62. Grote, III, 155-6; Sumner, W. G., Folkways, Boston, 1906, 351.
63. Athenaeus, xiii, 2.
64. Plutarch, “Numa and Lycurgus Compared.”
65. Aristotle, Politics, 1270a; Grote, III, 1537; BrifFault, R., Mothers, N. Y., I, 399.
66. Plutarch, “Lycurgus”; Glotz, Ancient Greece, 89.
67. Athenaeus, xii, 74.
68. Plutarch, l.c.
69. Grote, III, 131, IX, 298; Rawlinson’s Herodotus, iii, 148n, calls the roll of Spartan venality.
70. Herodotus, iii, 148.
71. Grote, III, 132, 158.
72. Plutarch, “Pelopidas.”
73. E.g., Herodotus, i, 82.
74. Ibid., vii, 104.
75. Xenophon, “Constitution of the Lacedaemonians,” in Minor Works, London, 1914, i, 1.
76. Pausanias, v, 1.
77. Ibid., vii, 21.
78. Frazer, Sir J., Studies in Greek Scenery, Legend, and History, London, 1931, 224-5.
79. Pausanias, ii, 1; Glotz, Ancient Greece, 116.
80. Strabo, viii, 6.21.
81. Iliad, ii, 570.
82. Aristotle (?), Economics, Loeb Library, ii, 2.
83. Aristotle, Politics, 1315b.
84. Enc. Brit., XVI, 616. Others attribute the first Corinthian coinage to Cypselus; cf. CAH, III, 552.
85. Glotz, Greek City, 113, Ancient Greece, 86; Weigall, Sappho, 46.
86. Plutarch, Moralia, Loeb Library, 147D.
87. Herodotus, iii, 50-3; Diogenes Laertius, Lives and Opinions of the Eminent Philosophers, London, 1853, “Periander.”
88. Aristophanes, The Eleven Comedies, N. Y., 1908, Frogs, 133; Lacroix, I, 110.
89. Pindar, Odes, Loeb Library, Frag. 122.
90. Strabo, viii, 6.20.
91. Athenaeus, xiii, 32.
92. Ibid., 33.
93. St. Paul, I Cor. vi, 15-18.
94. Semple, 669.
95. Pausanias, vi, 17-19; Litchfield, F., History of Furniture, Boston, 1922, 13.
96. CAH, III, 554.
97. Glotz, Greek City, 113.
98. Grote, III, 264-5.
99. Theognis, 237, in Dickinson, G. L., Greek View of Life, N. Y., 1928, 186.
100. Theognis in Hesiod, Callimachus, and Theognis, Works, 444-5.
101. Ibid., 448, 11. 373f.
102. Ibid., 11. 349f
103. Symonds, 161.
104. Botsford, G. W., and Sihler,. E. G., Hellenic Civilization, N. Y., 1920, 198-9; Coulanges, 369.
105. Symonds, 162.
106. Theognis in Hesiod, etc., 442.
107. Ibid., 470-1, 447-8, 489-90.
108. 479-81.
109. 477, 491-2.
110. 454-5.
111. Ridgeway, 33.
112. Calhoun, 30 1; Semple, 669.
113. Pausanias, ii, 26.
114. Pindar, Pythian iii, 47-58.
115. Gardner, E. A., Ancient Athens, N. Y., 1902, 431.
CHAPTER V
1. Strabo, viii, 6.21; ix, 2.25.
2. Pausanias, ix, 31.
3. Mahaffy, Greek Literature, I, 117.
4. Enc. Brit., XI, 529.
5. Hesiod, Works and Days, 640.
6. Ibid., 655.
7. Gardiner, E. N., Athletics, 30.
8. Pausanias, ix, 31; cf. Mahaffy, Greek Literature, I, 125; CAH, IV, 474; Grote, I, 12.
9. Hesiod, Theogony, 1-6.
10. Ibid., 120f.
11. Nilsson, 185-6.
12. Theogony, 166f.
13. Ibid., 735f.
14. Works and Days, 285.
15. Ibid., 286f.
16. 504f.
17. 54f.
