Hitler 1936-1945: Nemesis (Allen Lane History)

  Lloyd George, David (later 1st Earl Lloyd-George of Dwyfor) 29, 383

  Lob, Lieutenant-Colonel Fritz 11

  Locarno Treaty (1925) xxxvi, 4, 188

  Lodz 319; German Jews deported to 482, 484; ghetto 249, 319–20, 479; renamed Litzmannstadt 482; Soviet troops take 758

  Lohse, Hinrich 406, 486, 492, 838

  London 58, 607, 622; the Blitz 309; East End 309; flying-bombs 641, 642; H order a major air-attack 638; Polish Government-in-Exile 725

  Londonderry, Lord 12, 13

  Lorenz, Heinz 678–9, 797, 816, 825

  Lorraine 315

  Los Angeles: Olympic Games (1932) 6

  Loßberg, Lieutenant-Colonel Bernhard von 307, 408

  Lower Bavaria 763

  Lower Rhine 760

  Lübeck 509, 818

  Lublin 319, 321, 484, 493, 494, 520, 589, 725

  Lubljanka prison 551

  Ludwigshafen 760, 761

  Luftwaffe 277, 278, 289, 293, 396, 452, 509, 747, 799, 801, 802; airlift to 6th Army 544, 545, 548, 549; armaments programme 284; attacks London’s East End 309; Baku oilfields 537; in ‘Barbarossa’ 409; the Blitz 309; bomb-proof bunkers 633–4; bomber shortage 535; and the bombing of Cologne 524; and ‘Citadel’ 592; creation of xxxviii, 38; death blow to 745–6; Dunkirk 295, 296; failure of 535, 570, 572, 587, 620, 629, 696, 717, 738, 825–6; fighter production 732; forces against Timoshenko 433; fuel shortages 717, 732, 739; and Göring 57, 413; Göring assures H of imminent improvements 535; H’s preoccupation with deficiencies of 543, 729; H’s threat 786; and I G Farben 18; ‘Kirschkern’ Programme 622; Me262 production 621, 635, 739; and Memel 176; and the Normandy landings 641; Operation Barbarossa 384, 409; preferential treatment 46; and a proposed invasion of Britain 301; reform 645; Udet scapegoated for failures 420

  Lüneburg 836

  Lutze, SA-Chief Viktor 584

  Luxembourg 295, 315

  Luzk, eastern Poland 463

  McAuliffe, Brigadier-General Anthony 744

  McLean, Donald 370

  ‘Madagascar solution’ 134–5, 320, 321–4, 324, 349–52, 383, 470, 521

  Madeira xl

  Magdeburg 761

  Magdeburg-Anhalt 138

  Maginot Line 265, 297

  Magnuszev bridgehead 756

  Maidanek 520

  Main river 788

  Mainz 761

  Maisel, General Ernst 733

  Malta 367, 514, 524

  Manchester Guardian 124, 829

  Mannerheim, Marshal Baron Carl Gustaf von 524,724

  Mannesmann 132

  Mansfeld, Erich 830

  Manstein, Lieutenant-General Erich von 103, 290, 291, 452, 466, 514, 523, 524, 526, 531, 544–5, 549, 578–81, 592, 597, 599, 600, 603, 607, 616–19, 629, 630, 666

  Manteuffel, General Hasso von 741, 744

  Manziarly, Constanze 801, 804, 827

  Mao Zedong xvii

  Marburg 139

  March, Werner 5

  Mareks, General Erich 408

  ‘Marcks Plan’ 408

  Margarethe I 626

  Margarethe II 626

  Margival (Führer Headquarters) 642

  Markt Schellenberg 766

  Marne river 722

  Marseilles 722

  Marx Brothers 371

  Marxism 130; H’s use of the term xli–xlii

  Marzahn 801

  Maschmann, Melita 9, 142

  Mastny, Dr Voytech 170

  Masurian woods 395

  Matsuoka, Yosuke 363–4, 444

  Mauthausen concentration camp 604, 735, 768

  Mayen 764

  Mayer, Dr Joseph 259

  Maykop 438, 497, 514, 529, 530, 536

  Mediterranean 49, 50, 533, 539, 591; defence of 586; German supply difficulties 543; ‘an Italian sea’ 25; successful Allied landing 592–3

