Table of Contents
The Naked Capitalist
Chapter One Who is Trying to Take Over the World?
Dr. Carroll Quigley Writes a Book on the World’s Secret Power Structure
Chapter Footnotes
Chapter Two Perhaps We Should Have Anticipated Just Such a Development
The Banker Families Develop a Vast Network to Control High Finance and the Affairs of Governments
Introducing Some Of the Major Banking Family Dynasties
Was This a Jewish Conspiracy? (a note by the reviewer)
The International Bankers Are Different From Ordinary Bankers
How the Centers Of Monetary Power Were Kept Secret
The Campaign to Keep Governments From Controlling Their Own Money Systems
The Rothschilds—One of the Oldest Banking Dynasties
The Private Bankers Decide to Set Up the Bank Of England As a Means of Creating Credit Out of Nothing
The Bank Of England Becomes the Secret Center Of Political Power
Concerning the Dynastic Powers Secretly Entrenched Behind British Financial Life
Similar Financial Dynasties Developed in the United States
Monopolistic Financial Structure of the American Dynasties
Chapter Footnotes
Chapter Three American Banking Families Decide to Organize a Federal Reserve System
Who Were These “Key Business Leaders?”
The First Attempt Fails
The Federal Reserve System Finally Becomes a Reality
But Who Controls the Federal Reserve System?
Chapter Footnotes
Chapter Four What are the Goals of the World’s Secret Power Manipulators?
Dr. Quigley’s Explanation of an Amazing Phenomenon
The Coming Of John Ruskin To Oxford
Who Was John Ruskin? (Reviewer’s note)
Ruskin Taught That the Ruling Class Of England Had a World Mission
Cecil Rhodes Caught the Vision Of a World-Wide Federation
Rhodes Launched a Long-Range Program To Federate the World
Rhodes Received Wide Support and Organized a Secret Society
The Original Structure of Rhodes’ Secret Society
The Perpetuation Of the Secret Society After Rhodes’ Death
The Secret Society Was Gradually Extended Into Other Countries
Forming Of the Council On Foreign Relations and the Institute Of Pacific Relations
How the Secret Society Gained Massive Influence in the British Government, the British Press and the British Universities
The Proposal to Have the Capital Of the World Federation in the United States
Rhodes-Milner Secret Society Extends Its Influence to the United States
J.P. Morgan, Rockefeller and Other Wealthy Americans Join the Rhodes Secret Society
Forming Of the British-American Secret Society Alliance
Implementing the American Branch Of the Secret Society
The Powerful New York Branch Of the Secret Society
Founding Of The New Republic Magazine
Walter Lippmann and The New Republic Magazine
Acquiring Influence Among Academic Institutions
The Secret Network Included Prominent New York Law Firms
Beginning Of the Network’s Power-structure In the American Press
How the Anglo-American Secret Society Penetrated All Levels Of British and American Society
Chapter Footnotes
Chapter Five How the Secret Society Formed a Coalition with the Communist-Socialist Conspiracy Groups
How the Secret Society Became the Main Support For the Communists
How the American Branch Of the Secret Society Barely Escaped Being Exposed
Rationale Behind the Support Of Communism
Lamont Represented Morgan In Various Communist Projects
The Lamonts Helped Set Up Communist Front Organizations
The Lamonts Defied the U.S. Government In Its Attempt to Expose Their Operations
Morgan-Rockefeller-Carnegie Foundations Operated Through the IPR to Push China Into the Communist Camp
How the IPR Acquired Control Of U.S. Policies In the Far East
Dr. Quigley Admits the Facts But Tries to Obscure the Devastating Consequences of Outright Betrayal
What Did Government Investigations Reveal Concerning IPR?
Dr. Quigley Says Anti-Communists Shoot Below the Real Target
How Jerome Greene Rose to Power in the London-New York Axis
Jerome Greene Is Identified As the Spider In the IPR Web
There Is a Conspiracy Bigger Than the Communist Conspiracy
Chapter Footnotes
Chapter Six The Council on Foreign Relations
Chapter Footnotes
Chapter Seven Tax-Exempt Foundations Involved in Weakening and Subverting the Constitutional and Ideological Fabric of the American Culture
Tax-Exempt Foundations Caught Red-Handed
How the Scandal Was Kept From Reaching the Public
The Scandalous Congressional Findings Were Not Shocking To Dr. Quigley
A Congressional Committee Verifies What Dr. Quigley Says Concerning the Power of Tax-Exempt Foundations
The Ford Foundation Receives Special Attention
McGeorge Bundy Becomes President of the Ford Foundation
Dr. Quigley’s Assessment of Certain Prominent People on the U.S. Scene
Chapter Footnotes
Chapter Eight The Subversion of American Education
Chapter Footnotes
Chapter Nine The Slow Awakening of the Slumbering Giant
Harry Hopkins Gives Atomic Secrets and Uranium To Russia
State Department Involved in Russian Take-over of Eastern Europe
State Department Involved in the Communist Conquest of China
State Department Official, Alger Hiss, Exposed as Soviet Spy
The Korean War, the Firing of MacArthur and the Jenner Committee Report
Chapter Footnotes
Chapter Ten The McCarthy Hearings
Joseph McCarthy Launches A One-Man Campaign
In 1953 McCarthy Becomes Chairman of His Own Committee
The Famous Zwicker Case
The Campaign To Censure McCarthy
Dr. Carroll Quigley on McCarthy
Chapter Footnotes
Chapter Eleven Prelude to a Showdown
The Reuther Memorandum
Washington’s Campaign To Stomp Out Conservative Educational Programs
The Kennedy Years
Chapter Footnotes
Chapter Twelve The 1964 Republican Convention and the Goldwater Campaign
Huntley-Brinkley Admit Goldwater Could Have Won
Dr. Quigley’s Amazing Reaction to the Goldwater Phenomenon
Dr. Quigley’s Opinion of Those Seeking to Preserve Traditional Americanism
Dr. Quigley Defines Petty Bourgeoisie
Quigley’s Theory That the Goldwater Campaign Was a Struggle Between the “Old Rich” and the “New Rich”
Quigley Feels Middle Class “Neo-Isolationist” Americans Can Always Be Beaten By Establishment Forces
Chapter Footnotes
Chapter Thirteen The Bilderberg Group—An Example of Dr. Quigley’s Global Establishment in Action
The Pugwash Conferences
Chapter Footnotes
Chapter Fourteen So Where Does All of This Leave Traditional Americans?
