Jerusalem: The Biography

  Spartacus slave rebellion, 73, 106n

  Special Night Squads, 451–2

  Special Squads, 463

  Springs of Cresson, 246

  Stables of Solomon, 85, 150, 219, 226, 509

  Stalin, Josef, 382n, 440n, 461, 462n, 463, 476, 489

  Stanhope, Lady Hester, 321–2

  Stanley, Dean Arthur, 353–4

  Stations of the Cross, 106n

  Stepashin, Stephan, 515n

  St Stephen, 110, 152n

  St Stephen’s Gate, 417

  Stern, Abraham, 458

  Stonehenge, 14

  stoning, 59

  Storrs, Sir Ronald, xxv, 404, 406, 417n, 422–4, 429–30, 434–6, 478

  Strait of Tiran, 492–3

  Strategos, 162

  stylites, 154

  Sudan, 26, 355n, 365, 402

  Suetonius, 111

  Suez Canal, 325, 355, 362, 397, 490, 504

  Sufism, 197n, 276, 280–1, 303–4

  suicide bombings, 507, 508, 513, 518n

  Suleiman, Caliph, 186

  Suleiman the Magnificent, Sultan, 146n, 291–7, 343

  Suleiman Pasha, the Just, 320, 322

  Sulla, 73

  Supreme Muslim Council, 436, 439

  Suqman, 203

  Susa, 50n, 51, 370

  Swedish Evangelical Church, 365

  Sweyn Godwinson, Earl, 201

  Switzerland, 409

  Sykes, Sir Mark, 405, 414–15

  Sykes–Picot Agreement, 405–7, 415, 428

  Syria, 22, 31, 33, 41, 57n, 82, 116, 140, 215, 218, 355, 442, 456, 492

  and Albanian conquest, 327, 334

  and Arab conquests, 173, 177–8, 181, 187, 190–1, 194

  and archaeology, 354

  and desert monks, 154

  and division of Middle East, 403, 405–7, 415, 422, 424–8, 431–3, 454, 465–6

  and Grand Mufti’s revolt, 448, 454

  and Islamic sultanate, 243–4, 251, 265–6, 271, 272n

  and Israeli wars, 474–5, 492, 504

  and Mongol raids, 275, 277

  Nur al-Din’s conquest, 236, 238, 241

  and Persian conquesst, 161, 163–4

  Roman occupation, 72, 74–6, 80

  and Tamurlane’s conquest, 282–3

  and the Three Pashas, 395–6

  and UAR, 490–1

  Syriac Orthodox Church, 157n, 310

  al-Tabari, 172n

  Tabernacles, 59n, 67–8, 70, 98

  Tabor Mountain, Battle of, 316

  Tacitus, 9, 99n, 116, 125, 130, 133

  Taki al-Din, 247, 253, 259

  Talaat Pasha, Mehmet, 395, 400, 414, 416n

  Talal, King of Jordan, 484

  Talbieh, 335, 346, 352, 400n, 443, 466

  Talleyrand, Charles-Maurice, Prince de, 312

  Talmud, 83, 132, 136, 191

  Talpiot, 444, 452, 467n

  Tamar, 24

  Tamara, Queen of Georgia, 296n

  Tamurlane, 282–4

  Tanakh, 16, 55

  Tancred de Hauteville, 208, 210–12

  Tankiz, Viceroy, 280–1

  Tartars, 270–1

  Tbilisi, 416n, 461n

  Tegart forts, 450

  Teima, 46

  Tel Aviv, 383, 438, 452, 455, 463, 468, 470, 474, 487, 501, 511

  Tel Dan stele, xxiv, 22, 32n

  telegraph, 356

  Tell al-Jahudiya, 66n

  Temple

  anti-Temple traditions, 99–100

  Babylonian destruction, 44

  Foundation Stone, 148, 508n, 509, 515

  Herod’s Temple, 84–7, 183, 295, 354n

  and Jewish commemoration, 374

  and Jewish revolt, 1–10, 122–3, 125, 131–2

  Julian’s rebuilding, 150

  and life of Jesus, 99–102, 104, 109–10

  and Maimonides’ grieving, 240–1

  and PLO denial, 505–6, 508

  Roman depredations, 72–3, 78

  Second Temple, 49–50, 85

  Solomon’s Temple, 7, 25–8, 50, 85, 159, 183

  spoliation under Antiochus, 62–3

  Third Temple, 437, 502, 505

  treasures, 7–8, 31, 33, 51, 60, 129, 130n, 159

  Temple Institute, 86n

  Temple Mount, xix, xxi, 9, 16, 72, 122–3, 147–9, 195, 241, 361, 400, 420, 434, 488

