Jerusalem: The Biography

  Philip II Augustus, King, 257–8, 260n

  Philip II, King of Macedon, 52

  Philip II, King of Spain, 278n

  Philip, Prince, Duke of Edinburgh, 444n, 454n

  Philipp, Prince of Eulenburg, 376–8

  Philippa, Princess, 238

  Philippi, Battle of, 75

  Philistines, 18–20, 23, 137

  Philo Judaeus of Alexandria, 99n

  Phoenicia, 81

  Phoenician temples, 28

  Phoenicians, 22, 26, 39n

  photography, 363, 378

  Picot, Francois-Georges, 405, 420, 424

  Pilgrim Strangers, 338

  Pinsk, 409

  Pinsker, Leo, 374

  Pitt, William, the Elder, Earl of Chatham, 413

  Pitt, William, the Younger, 322

  plague, 256, 258, 332

  Plato, 190n, 446

  Plehve, Vyecheslav von, 380

  Pliny the Elder, 3

  , 381, 383

  Plumer, Field Marshal Hebert, 1st Viscount, 436

  Poland, 291, 293–4, 298, 301, 311n, 461, 486n

  Polish Jews, 307–8, 357, 359, 375n, 441, 457

  polo, 237, 251, 442

  Pompeii, 119n

  Pompey the Great, Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus, 6, 70–3