Pressure From the Top and Pressure From the Bottom
What Can Be Done About It?
Chapter Footnotes
Appendix A Betrayal of the Democratic Party
Patriotism Above Partisanship
A Government By Bureaucrats
The
1932 Platform
Economy in Government
The Unbalanced Budget
The Middle Class Will Pay the Debt
What About States’ Rights?
Unconstitutional Measure—Unfulfilled Pledges
Wasteful Extravagance
Democratic Or Socialistic?
“We Can Take a Walk”
Constitutional Limitations
Chorus of Yes-men in Congress
Suggested Remedies
Washington Or Moscow
Appendix B Socialist Norman Thomas Claims Great Victories for Socialism Under Both Democrats and Republicans
Chapter Footnotes
The Naked Capitalist
A Review and Commentary on Dr. Carroll Quigley’s Book:
Tragedy and Hope—A History of the World in Our Time
Reviewed by W. Cleon Skousen
(C) Copyright 1970 by W. Cleon Skousen
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
No part of this work may be copied or reproduced in any form
without prior written permission from the author or publisher.
THIS ELECTRONIC VERSION (corrected and updated from the original) is
(C) Copyright 1994, 1998, 2008 by Verity Publishing, Inc. All rights reserved.
www.veritypublishing.com
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Dr. Carroll Quigley’s book, Tragedy and Hope—A History of the World in Our Time, was published by The Macmillan Company, New York, and Collier-Macmillan Limited, London. The first printing of this 1,300 page volume was in 1966, price, $12.50.
Dr. Quigley is currently professor of history at the Foreign Service School of Georgetown University in Washington, D.C. He formerly taught at Harvard and Princeton and has done special research in the archives of France, Italy and England. He is the author of the college textbook, Evolution of Civilizations, and serves on the editorial board of the monthly publication, Current History.
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Why?
Why do some of the richest people in the world support communism and socialism? Why would they support what appears to be the pathway to their own destruction? Dr. Carroll Quigley of Harvard, Princeton and Georgetown universities states that he has been associated with many of these dynastic families of the super-rich. He therefore writes as an authority on the world’s secret power structure. His answers to the above questions may astonish you.
Chapter One
Who is Trying to Take Over the World?
“I think the Communist conspiracy is merely a branch of a much bigger conspiracy!”
Dr. Bella Dodd
The above statement was made to this reviewer several years ago by Dr. Bella Dodd, a former member of the National Committee of the U.S. Communist Party.
Perhaps this is an appropriate introduction to a review of Dr. Carroll Quigley’s book, Tragedy And Hope.
Dr. Dodd said she first became aware of some mysterious super-leadership right after World War II when the U.S. Communist Party had difficulty getting instructions from Moscow on several vital matters requiring immediate attention. The American Communist hierarchy was told that any time they had an emergency of this kind they should contact any one of three designated persons at the Waldorf Towers. Dr. Dodd noted that whenever the Party obtained instructions from any of these three men, Moscow always ratified them.
What puzzled Dr. Dodd was the fact that not one of these three contacts was a Russian. Nor were any of them Communists. In fact, all three were extremely wealthy American capitalists!
Dr. Dodd said, “I would certainly like to find out who is really running things.”
This reviewer had also observed a number of strange developments which seemed to point to a conspiratorial control center higher and stronger than either Moscow or Beijing. For example, when Harry Dexter White (Under-Secretary of the U.S. Treasury during World War II) was discovered by the FBI to be a Soviet agent, the White House was immediately informed. But instead of being fired or arrested, Harry Dexter White was appointed as the new Executive Director of the U.S. Mission to the International Monetary Fund of the United Nations. He was also given a substantial increase in salary. J. Edgar Hoover was amazed. Attorney General Herbert Brownell, Jr. stated publicly that President Truman knew White was a Soviet spy when he made the appointment.1
Why would men in charge of the world’s massive financial problems want an exposed Soviet agent such as Harry Dexter White to occupy such a highly important position in the World Bank? And why in the name of common sense would the President of the United States approve of such a thing? I heard both Congressmen and intelligence officers quizzically exclaiming, “What’s going on?”