  Meichner, Colonel Joachim 669

  Meiser, Bishop Hans 28

  Meissner, Otto 170, 218, 800

  Memel district, Czechoslovakia 163, 166, 175–6

  mentally ill patients 252–7, 259, 261, 317, 424, 427–8, 430, 484

  mentally retarded children 257

  Meran, South Tyrol 633

  Mers-el-Kébir 301

  Mertz von Quirnheim, Colonel Albrecht Ritter 676, 681, 682, 683, 689

  Mesopotamia 537

  Messerschmitt, Professor Willi 621, 635

  Metz 642, 721

  Meuse river 295, 744

  Meyer, Gauleiter Alfred 483

  Michael, King of Romania 723

  Middle East 523, 537, 591

  Mierendorff, Carlo 666

  Miklas, President Wilhelm 77, 78, 80–1

  Milan 26

  Milch, Field-Marshal Erhard 75, 548, 621, 634, 635

  Ministerial Council for the Defence of the Reich (Ministerrat für die Reichsverteidigung) 219, 312, 541, 568, 570, 573, 709

  Minsk 394, 398, 399, 466, 483, 486, 647, 661

  Mischlinge (part-Jews) 148, 474, 486, 492

  Mitford, Diana (later Mosley) 13

  Mitford, Unity Valkyrie 13

  Model, Colonel-General Walter 579–80, 592, 630, 650, 721, 754, 784, 786, 792

  Mogilev 483, 647

  Mohnke, SS-Brigadeführer Wilhelm 813, 814, 826, 827

  Möllendorf, Rittmeister Leonhard von 673

  Molotov, Vyacheslav 192, 195, 196, 204–5, 210, 331, 332–4, 336, 342, 360–1, 734

  Moltke, Helmuth James Graf von 665, 666

  monasteries, closing of the 427, 428, 430

  Mönichkirchen 366, 368

  Montgomery, General Bernard 535, 538, 546, 600, 721

  Montoire (H/Pétain/Laval discussions, 1940) 330–1

  Moravia 46, 164, 165, 172, 318, 479

  Moravská-Ostrava 165

  Morell, Dr Theodor 36, 171, 411, 612, 674, 694, 726, 727, 728, 798, 801, 803

  Morgenthau Plan (1944) 784

  Morocco 14, 348

  Moscow 397, 400, 416, 435, 477, 534, 536, 769; air-raids 409; the drive to 417, 442, 499; German Embassy 195, 205; and Guderian’s panzer army 437; ‘Marcks Plan’ 408; non-aggression pact signed 210–11, 228; ‘of no great importance’ 335, 345, 346; Operation Typhoon 415, 431; plans to take 408–11, 412, 414, 438, 439, 440

  Mosley, Sir Oswald 13, 302

  Mühldorf am Inn 78

  Müller, General Friedrich-Wilhelm 758

  Müller, SS-Gruppenführer Heinrich 464, 492, 758

  Munich: Americans reach 834; Artists’ Club 140; bombing of 535, 761; Bürgerbräukeller 137, 271–4, 656; Chamberlain in no; Circus Krone 526; Deutsches Künstlerhaus (‘German Artists’ House’) 37, 38, 132; Feldherrnhalle 140, 840; Hofbräuhaus 614, 623–4, 779, 781; H’s flat in 34, 535; Jewish community 132, 485; Löwenbräukeller 436, 539, 565, 606, 739; Old Town Hall 137, 138, 149; Putsch commemoration 420; ‘Rally of German Art 1939’ 197–8; rebuilding 567, 709; Reich Food Estate’s Agricultural Exhibition (1937) 37; Stoétrupp Hitler wreaks havoc in 138, 149; synagogues demolished 132, 138, 139, 140, 149; Technische Hochschule 258

  Munich Agreement (1938) 91, 105, 121–5, 157, 158, 159, 164, 172, 175, 208, 272, 291, 655; the basis of 113; cynical demolition of 173; Göring pushes for peace 89; H’s regrets 163, 230; legacy of 125