  Pontius Pilate, 99n, 100, 102, 104–5, 107–8, 110, 115, 119, 122, 135n

  Pontus, 88n

  Pools of Solomon, 329

  popes, 151, 159

  Popillius Laenas, 62

  Poppaea, 120–1

  Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, 501

  Port Said, 444n

  Portugal, 294

  Postal Café, 444

  Potemkin, Prince Gregory, 311, 374

  Potter’s Field, 109

  prisoners, ransoming of, 213

  Pro-Jerusalem Society, 423

  prophets, 19

  prostitution, 144, 226–7, 258, 398, 421, 424

  Protestant Churches, 157, 296–7, 299

  Protocols of the Elders of Zion, 380n, 383, 423–4, 433, 456n

  Prussia, 285, 334, 363

  Ptolemais (Acre), 67, 70n, 78, 124

  Ptolemy I Soter, King, 54–5, 57n, 58n

  Ptolemy II Philadelphos, King, 55, 56n

  Ptolemy III Eugertes, King, 56

  Ptolemy IV, King, 57n

  Ptolemy VI Philometer, King, 66n, 67

  Ptolemy VIII Euergetes, King, 67n

  Ptolemy IX Soter, King, 70n

  Ptolemy XIII, King, 73

  Ptolemy, King of Mauretania, 82n

  Ptolemy of Alexandria, 190n

  Pulcheria, Empress, 153, 155–7

  Punch, 379

  Purim, 360, 384

  Puritans, 300–1, 332, 337

  Pushkin, Alexander, 340

  Putin, Vladimir, 369n, 515n

  pyramids, 85n

  Qaitbay, Sultan, 279n, 287–8, 521

  Qashashi, 305

  al-Qassam, Sheikh Izzat al-Din, 447–8

  Qazaz, Firaz, 521

  Qazaz, Naji, 521

  qiblas, 171, 175

  Quadi, 138

  al-Quds University, 518n

  Quirinius, 91n

  Qutuz, Sultan, 275

  Rabin, Yitzhak, 429–30, 469, 473–6, 479–70, 485, 506–7, 514

  and Six Day War, 492–3, 496–7

  Rabinowitz, Rabbi Shmuel, 517–18

  Rachel’s Tomb, 323, 351, 357n

  Rachkovsky, Piotr, 380n

  railways, 348–9, 363

  Ramadan, 171, 199, 259, 359, 513

  Ramallah, 216

  Ramban, Rabbi, see Nachmanides

  Ramban Synagogue, 279n, 282, 286–7, 295, 297

  Ramla, 186, 204, 316, 481, 487

  Ramle Vale Jackal Hounds Hunt, 442

  Ramses II the Great, pharaoh, 17–18

  Ramsgate, 351, 357n

  Raphia, 70

  Raphia, Battle of, 57n

  Rasputin, Grigory, 385–7

  Rauff, Walter, 457

  Raushen Pasha, 399

  Ravenna, 159

  Raymond, Count of Toulouse, Count of Tripoli, 207, 209, 211–12, 214

  Raymond, Count of Tripoli, 243–7

  Raymond, Prince of Antioch, 234–6

  Raymond of Aguilers, 212

  Red Crescent, 399

  red heifer, 86

  Red Sea, 31, 40, 245

  Rehavia, 444, 466, 481, 487

  Rehoboam, King, 30–1

  Rehovoth, 481

  Reich, Ronny, 21n, 393

  Reuveni, David, 297n, 299n

  Reynald of Chatillon, Lord of Kerak and

  Outrejordain, 243, 245–6, 248, 250

  Rhodes, 81, 179, 333

  Richard, Earl of Cornwall, 270

  Richard I the Lionheart, King, 65n, 235n, 257–63, 267, 406

  Richman, Rabbi, Chaim, 86n

  Rida ibn Thawb, 200n

  Ridwan, Prince, 297

  Riley-Smith, Jonathan, 227

  Rishon-le-Zion, 374

  de Riveri, Paschia, 244

  Riyad, General Abdul Munim, 493, 495

  Robert, Duke of Flanders, 208

  Robert I, Duke of Normandy, 201

  Robert II, Duke of Normandy, 208

  Robert, King of Naples, 281

  Roberts, David, 333

  Robinson, Edward, 337, 354n

  Robinsons’s Arch, 99, 354n

  Rohan, David, 501

  Romania, 343

  Romanos IV Diogenes, Emperor, 202n

  Romans, 60, 62, 70–7, 80–2, 93, 115–17

  and Christianity, 132–3

  and Jewish revolt, 120–6

  and life of Jesus, 98, 100–7

  and St Paul, 118–19

  siege of Jerusalem, 1–10

  and suppression of Jews, 129–39

  Rome, 121, 207n, 351, 370, 463

  Arch of Titus, 129, 130n

  and Christians, 114, 139–40, 151

  Church of St Paul Outside the Walls, 121n

  civil war in, 138

  Temple of Peace, 129, 131n

  Vespasian’s Triumph, 129–30

  year of three emperors, 2, 126

  Rome, bishops of, 151, 159

  Rommel, Field Marshal Erwin, 459

  Roosevelt, Franklin D., President, 382n, 459n, 462

  Roosevelt, Theodore, President, 428

  Rosh Ha Ayim, 53

  Rosh Hashanah, 516

  Rothschild, Dolly de, 414

  Rothschild, Baron Edmond de, 374, 390, 421

  Rothschild, James de, 421, 487n

  Rothschild, Lionel de, 325n, 350, 352n, 362

  Rothschild, Nathaniel, 1st Baron, 324, 350, 380

  Rothschild, Walter, 2nd Baron, 414–15

  Roxelana, Sultana, 291–2, 297

  Royal Boar, 162–4

  Rubens, Peter Paul, 65n

  Rubowitz, Alexander, 466, 467n

  Runciman, Sir Steven, 263n

  Russell, Earl, 354

  Russia, 310, 320, 330–1, 335, 339–43, 347–8, 361–2, 366, 515

  anti-Semitism and Jewish exodus, 367–70, 374, 380, 382–3

  Moses Montefiore’s visit, 350–1n

  Russian Jews, 330, 334–5, 345, 350, 367–70, 374–5, 382–3, 412–13, 415, 423–4, 430, 508–9