18. Theogony, 585f.
19. Works and Days, 695f.
20. Ibid., 109f.
21. Mahaffy, Social Life, 72.
22. Mahaffy, Greek Literature, 54.
23. Diodorus, xvi, 28; Frazer, Studies, 374-5.
24. Pope, A., Essay on Man.
25. Bury, 95; CAH, III, 619. Others (Murray, Epic, 43, and Enc. Brit., XII, 575) derive the Graii from Epirus.
26. Cicero, De Fato, 7.
27. Baedeker, xxvii; Zimmern, A., Greek Commonwealth, Oxford, 1924, 38.
28. Hippocrates, Works, Loeb Library, Introductory Essay I to Vol. II, by W. H. S. Jones; cf. Jones, W. H. S., Malaria and Greek History, Manchester U. P., 1909.
29. Isocrates, Works, Loeb Library, Panegyricus, 24.
30. Ridder, 122.
31. Grote, III, 270-4; Vinogradoff, Paul, Outlines of Historical Jurisprudence, Oxford, 1922, II, 85-6.
32. Frazer, Studies, 58-9.
33. Aristophanes, I, 196, editor’s note.
34. Baedeker, 104.
35. CAH, III, 579-80.
36. Aristotle, Constitution of Athens, London, 1891, sect. 57; Grote, III,’290; Coulanges, 331.
37. Meyer, Ed., in Zimmern, 396.
38. Aristotle, Constitution, 2, says that these “sixth-sharers” paid one-sixth of their product to the owner, and Plutarch (“Solon”) follows him; but recent scholarship inclines to believe that the sixth part was the amount kept, not paid. Cf. Bury, 174; Glotz, Greek City, 102.
39. Botsford, Athenian Constitution, 141.
40. Aristotle, Constitution, 2.
41. Glotz, Ancient Greece, 61, 80, Greek City, 102.
42. Glotz, Ancient Greece, 71.
43. CAH, IV, 33.
44. Ibid.
45. Grote, III, 293-4; Coulanges, 418.
46. Plutarch, “Solon.”
47. Botsford, Constitution, 143.
48. Pöhlmann, 158; Glotz, Ancient Greece, 71.
49. Glotz, Greek City, 119.
50. Plutarch, Amatorius, 751c, in Linforth, I. M., Solon the Athenian, Berkeley, Cal., 1919, 156-7.
51. Diog. L., “Solon,” ii.
52. Plutarch, “Solon.”
53. Diog. L., “Solon,” ix.
54. Aristotle, Constitution, 5; Grote, III, 313; Botsford, 158.
55. Aristotle, 6, 12.
56. CAH, IV, 38.
57. Aristotle, 6.
58. Plutarch, “Solon.”
59. Grote, III, 319.
60. Aristotle, 10.
61. Plutarch, l.c.
62. Grote, III, 316; Mahaffy, What Have the Greeks Done for Civilization?, 186.
63. CAH, IV, 134; Bury, 183.
64. Plutarch, I.c.
65. Aristotle, 12; Grote, III, 331-2.
66. Plutarch, I.c.
67. Ibid.; Aristotle, 9.
68. Coulanges, 420; CAH, IV, 43; Grote, II, 350.
69. Plutarch, l.c.
70. Diog. L., “Solon,” vii.
71. Athenaeus, xiii, 25; Lacroix, I, 68-70; Bebel, A., Woman under Socialism, N. Y., 1923, 35.
72. Plutarch, I.c.; Grote, III, 351; Tucker, T. G., Life in Ancient Athens, Chautauqua, N. Y., 1917, 159.
73. Plutarch.
74. Ibid.
75. Diog. L., “Solon,” xvi.
76. Grote, III, 344.
77. Diog. L., l.c.
78. Enc. Brit., XX, 955.
79. Herodotus, i, 29.
80. Plato, Amatores, 133, in Linforth, 130.
81. Herodotus, i, 30.
82. Plutarch, l.c.
83. Diog. L., “Solon,” iii.
84. Diodorus, ix, 20.
85. Herodotus, i, 60; Athenaeus, xiii, 89.
86. Aristotle, Constitution, 16.
87. Glotz, Greek City, 121.
88. Calhoun, 29.
89. Aristotle, Politics, 1310a.
90. Thucydides, vi, 19.
91. Athenaeus, xiii, 70; Lacroix, I, 153.
92. Aristotle, Politics, 1300b.
CHAPTER VI
1. Pater, W., Plato and Platonism, London, 1910, 246.
2. Thucydides, i, 1.
3. CAH, II, 558.
4. Strabo, x, 5.6; Plutarch, Moralia, Loeb Library, 249D.
5. Lyra Graeca, II, 639.
6. Aristophanes, Peace, 695.
7. Cicero, D
e Oratione, ii, 86, in Lyra Graeca, II, 306.