  and Albanian conquest, 327

  and Arab conquests, 170, 175–9, 182–3, 185, 190–1, 200

  and Arab Revolt, 448

  and archaeology, 355, 379

  and Crusaders, 211–12, 221, 227–9, 270

  and European visitors, 322, 325, 348–9, 378–9, 422

  Herod’s constructions, 67n, 71, 85

  and Intifada, 503

  and Islamic sultanate, 254, 268–9

  and Israeli wars, 466, 492–5

  and Jewish festivals, 153–4

  Jewish picnics, 58n, 384

  and Mamluk sultanate, 276, 280, 284, 286, 288

  negotiations and access, 509–10, 514–16, 517

  and Ottoman sultanate, 291–3, 295, 299n, 304, 307–8

  and Parker fiasco, 389, 391–2

  reconsecration, 162

  Roman constructions, 134–6, 138

  sacred status, 27–8, 152n and Second Coming, 502–4

  and Seljuk conquest, 202

  tomb of King Hussein, 479, 484

  tunnel construction, 509

  and World Islamic Conference, 439

  see also Haram al-Sharif Temple Mount Faithful, 503

  Temple of Amun, 31

  Temple of Jupiter, 134, 135n, 138, 140

  Temple of Solomon, see al-Aqsa Mosque Ten

  Commandments, 17

  Tennenbaum, Leah, 399–400

  Tenth Legion, 9, 132, 136, 138, 363n

  Tetragrammaton, 302

  Teutonic Knights, 267–8, 270

  Texas, 382

  Thackeray, William, 336, 339, 345, 347

  Theodora, Empress, 158–60

  Theodora, Queen of Jerusalem, 237–8

  Theodorich, 219, 239n

  Theodosius I, Emperor, 148n, 151

  Theodosius II, Emperor, 153–6

  Thibault of Champagne, Count, 270

  Third Wall, 114, 126

  Thirty Years War, 300

  St Thomas, 108

  Thomas, Lowell, 404, 425–6, 433n

  Thomas the gravedigger, 162n

  Thomas the Presbyter, 172

  Thompson, Archbishop William, 354

  Thomson, William, 329, 337

  Thousand and One Nights, 189, 363

  Thrace, 50

  Three Pashas, 394–401, 403, 415n

  Tiberias, 95, 111, 115, 161, 164, 177, 246, 295

  Tiberius, Emperor, 95, 98, 99n, 110–12

  Tiferet Israel Synagogue, 352n

  Tiglath-Pileser III, King of Assyria, 33–4

  Tigris, river, 150

  Tikrit, 251

  Timberlake, Henry, 299–301

  Titus, Emperor, 1–10, 38, 44, 66n, 84n, 87, 99, 124–6, 129, 131, 133, 134n, 136, 479

  Tobiah the Amnonite, 56n

  Tobler, Titus, 356

  Tobruk, 459

  Toldot Haron, 486

  Tomb of Kings, 355

  Tomb of Simon, 360

  Tomb of the Abyss, 27n

  Tomb of Zechariah, 132

  Torah, 45n, 51, 61, 62, 70, 90, 190, 279, 298, 338

  Torquemada, Tomás de, 294

  Tosefta, 139

  Touro, Judah, 352n

  Tours, 186

  Tours, Battle of, 65n

  Tower of Babel, 42, 45n

  Tower of David, 84n, 203, 214, 217, 225, 236, 243, 245, 249, 260, 269–70, 280, 288, 292, 307, 319, 356, 363, 378, 418, 420, 452