It was not long after this that the former chairman of the Federal Reserve Board began advocating economic aid and comfort to Communist China. His speech was all the more shocking because the American people had just been jolted by a Congressional hearing in which it had been shown with sworn testimony that the U.S. State Department had either recklessly allowed or deliberately propelled six hundred million Chinese allies into the grip of the Communist Chinese leaders. Nevertheless, here was this American capitalist (and former chairman of the Federal Reserve Board) telling a large meeting (where the reviewer was present) that the United States should immediately undertake extensive trade with Red China. Said he, “We never fight the people we trade with.” I thought to myself, “Well, we certainly had to fight Japan in spite of all the oil and scrap iron we sold her just before World War II.” It did not seem possible that this famous international banker would have forgotten such an elementary lesson so quickly.
A couple of years later, while visiting Central and South America, I noticed that certain well-known American banks were extremely powerful in controlling the politics and economic affairs of many Latin American countries. But what was baffling about it was the fact that the political regimes which these American banks supported were often virtual dictators who promoted socialism and engaged in the confiscation of privately-owned industries, including American industries. Many of these bank-sponsored regimes were also openly pro-Communist.
While visiting Paraguay, I asked a man I had known for several years and who was manager of the principal American bank in Paraguay, why his bank supported a dictatorship. “Stability,” he replied. “These developing countries need stability.” Yet I noticed that this dictator was wiping out wealth-producing industries operating under private enterprise and placing everything under government ownership or tight socialist control.
Why was an American-owned bank financing a hard-core socialist regime? Wherever I had friends who knew the inside story in Latin American political circles, they verified the fact that the massive swing to the Left in Central and South America was being financed by certain American banks. It just didn’t make sense.
Politics in Washington were equally puzzling. Why were so many top government officials always members of the Democratic Socialist cadre called Americans for Democratic Action (ADA), or were members of the exclusive Council on Foreign Relations? Whether the President was Roosevelt, Truman, Eisenhower, Kennedy, Johnson or Nixon, it seemed to make no difference. There was often a change of personalities, but membership in these two organizations seemed a prerequisite for many top government jobs.
Another puzzle was the fact that whenever the political blunders of these high-powered people aroused the anger of the public, they were not only allowed to quietly resign, but were given extremely lucrative outside jobs, usually in one of the tax-exempt foundations. It didn’t look like government “of the people” but government by certain people.
I was reminded of the words of Benjamin Disraeli: “The world is governed by very different personages from what is imagined by those who are not behind the scenes.” I began to wonder if there might not be something to the British Intelligence Digest reports which claimed that there is a small but powerful control group behind the scenes which is extremely influent
ial in manipulating world events. The Digest seemed to have inside contacts with this group and therefore avoided identifying them by name. It simply referred to the control center as “Force X.”
Professional investigators of criminal conspiracies will tell you that no matter how carefully these conspiracies are organized, they do not remain secret for long because eventually somebody on the inside becomes dissatisfied or abused and goes to the authorities with facts which can be independently verified. Political conspiracies also have a way of reaching the public, because someone on the inside is willing to tell the story. I have waited for thirty years for somebody on the inside of the modern political power structure to talk. At last, somebody has.
Dr. Carroll Quigley Writes a Book on the World’s Secret Power Structure
Dr. Carroll Quigley is a professor of history at the Foreign Service School of Georgetown University. He formerly taught at Princeton and Harvard. He has done research in the archives of France, Italy and England. He is the author of the widely known text, Evolution of Civilizations.
When Dr. Quigley decided to write his 1,300 page book called Tragedy And Hope, he knew he was deliberately exposing one of the best kept secrets in the world. As one of the elite “insiders,” he knew the scope of this power complex and he knew that its leaders hope to eventually attain total global control. Furthermore, Dr. Quigley makes it clear throughout his book that by and large he warmly supports the goals and purposes of the “network.” But if that is the case, why would he want to expose this world-wide conspiracy and disclose many of its most secret operations? Obviously, disclosing the existence of a mammoth power network which is trying to take over the world could not help but arouse the vigorous resistance of the millions of people who are its intended victims. So why did Dr. Quigley write this book?
His answer appears in a number of places but is especially forceful and clear on pages 979-980. He says, in effect, that it is now too late for the little people to turn back the tide. In a spirit of kindness he is therefore urging them not to fight the noose which is already around their necks. He feels certain that those who do will only choke themselves to death. On the other hand, those who go along with the immense pressure which is beginning to be felt by all humanity will eventually find themselves in a man-made millennium of peace and prosperity. All through his book, Dr. Quigley assures us that we can trust these benevolent, well-meaning men who are secretly operating behind the scenes. They are the hope of the world. All who resist them represent tragedy. Hence, the title for his book.