  and Sykes–Picot Agreement, 405

  see also Soviet Union

  Russian Compound, 353, 367, 369, 384, 386, 417, 429, 444, 462, 464–5, 474, 478

  Russian Palestine Society, 367

  Russian Revolution, 413

  Rustaveli, Shota, 296n

  Rutenberg, Pinhas, 423n, 429

  Saakashvili, Mikheil, President, 296n

  Sabas, 156n

  al-Sabbah, Hassan, 203n

  Sabbatai Zevi, 302–3

  Sabbath, 45, 54, 59, 62–3, 107, 144n, 171, 307

  Sabinus, 93

  Sabra and Shatila massacres, 503

  sacrifice, cult of, 53, 59, 101

  see also child sacrifice

  Sadat
, Anwar, President, 504–5, 515

  Sadducees, 68n

  Sadeh, General Yitzhak, 452, 456

  Sadowa, Battle of, 356

  Safadin, Sultan, 249, 251n, 253–4, 255n, 258–65

  Safed, 298, 334

  al-Saffah, Caliph, 186–8

  Said, Boulos, 441

  Said, Edward, xix, xxiv, 441, 518n, 519n

  Sakakini, Khalil, 408, 417, 429, 444–5

  Sakhra, 175

  Saladin, Sultan, 224–6, 227n, 241, 243–64, 270, 276, 380, 508, 520

  and later developments, 381, 404, 409, 420n, 509

  Salahiyya endowments, 255

  Salih Ayyub, Sultan, 270–1, 275

  Salisbury, Robert Cecil, Marquess of, 409

  Sallust, 71

  Salome (daughter of Herodias), 96

  Salome (sister of Herod), 80, 83–4, 88–90

  Salome Alexandra, Queen, 70–1

  Salonika, 293, 399

  Samara, 150

  Samaria, 28, 32, 34, 69, 82, 93

  Samaritans, 51, 53, 110, 116, 138, 154, 159

  Samarkand, 283

  Samosata, 78

  Samuel, prophet, 19, 204

  Samuel, Herbert, 1st Viscount, 411, 413–14, 431, 433–6

  San Remo Conference, 431

  Sanballat, 51, 53

  Sand, Shlomo, 191n

  Sanderson, John, 299

  Sandys, George, 299–300

  Sanhedrin, 59, 64, 74, 78, 104, 110, 119, 150

  Sanhedrin tomb, 79n

  Saracens (the name), 173

  Sarajevo, 374

  Sardis, 48n, 50n

  Sargon II, King of Assyria, 34–5

  Saturnius, 156

  al-Saud, Abdullah, 327

  Ibn Saud, Abdul-Aziz, 327n

  Ibn Saud, King Abdullah, 327n, 432, 468

  Saudi Arabia, 281, 327n, 432n, 467, 510

  Saul, King, 19–21

  Saulcy, Félicien de, 355

  St Saviour’s monastery, 296, 310, 318–19, 322, 330

  Savoyards, 278n

  Schick, Conrad, 228n, 364n

  Schiff, Jacob, 382

  Schlechter, Solomon, 199n

  Scott, C. P., 410–11

  Scott, Walter, 336

  Sea Peoples, 15, 18

  Sebag, Jemima, 349

  Sebag-Montefiore, Major Geoffrey, 421

  Sebag-Montefiore, Sir Joseph, 357n

  Sebag-Montefiore, Captain William, 420n

  Sebaste, 82

  Sebastopol, 347

  Sebeos, Bishop, 176

  Second Balkan War, 395

  Second Wall, 3, 363n

  Sedgwick, Sergeant James, 418

  Selassie, Haile, Emperor, 400n, 441, 457, 519

  Seleucids, 56–7, 61, 65–8, 72–3, 76n

  Seleucos, 57n

  Selim the Grim, Sultan, 291

  Selim II, Sultan, 297

  Selim III, Sultan, 318

  Semiramis Hotel, 432, 469

  Sennacherib, King of Assyria, 35–8, 457

  Sephardic Jews, 20, 24, 191n, 293–4, 298, 300, 308, 324, 330, 345–6, 359–60, 384, 510

  Sephoria, 245

  Septimus Severus, Emperor, 138

  Serbs, 296

  Sergei Alexandrovich, Grand Duke, 368–9, 386

  seven veils, dance of, 96n

  Seventh Day Adventists, 337n

  Seward, William H., 347n

  Shaftesbury, Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 7th

  Earl of, xxv, 331–4, 337, 350, 354

  shahada, 176n, 184

  Shaizar, 224

  Shajar ad-Durr, Sultana, 271, 272n

  Shalmaneser, King of Assyria, 31, 32n

  Shaltiel, David, 479

  Shamir, Yitzhak, 481

  Shams al-Din, 268

  Sharon, Ariel, 358n, 494, 504–6, 509

  Shea, General John, 418, 420

  Sheba, Queen of, 26, 157n

  Shechem, 18, 30

  Sheikh Jarrah, 58n, 364–5, 385, 442–3, 469, 473, 478–9, 483, 488, 496, 511, 517

  Shema, 102

  Sheshbazzar, King, 48

  Sheshonq, pharaoh, 28–31

  Shihabis, 519

  Shiloh, 18

  Shirin, Queen of Persia, 162

  Shirkuh, Amir, 239–41, 251

  shofar, 437, 462, 497

  Shuqayri, Ahmed, 445, 491

  Sibylla, Queen of Jerusalem, 244–6, 249–50, 256

  Sicarii, 116, 120, 123

  Sicily, 71, 194, 218, 257, 266–7

  Sidon, 217, 249, 316n, 383

  Sigurd, King of Norway, 217

  Sikorski, General Wladslaw, 458

  Siloam Pool and Tunnel, 36–7, 43, 99–100, 103n, 156, 365

  Silwan, 35n, 329, 506, 508n, 511

  St Simeon, 154

  Simon the Great, the Maccabee, see Maccabees

  Simon, builder of the Temple, 87

  Simon, cousin of Jesus, 10, 119

  Simon, ‘prince of princes’, 93n

  Simon, son of Cleophas, 92n, 132–3

  Simon II, the Just, 58–9, 384

  Simon ben Giora, 8, 125, 129

  Simon of Cyrene, 106

  Sinai, 49, 61, 380, 407, 490, 492, 493–4, 505

  Sind, 183

  al-Siqilli, Jawhar, see Jawhar

  Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, 197n

  Six Day War, xxv, 490–98, 519

  slingers, 19n

  Smith, George Adam, 418

  Smith, Joseph, 338

  Smith, Sir Sidney, 317–18, 321–2, 331

  Smyrna, 302

  Socrates Scholasticus, 148n

  Solomon, King, 7, 23, 25–30, 40, 85, 157n, 159, 217, 305

  and Islam, 170, 175, 182, 185

  relics of, 152

  Solomon’s mines, 28

  Somalia, 26

  Sophronius, Patriarch, 173–5

  Soviet Union, 415, 433, 440n, 455, 465, 492, 502

  Sozomen, 147n

  Spafford, Anna, 365

  Spafford-Vester, Bertha, 365, 390, 392, 396, 418, 420, 441, 473, 488–9

  Spafford, Horatio, 364–6

  Spafford, Jacob, 37n

  Spain, 134, 200n, 230, 240

  reconquest of, 285, 293–4

  Spanish Inquisition, 294