  Munich University: White Rose opposition-group 552

  Münster 427, 429, 791

  Müritzsee, Mecklenburg 36

  Mussert, Anton 518

  Mussolini, Benito xvii, 48, 207, 276, 314, 597, 671; and anti-Bolshevism 285; and antisemitism 285; and Austria 66, 68, 75, 76, 78, 80; Baldwin on 4; and ‘Barbarossa’ 287; Brenner Pass talks 291–2, 327–8, 382–3; captured and executed 826; coins ‘Axis’ term 26; and Czechoslovakia 98, 99, 119, 120–1, 193; desperate to stop the war spreading 222; discusses the French armistice request 297–8; ‘discussions’ with H at Klessheim Castle 513–14; fall of (25 July 1943) 559, 594, 598, 599, 609; freed by SS 602, 689, 734; H loses confidence in 588; H on 25, 601; health 541, 586, 594; and the Heé affair 372, 375, 382–3; and H’s cancell
ed invasion of Poland (August 1939) 214–16; loss of prestige 347; meeting with H at Feltre 593; and the Munich Agreement 121; prepared to intercede with Britain 219, 222; on Ribbentrop 98; sets up ‘Repubblica di Salò’ in northern Italy 602; and the Spanish Civil War 14; Special Train 291; state visit to Germany (1937) 38, 44–5, 98; talks with H (May 1938) 133; talks with H (January 1941) 346–7; talks with H (April 1943) 581; talks with H (22 April 1944) 633; told of the ‘Madagascar solution’ 322; visits FHQ after the assassination attempt 683, 684

  Mutschmann, Martin 779

  Naples 600

  Napoleon Bonaparte xvi, xvii, 188, 384, 385, 393, 400, 412, 453, 455, 470, 499, 561, 644, 713

  Narev river 238, 756, 757, 769

  Narvik, Norway 286, 288, 289

  National Committee of Free Germany 772, 793

  ‘national community’ xlv, 424

  National Labour Day (1 May) 5

  ‘national rebirth’ xlii, xliv

  ‘national redemption’ xliv

  ‘national salvation’ xlii, xliv, xlvi

  National Socialist Doctors’ League 254

  National Socialist German Workers’ Party (NSDAP) aesthetics of power 5; aims to force Jews out 146; antisemitism xliii; attacks on the Church xxxvi, 29, 40; Bormann restructures 790; business closures 575; and Christianity 424; the crucifix issue 425–6; ‘elections’ of 29

  March 1936 xxxv; and the First World War 233; Foreign Organization see Auslandsorganisation; functionaries leave for safer havens (1945) 763; the ‘good old times’ 611; grandiose Party buildings 185; H praises 537; and the Heé affair 374; ‘Horst-Wessel-Lied’ anthem 6, 561; H’s ultimatum demanding the Party leadership (1921) 283; ideological drive 314, 343, 395; Leadership crisis (July 1921) 648; membership xlii; the Nazi calendar 37; nazified Memel population 175; Party Chancellery 372, 421, 424, 568, 709; Party Rally of 1929 255; Party Rally of 1934 6; Party Rally of 1936 12, 13, 17, 18, 19, 22–3; Party Rally of 1937 35, 37, 39, 41, 42, 45; Party Rally of 1938 108, 109–10; Party Rally of 1939 (cancelled) 197, 214; penal law 256; programme 37, 42, 65; Propaganda Department 474; Putch commemoration 37, 46, 51, 137, 139, 272, 273, 420; Reichsleitung 258; reserves of hard-core Nazi support for H 556; triumphalism 136; ‘world-view’ 40

  National Socialist Leadership Officers 616

  National Socialist Racial and Political Office (NS-Rasse-und Politisches Amt) 257

  nationalism: H galvanizes the nationalist masses xli; Ukrainian 158, 165, 166

  Nationalsozialistische Volkswohlfahrt (NSV) 424

  Naumann, Werner 729, 823

  Naval Agreement 189

  Nazi Party see National Socialist German Workers’ Party (NSDAP)

  Nebe, SS-Gruppenführer Arthur 318, 466

  Neckar River 139

  Neisse river 793

  Nemmersdorf 738

  Nero, Emperor 594

  Netherlands 405, 434, 745, 834; bombing of Rotterdam 295; German invasion plans 659; Jews flee to 145–6; neutrality 277; the Queen and government flee to exile 294

  Neumann, Ernst 166

  Neurath, Konstantin Freiherr von 4, 25, 26, 43, 47, 49, 50, 58, 59, 67, 68, 69, 76, 90, 120, 121, 481, 586, 599, 837

