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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
At one time I intended the material in this book to be part of its immediate predecessor, Arsenals of Folly. When that previous work reached more than five hundred manuscript pages and the end of the Cold War, I decided to close it there and take up the post–Cold War years separately. The Twilight of the Bombs is that separate and final narrative in what began as a single volume and has now concluded as a four-volume series.
It seems appropriate, then, to acknowledge here collectively the many people who helped me with this multivolume work. I can’t begin to list them all, but their names recur in this and previous volumes, none of which I could have written without them.
With this book in particular, Anne Sibbald has been more than an agent; she has been a trusted adviser as well. Mort Janklow’s experience and wisdom sustained the enterprise. Jon Segal, my editor at Knopf, encouraged me to explore further when I thought I was finished. He was right, and his good judgment made this a far better book. Richard Butler offered not only his clear memories but also his friendship, which I cherish. Tom Graham has been both a friend and an inspiration. My friends Eduard and Eugenia Wolfson, who lived through the last days of the U.S.S.R., enlivened my research into those difficult years.
I benefited as well from interviews with David Albright, Hans Blix, Linton Brooks, Sid Drell, Bob Gallucci, Jim Goodby, Keith Hansen, Sig Hecker, David Kay, Jack Mulligan, Sam Nunn, Frank Pabian, Stanislav Shushkevich, Jessica Stern, Paul White, and Stephen Younger. My affiliation with Stanford’s Center for International Security and Cooperation and its codirectors, Sig Hecker and (in Scott Sagan’s absence) Lynn Eden, has been sustaining.
Thanking my wife, Dr. Ginger Rhodes, is far more than a formality. Ginger has worked with me on almost all my books. She’s the first to read every chapter, always with enthusiasm. For this final volume, as for many of my earlier books, she tracked down copyright holders and negotiated all the permissions. I respect, admire, and adore her. She, not thermonuclear fusion, makes the sun shine.
PERMISSIONS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Excerpts from James A. Baker III, The Politics of Diplomacy, copyright © 1995 by James A. Baker III. Used by permission of G. P. Putnam’s Sons, a division of Penguin Group (USA) Inc.
Excerpts from Christian Alfonsi, Circle in the Sand: Why We Went Back to Iraq, copyright © 2006, 2007 by Christian J. Alfonsi. Used by permission of Doubleday, a division of Random House, Inc.
Excerpts from Richard Butler, Fatal Choice: Nuclear Weapons and the Illusion of Missile Defense. Boulder, CO: Westview Press. Copyright © 2003 by Richard Butler. Reprinted by permission of Basic Books, a member of the Perseus Books Group.
Excerpts from Richard Butler, The Greatest Threat: Iraq, Weapons of Mass Destruction and the Crisis of Global Security. New York: Public Affairs. Copyright © 2001 by Richard Butler. Reprinted by permission of PublicAffairs, a member of the Perseus Books Group.
Excerpts from Terry L. Deibel, “The Death of a Treaty,” Foreign Affairs 81, September/October 2002, 142–161. Reprinted by permission of Foreign Affairs. Copyright © 2002 by the Council on Foreign Relations, Inc. www.ForeignAffairs.com.
Excerpts from Charles Duelfer, Hide & Seek: The Search for Truth in Iraq. New York: Public Affairs Press. Copyright © 2009 by Charles Duelfer. Reprinted by permission of PublicAffairs, a member of the Perseus Books Group.
Excerpts from Thomas Graham, Jr., Disarmament Sketches: Three Decades of Arms Control and International Law. Seattle: Institute for Global and Regional Security Studies, copyright © 2002 by University of Washington Press. Reprinted by permission of the University of Washington Press.
Excerpts from Joseph Wilson, The Politics of Truth: A Diplomat’s Memoir. New York: Public Affairs. Copyright © 2005 by Joseph Wilson. Reprinted by permission of PublicAffairs, a member of the Perseus Books Group.
Excerpts from Joel S. Wit, Daniel B. Poneman, and Robert L. Gallucci, Going Critical: The First North Korean Nuclear Crisis. Copyright © 2004 by The Br
ookings Institution. Reprinted by permission.
Excerpts from Marion Creekmore, Jr., A Moment of Crisis: Jimmy Carter, the Power of a Peacemaker, and North Korea’s Nuclear Ambitions. New York: Public Affairs. Copyright © 2006 by Marion Creekmore, Jr. Reprinted by permission.
Excerpts from Gil Elliot, Twentieth Century Book of the Dead. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons. Copyright © 1972 by Gil Elliot. Reprinted by permission of Gil Elliot.
Excerpts from Mark Hibbs, “South Africa’s Secret Nuclear Program: From a PNE to a Deterrent,” Nuclear Fuel 18, 3, copyright © 1993 by the McGraw-Hill Companies. Reprinted by permission.
Excerpt from “South Africa’s Secret Nuclear Program: From a PNE to a Deterrent” by Mark Hibbs (Nuclear Fuel, May 10, 1993). Reprinted by permission of The YGS Group.
ILLUSTRATION CREDITS
PHOTOGRAPHS
U.S. F-117A Stealth Fighter-Bomber: Photo courtesy of U.S. Army
Kuwaiti oil wells: UN photo by John Isaac
Coalition Soldiers: Photo courtesy of U.S. Air Force
Electromagnet: IAEA
Iraqi uranium enrichment facility: IAEA
Facility at Al Atheer: Action Team 1991–1998/IAEA
Bush, Yeltsin & Graham: Courtesy of Thomas Graham, Jr.
Khariton & Hecker: Los Alamos National Laboratory
FSU missile silos: U.S. State Department
South African bank vaults: Courtesy of Mungo Poore
South African bombs: Courtesy of Mungo Poore
Yongbyon nuclear reactor: Los Alamos National Laboratory
Carter & Kim Il Sung: Voice of America
Blix & El Baradei: Government of Australia
Evans & Butler: IAEA photo by Dean Calma
U.N. meeting: UN photo
Shakti-1 weapon: Government of India
Pakistan: Television screen image
Bush in schoolroom: Official White House photo by Eric Draper
World Trade Center: Courtesy of U.S. Coast Guard
Situation Room: Official White House photo