8. Lyra Graeca, II, 257.
9. Ibid., III, 297, 339; tr. J. A. Symonds, Greek Poets, 155, 167.
10. Cicero, De Natura Deorum, Loeb Library, i, 22.
11. Thucydides, iii, 103.
12. Glotz, Ancient Greece, 113.
13. Botsford and Sihler, 188.
14. Carroll, 99.
15. CAH, IV, 483.
16. Symonds, 169.
17. Herodotus, iii, 57.
18. Ovid, Metamorphoses, Loeb Library, x, 243.
19. Herodotus, i, 142.
20. Ibid., i, 146.
21. Ibid., i, 170; Diog. L., “Thales.”
22. Aristotle, Poetics, Loeb Library, 1259a.
23. Diog. L., “Thales,” iii-viii; Plutarch, “Solon.”
24. Heath, Greek Mathematics, I, 130; Ueberweg, F., History of Philosophy, N. Y., 1871, 1, 34-5.
25. Heath, I, 137; Herodotus, i, 74.
26. Aristotle, Metaphysics, tr. M’Mahon. London, 1857, i, 3.
27. Ibid.
28. Diog. L., “Thales,” iii.
29. Ibid., “Thales,” viii.
30. Ibid.
31. Ibid., “Thales,” xii.
32. Strabo, xiv, 4.7.
33. Spencer, First Principles of a New System of Philosophy, N. Y., 1910, 367.
34. Bakewell, 5.
35. Heath, II, 38; Grote, V, 94.
36. Bakewell, 6.
37. Aristotle, Metaphysics, i, 3; Bakewell, 7; CAH, IV, 554.
38. Athenaeus, xii, 26, xiii, 29, xiv, 20.
39. Ibid., xii, 26.
40. Diog. L., “Bias,” i-iv.
41. CAH, IV, 92-3.
42. Herodotus, ii, 134.
43. Plutarch, Moralia, 16C.
44. Leslie, Shane, Greek Anthology, N. Y., 1929, x, 123.
45. Pfuhl, Ernst, Masterpieces of Greek Drawing and Painting, London, 1926, Fig. 79.
46. Sarton, Geo., Introduction to the History of Science, Baltimore, 1930, 1, 75.
47. Pausanias, viii, 14; Glotz, Ancient Greece, 132; Jones, H. Stuart, Ancient Writings on Greek Sculpture, London, 1895, 24-5.