  see also Citadel

  Trajan, Emperor, 133–4, 160

  Transjordan, 433, 446, 448

  Transylvania, 304n

  Treaty of Jaffa, 263

  Treaty of Karlowitz, 305

 
Trieste, 513

  Tripoli, 209, 215

  Trojan Wars, 14–15

  Trotsky, Leon, 383, 423n, 429n

  True Cross, 146–7, 152, 162, 164–5

  and Crusaders, 214, 217, 220, 223, 227, 236, 244, 247–9, 258–61, 263

  Truman, Harry S., President, 410, 463–4, 476

  Tunis, 506

  Tunisia, 194, 251, 283

  Turanshah, Sultan, 271

  Turin Shroud, 108

  Turjman, Ihsan, 422

  Turkish Lions, 275

  Tustari, Grand Vizier, 200

  Twain, Mark, xxiv, 357–8

  Twelve Apostles, 97, 99, 103, 109

  Tyler, John, President, 336

  Tyre, 22, 27, 53, 202, 220, 227, 236, 255

  Tyropaean Valley, 35n

  Ubadah ibn al-Samit, 177n

  Ubayd Allah (al-Mahdi), 194

  Uganda, 381–2, 410, 453

  Uhuh, Battle of, 177

  Ukraine, 50n, 301–3, 359n, 444, 486n

  Umayyad dynasty, 178–87

  Union of Zionist-Revisionists, 430

  United Arab Command, 491

  United Arab Republic (UAR), 490

  United Nations, 48n, 466–7, 468–71, 478, 483, 492, 495–6, 514, 519

  United Resistance Command, 462, 465

  United States of America

  American Civil War, 347n

  American Constitution, 336

  American Jews, 428, 500

  early colonists, 300–2

  and Jewish immigration, 370

  and Six Day War, 494, 496

  and Suez crisis, 490

  and state of Israel, 467

  Unur, Atabeg of Damascus, 224, 229, 233, 235

  Ur, 16, 45n

  Urban II, Pope, 208

  Uriah the Hittite, 23, 363

  US Zionist Federation, 428

  Usamah bin Munqidh, xxv, 223–5, 229–31, 233, 237, 239, 241, 252

  Ustinov, Baron Plato von, 366

  Vagabond Café, 444

  Valley of Hinnom, 40, 185n

  Valley of Jehoshaphat, 227

  Vanderbilt, Consuelo, 389

  Varus, Publius Quinctilius, 93

  Venice, 207n

  Verdun, 408, 416

  Versailles peace conference, 427–8

  Vespasian, Emperor, 1–2, 5, 124–6, 129, 131–2

  Vester, Frederick, 485

  Via Dolorosa, 106n, 135n, 286, 300, 344n, 356, 497

  Victoria, Queen, 324, 332, 341, 350, 354, 368, 454n

  Vienna, 292, 304, 352, 373, 376, 398

  Villiers, Captain Hyde, 389n

  Vilna, 350n, 359n, 501

  Vincent, Père, 390

  Virgin Mary, see Mary, mother of Jesus

  Virgin’s Tomb, see Church of Our Lady of Jehoshaphat

  Vitruvius, 85n

  Volney, Constantin, 310–11

  von Papen, Franz, 396, 409, 416, 439n

  Wagner, Richard, 423

  Wahab, Muhammad ibn Abdul, 327n

  Wahabis, 281, 327, 432

  al-Wahrani, 252–3

  Walid I, Caliph, 184, 186

  Walter, Hubert, 263

  Waqfs, 280n, 364n, 421, 498, 508

  Ward, Hon. Cyril, 389n

  warfare, laws of, 213n

  Warren, Captain Charles, 21n, 355–6

  Warren’s Gate, 186

  Waterloo, Battle of, 323

  Watson, Brigadier C. F., 418

  Wauchope, Sir Arthur, 439–40, 450

  Wavell, Sir Archibald, 1st Earl, 451

  Wazzah, 421

  Weidenfeld, George, Baron, 482, 487

  Weizmann, Chaim, President, xxv, 351n, 374, 409–12, 414–15, 421, 423–31, 435, 444–6, 450, 453, 458, 478

  and Buraq Uprising, 438–9

  and El Alamein, 457

  and Israeli presidency, 476, 480

  and Nabi Musa riots, 429–30

  and Orde Wingate, 450–1

  Weizmann Institute of Science, 481

  Well of Souls, 27n

  West Bank, 478, 481–2, 488, 491, 502

  and Intifada, 505–6, 509

  Western Wall, 9, 24n, 71, 120n, 135n, 151n, 175, 264, 286, 300, 355, 357, 379, 408, 452, 504

  and Buraq Uprising, 436–8

  daily rituals, 518–19, 523

  as ha-Kotel, 295, 437, 497, 516

  and Jewish access, 480, 482, 502, 513, 516

  purchase attempts, 357, 374, 398n, 421, 437

  and shofar ban, 437, 459

  and Six Day War, 497–8

  tunnel constructions, 509

  Westminster, Jerusalem Chamber, 285

  White Russians, 444

  Wiesel, Elie, 512

  Wilhelm II, Kaiser, 355–6, 375–80, 389, 395, 408, 417

  William III, King, 331

  William, Patriarch, 223

  William of Tyre, xxv, 208, 222, 233–4, 237–9, 242, 244, 245n

  William the Conqueror, King, 201, 208

  William the Troubadour, 234–5

  Wilson, Captain Charles, 354, 363n, 390

  Wilson, Captain Clarence, 389n, 390–1

  Wilson, Woodrow, President, 427–8

  Wilson’s Arch, 354

  Wingate, Lorna, 452

  Wingate, General Orde, 450–2, 453n, 456, 494

  Winthrop, John, 301

  Wittenberg, 296

  Wolff, Heinrich, 439

  Woodhead Commission, 442n

  Workers of Zion, 383

  World Islamic Conference, 439

  Worms Cathedral, 379n

  Wrangel, Count Herman, 389n

  Xenophon, 49

  Xerxes, King of Persia, 50n, 52

  Yaacovy, Yitzhak, 487

  Yachin and Boaz pillars, 26

  Yad Vashem memorial, 455n, 487n, 504

  Yalta conference, 462n, 463

  al-Yaqubi, 172n

  Yarmuk, Battle of, 172–3, 177n

  Yathrib, 170

  Yaush, 42n

  Yavneh (Jamnia), 132

  Yazid, ibn Abi Sufyan, 180

  Yemen, 158n, 174, 194, 243, 251, 255

  Yishuv, 445, 459, 467, 470

  Yohanan ben Zakkai, 10

  Yolande, Queen of Jerusalem, 265n, 266–7, 270n

  Yom Kippur War, 502

  York, 257

  Young, William Turner, 330, 332, 334–5