  Neustadt 261

  ‘New Order’ 404, 407, 603

  Nice 328

  Nicolson, Harold 211

  Niemöller, Pastor Martin 41

  Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm 597

  ‘Night of the Long Knives’ (30 1934) xxxvii

  Nijmegen 723, 760

  Nikopol 603, 617

  Nile river 524

  Nisko district, south of Lublin 318

  Non-Aggression Pact 189, 191

  Normandy 639–41, 696, 699, 707

  North Africa 328, 346, 347, 348, 439, 448, 513, 514, 535, 538–42, 546, 553, 554, 580–81, 609, 668

  North Schleswig 288

  North Sea 369, 375

  Norway xl, 194, 286, 287–9, 293, 332, 405, 759

  November 9th 1918 127, 151, 298–9, 697

  November Pogrom (1938) 136–47, 148, 249

  November Revolution 150

  NSDAP see National Socialist German Workers’ Party

  NSV see Nationalsozialistische Volkswohlfahrt

  Nuremberg: air-raids on 573, 761, 764; compared with Fürth 582; demolition of the main synagogue 132; Party Rallies see under National Socialist German Workers’ Party; prison 58, 377, 836

  Nuremberg International Military Tribunal 574, 836, 837

  Nuremberg Laws 148

  Nußdorf (Bouhler’s country house) 571

  Oberkommando des Heeres (OKH) see German Army: High Command

  Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW) see Wehrmacht: High Command

  Obersalzberg, near Berchtesgaden 107, 110, 168, 199, 207, 301, 306, 373, 556, 570, 587, 636, 637, 639, 644, 651, 799, 800, 810

  Occupied Eastern Territories 478, 483

  Oder front 782, 793

  Oder river 160, 756, 759, 793

  Odessa 630

  Oertzen, Major Hans Ulrich von 690

  Ohlau 759

  Okamoto, General 443

  OKH (Oberkommando der Heeres) see German Army: High Command

  OKW (Oberkommando des Wehrmacht) see Wehrmacht: High Command

  Olbricht, Major-General Friedrich 86, 659, 660, 667, 668, 671, 676, 681, 682, 682–3, 689

  Oldenburg 508

  Olympic Games (Berlin, 1936) 5–9, 379

  Olympic Games (Los Angeles, 1932) 6

  Omaha Beach 640, 641

  Operation Anton 542

  Operation Autumn Mist 741, 743–7

  Operation Axis 599, 600

  Operation Bagratian 646

  Operation Barbarossa 335, 339, 343, 344, 348, 353, 360, 361, 363, 367–8, 371, 377, 380, 382, 462, 463, 466, 468, 469, 525, 566, 646; aim of 384; Barbarossa-Decree (13 May 1941) 357; and Bolshevism 387, 388, 389; ‘Commissar Order’ 357–9; Directive No.21 (‘Barbarossa Directive’) 335, 408; Directive No.34 410; escalating problems 419; German military leaders’ confidence 369; H provides the driving force 368–9; H’s intervention in military matters 407, 417, 419, 499; H’s letter to Mussolini 387–8; H’s proclamation 386, 387; initial reactions of the German people 422; initial territorial gains 398, 400; the invasion begins (22 June 1941) 393; and the invasion of Yugoslavia 365; the long front 579; operational plan fails 407, 417; partisan war 395, 405; postponed 362–3; Soviet captives 394–5; Soviet counter-attack begins (5 December 1941) 442; ‘special announcements’ 398; spiralling barbarization 395; ‘Study’ 413; ‘Supplement to Directive No.33’ 409, 410; Supplement to Directive No.34 411; toll on the German army and Luftwaffe 309; transport statistics 393; winter provisions for the troops 435, 439

  Operation Blue 514–15, 523, 524, 526–8; Directive No.41 (5 April 1942) 528, 529

  Operation Braunschweig 528; Directive No.45 (23 July 1942) 528–9

  Operation Citadel 591, 592, 647; plans for 579–80; postponed 580, 587

  Operation Cobra 718

  Operation Dragoon 722

  Operation Felix 348

  Operation Gomorrha 597

  Operation Magic Fire (Unternehmen Feuerzauber) 16

  Operation Marita 361, 364–5

  Operation Market Garden 723

  Operation Mercury 367

  Operation North Wind 744, 745

  Operation Overlord 641

  Operation Panzerfaust (‘Bazooka’) 735

  Operation Sealion 302–3, 310

  Operation Thunderclap 545