48. Ridder, 174.
49. Pliny, xxxv, 46.
50. Ibid., xxxvi, 21.
51. Athenaeus, xii, 29.
52. Carroll, 102.
53. Frag. 78 in Herodes, Cercidas, and the Greek Choliambic Poets, Loeb Library, 55.
54. Diog. L. in Heracleitus, On the Universe, Loeb Library, 464.
55. Cf. Mahaffy, What Have the Greeks?, 219.
56. Bakewell, 33.
57. Nietzsche, F., Early Greek Philosophy, N. Y., 1911, 103-4.
58. Diog. L., “Heracleitus,” v.
59. Strabo, xiv, 1.28; Weigall, Sappho, 155; Webster’s Dictionary, s.v. colophon.
60. Weigall, 186; Symonds, 150.
61. Tr. in Harrison, Prolegomena, 173.
62. Lyra Graeca, III, 636, II, 126, 131.
63. Athenaeus, x, 33.
64. Lyra Graeca, II, 125, 139.
65. Ibid., 145, frag. 15.
66. Greek (Palatine) Anthology, vii, 24.
67. Diodorus, xx, 84.
68. Herodotus, viii, 105; Glotz, Ancient Greece, 85.
69. Athenaeus, vi, 88-90; Ward, C. O., Ancient Lowly, Chicago, 1907, I, 123f.
70. Eratosthenes in Grote, II, 159.
71. Lyra Graeca, I, 333; Athenaeus, xiv, 23.
72. Tr. by Symonds, 197.
73. Stobaeus, Anthology, xxix, 58, in Lyra Graeca, I, 141.
74. Greek Anthology, ix, 506.
75. Strabo, xiii, 2.3.
76. Ovid, Heroides, Loeb Library, xv, 31; scholiast on Lucian, Imag., 18, in Lyra Graeca, I, 160.
77. Weigall, Sappho, 76.
78. Ibid., 175.
79. Symonds, 196.
80. Weigall, 86.
81. Lyra Graeca, I, 437.
82. Athenaeus, xii, 69.
83. Weigall, 119.
84. Longinus, On the Sublime, Loeb Library, ix, 15.
85. Berliner Klassikertexte, p. 9722, in Lyra Graeca, I, 239.
86. Murray, Greek Literature, 92; Weigall, 173, 90; Robinson, D. M., Sappho and Her Influence, Boston, 1924, 58.
87. Mahaffy, Greek Literature, I, 202.
88. Weigall, 321.
89. Suidas, Lexicon, s.v., Phaon, in Lyra Graeca, I, 153; Strabo, x, 2.8.
90. Ovid, Heroides, xv.
91. Oxyrhynchus Papyrus 1231, in Weigall, 291.
92. Lyra Graeca, I, 435.
93. Athenaeus, xiii, 89.
94. Strabo, xii, 3.11.
95. Ramsay, Asianic Elements, 118.
96. Diodorus, iv, 49.
97. Polybius, iv, 38.
98. Semple, 72-3, 214.
99. Murray, Greek Literature, 86.
CHAPTER VII
1. Pausanias, iii, 23.
2. Ludwig, 266; Cook, Zeus, 776.
3. Schliemann, Ilios, 41.
4. Strabo, x, 2.9.
5. Journal of Hellenic Studies, LVI, 170–89, London, 1882f.
6. Grote, IV, 150-1.
7. Mahaffy, Greek Literature, I, 97-8; J. H. Studies, LV, 138.
8. Randall-Maclver, D., Greek Cities in Italy and Sicily, Oxford, 1931, 75; CAH, III, 676.
9. Diodorus, iii, 9.
10. Athenaeus, xii, 20.
11. Ibid., xii, 15, 17.
12. Ibid., 58.
13. Herodotus, vi, 127.
15. Grote, IV, 168.
16. Athenaeus, xii, 19.
17. Diog. L., “Pythagoras,” ix.
18. Enc. Brit., XVIII, 802.
19. Diog. L., “Pythagoras,” i-iii, xvii; Heath, Greek Math., 1, 4.
20. Cicero, De Finibus, Loeb Library, v, 29, 87; Diodorus, i, 98.
21. Cicero, Tusculan Disputations, Loeb Library, i, 16; De Re Publica, Loeb Library, ii, 15.
22. Carroll, 299, 307, 310.
23. Diog. L., “Pythagoras,” viii.
24. Ibid., “Pythagoras,” xix, vii, xviii; Grote, V, 103.
25. Diog. L., “Pythagoras,” xix.
26. Ibid., “Pyth.,” xviii.
27. Grote, V, 100-1.
28. Diog. L., “Pyth.,” xxii; Cook, Zeus, 1.
29. Diog. L., “Pyth.,” viii.
30. Heath, I, 10.
31. Proclus, in Heath, I, 141.
32. Diog. L., “Pyth.,” xi.
33. Whibley, 229.
34. Heath, I, 70, 85, 145.
35. Whewell, W., History of the Inductive Sciences, N. Y., 1859, I, 106; Oxford History of Music, Oxford U. P., 1929, Introductory Volume, 3.
36. Aristotle, Works, ed. Smith and Ross, Oxford, 1931, De Coelo, ii, 9; Metaphysics, i, 5; Oxford History of Music, 27; Heath, I, 165, II, 107.
37. Heath, II, 65, 119; Berry, A., Short History of Astronomy, N. Y., 1909, 24.
38. Diog. L., “Pyth.,” xxv.
39. Ibid., 9, Introd., xviii.
40. Livingstone, R. W., Legacy of Greece, Oxford, 1924, 59.
41. Diog. L., “Pyth.,” xix.
42. Ibid.
43. Rohde, Erwin, Psyche, N. Y., 1925, 375; Pater, Plato, 54.
44. Greek Anthology, vii, 120.
45. Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics, v, 8.
46. Diog. L., “Pyth.,” xxi.
47. Grote, IV, 154-8; CAH, IV, 115-6.
48. Frag. 24 in Whibley, 89.
49. Heath, II, 52; Mahaffy, Greek Lit., I, 138.
50. Frag. 7 in Bakewell, 9.
51. Frags. 14-5, 5-7, 1-3, in Bakewell, 8.
52. Diog. L., “Xenophanes,” iii.
53. Frags. 9–10.
54. Bakewell, 10-11.
55. Warren, Foundations, 241; but Koldewey (ibid.) places it about 450.
56. Randall-Maclver, 9-10.
57. Childe, V. G., Dawn of European Civilization, N. Y., 1925, 93-100.
58. Thucydides, vi, 18; Diodorus, v, 2.
59. Grote, IV, 149.
60. Freeman, E. A., Story of Sicily, N. Y., 1892, 65.
61
. Ibid.
62. Polybius, xii, 25.
63. Ibid., ix, 27.
64. Ibid., v, 2.
65. Herodotus, vii, 156.
66. Lucian, Works, tr. H. W. and F. G. Fowler, Oxford, 1905, “Hermotimus,” 34.
67. Glotz, Ancient Greece, 116; Draper, J. W., History of the Intellectual Development of Europe, N. Y., 1876, 1, 52.
CHAPTER VIII
1. In CAH, II, 610.
2. Cf. Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus, 1470; Cook, Zeus, passim.
3. Iliad, iii, 277.
4. Frazer, Magic Art, I, 315.
5. Murray, G., Five Stages of Greek Religion, Oxford U. P., 1930, 50.
6. Nilsson, 91; Farnell, Greece and Babylon, 228.
7. Nilsson, 91-2; Heracleitus in Bakewell,. 29.
8. Murray, G., Aristophanes: A Study, N. Y., 1933, 6.
9. Harrison, Jane, Prolegomena, 293; Glotz, Aegean Civilization, 391-2; Briffault, Mothers, III, 145.
10. Murray, Five Stages, 35-6; Reinach, S., Orpheus, 86; Frazer, Sir J., Spirits of the Corn and of the Wild, N. Y., 1935, I, 4.
11. Whibley, 387.
12. Murray, Five Stages, 31.
13. Ibid., 29, 33; Harrison, Prolegomena, pp. viii and 28.
15. Harrison, 18.
16. Rodenwaldt, 315.
17. Sophocles, Philoctetes, 1327-9; Harrison, 297f.
18. Ibid., 325.
19. Rohde, 159.
20. Nilsson, 123.
21. Rohde, 297.
22. Ibid., 172.
23. Seymour, 98; Odyssey, i, 65f; Iliad, iv, 14f.
24. Ibid., viii, 17-27.
25. Semple, 529.
26. Iliad, xvi, 651f.
27. Hesiod, Theogony, 887f
28. Iliad, xv, 17.
29. Frazer, Magic Art, I, 14-15.
30. Iliad, viii, 330f.
31. Ibid., xx, 46, xxi, 406.
32. Smith, Wm., Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, Boston, 1859, 603.
33. CAH, II, 637; Glotz, Ancient Greece, 112; Blakeney, M. A., ed., Smaller Classical Dictionary, Everyman Library, 258.
34. CAH, l.e.
35. Diodorus, iv, 6.
36. Athenaeus, xii, 80.
37. Gardner, P., New Chapters, 157.
38. Frazer, Sir J., Adonis, Attis, Osiris, N. Y., 1935, 226; Gardner, New Chapters, 157.
39. Semple, 43-4.
40. In Symonds, 204.
41. Diodorus, iii, 62.
42. Herodotus, ii, 49-57.
43. Nilsson, 86; CAH, IV, 527.
44. Ibid., 535.
45. Rohde, 220; Gardner, New Chapters, 385.
46. Diodorus, iv, 25.
47. Harrison, Prolegomena, 465.
48. Reinach, 88; CAH, IV, 536-8; Harrison, 432; Murray, Greek Literature, 65; Carpenter, Edw., Pagan and Christian Creeds, N. Y., 1920, 64.
49. Harrison, p. xi.
50. Ibid., 588; Nilsson, 221; Rohde, 344.