Staël, Madame de, Réflexions sur le Procès de la Reine, par Une Femme, ed. Monique Cottret, Montpellier, 1994

  Stafsundarchive, AVF (1755–1810), National Archive, Stockholm

  [Stryiénski] Stryiénski, Casimir, La Mère des Trois Derniers Bourbons: Marie-Josèphe de Saxe et la cour de Louis XV, 1902

  Stryiénski, Casimir, Mesdames de France: filles de Louis XV, documents inédits, 3rd edn, 1911

  Swain, Virginia E., “Hidden from View: French women authors and the language of rights, 1727–1792”: see Rand

  Swinburne, Henry, The Courts of Europe at the Close of the Last Century, 2 vols., 1895

  [Tarante] Souvenirs de la Princesse de Tarante, 1789–1792, 1901

  Thomas, Chantal, La Reine scélérate: Marie-Antoinette dans les pamphlets, 1989

  Thomas More Journal, ed. Wilfred S. Dowden, Associated University Press, Texas, 6 vols., 1983–1991

  Thompson, J. W., ed., English Witnesses of the French Revolution, Oxford, 1938

  [Thrale] The French Revolution of Mrs. Thrale and Dr. Johnson, ed. Moses Tyson & Henry Guppy, Manchester, 1932

  [Tilly] Memoirs of the Comte Alexandre de Tilly, introd. Havelock Ellis, 1933

  Tillyard, Stella, Aristocrats: Caroline, Emily, Louisa and Sarah Lennox 1740–1832, pbk, 1995

  [Tourzel] Mémoires de Madame la Duchesse de Tourzel, Gouvernante des Enfants de France de 1789 à 1795, 1986

  [Turgy] “Relation de Turgy: garçon servant au Temple (10 août 1792–13 octobre 1793)”: see Lenotre

  Tussaud, Madame, Memoirs and Reminiscences of France, ed. François Hervé, 1838

  [Valory] “Précis Historique par le Comte de Valory (François-Florent)”: see Bouillé

  [Vergennes] Louis XVI and the Comte de Vergennes: correspondence 1774–1787, ed. John Hardman and Munro Price, Voltaire Foundation, Oxford, 19[Véri] Journal de l’Abbé Véri, introd. & notes Baron Jehan de Witte, preface Pierre de Nolhac, 2 vols., 1928–30

  Verlet, Pierre, French Royal Furniture, New York, 1963

  [Versailles 1955] Château de Versailles: “Marie-Antoinette, Archiduchesse, Dauphine et Reine: 16 mai–2 novembre, 1955,” ed. Mlle. Marguerite Jallut, Conservateur au Musée de Versailles, Éditions des Musées Nationaux, 1955

  Vigée Le Brun, Madame, Souvenirs, 3rd revised edn, New York, 1880

  Vocelka, Karl, Die Privat Weld des Habsburger: Leben und Alltag einer Familie, Styria, 1998

  [Vuaflart I] Vuaflart, Albert & Bourin, Henri, Les Portraits de Marie-Antoinette; I, L’Archiduchesse, 1909

  [Vuaflart II] Vuaflart, Albert & Bourin, Henri, Les Portraits de Marie-Antoinette; II, La Dauphine, 1910

  Wachter, Friederike, “Die Erziehung der Kinder Maria Theresias,” dissertation, Vienna, 1968

  [Walpole] Letters of Horace Walpole, selected by W. S. Lewis, introd. R. W. Ketton-Cremer, 1951

  Walter, Gérard, ed., Le procès de Marie-Antoinette: 23–25 vendémiaire an II (14–16 octobre 1793), Actes de tribunal révolutionnaire, 1993

  Walter, Gérard, Le Comte de Provence, 1950

  Walter, Gérard, Marat, 1933

  Walzer, Michael, ed., Regicide and Revolution: speeches at the trial of Louis XVI, Cambridge, UK, 1974

  Wangermann, E., “Maria Theresa: a reforming monarchy”: see Dickens

  Weber, Joseph, Mémoires concernant Marie Antoinette Archiduchesse d’Autriche, Reine de France . . ., 3 vols., 1804

  Webster, Nesta H., Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette: during the Revolution, 1937

  Weston, Stephen, Letters from Paris during the Summer of 1791, 1792

  Weston, Stephen, Letters from Paris during the Summer of 1792, with Reflections, 1793

  Wheatcroft, Andrew, The Habsburgs, 1995

  Wilberforce, R. I. & S., The Life of William Wilberforce, I, 1838

  Wormser, Olga, Marie-Thérèse, Impératrice, 1961

  Wraxall, N. W., Memoirs of the Courts of Berlin, Dresden, Warsaw and Vienna in the Years 1777, 1778 and 1779, 2 vols., 1799

  Yalom, Marilyn, Blood Sisters: the French Revolution in women’s memory, New York, 1993

  Young, Arthur, Travels in France and Italy during the Years 1787, 1788 and 1789, introd. Thomas Okey, New York [n.d.]

  Younghusband, Lady, Marie-Antoinette: her early youth (1770–1774), 1912

  Zeepvat, Charlotte, “Phoenix on the Neva,” Royalty Digest, August 1999

  Zweig, Stefan, Marie Antoinette: the portrait of an average woman, trans. Eden & Cedar Paul, New York, 1933

  Zweig MSS, British Library

  INDEX

  *The following items may be used as a guide to search for information in this eBook.

  Adélaïde, Madame (Louis XV’s daughter): names MA l’Autrichienne; appearance; formal address; wishes to accompany MA to Paris (1772); leaves for Rome; uncompromising attitude to new ways; on MA’s death

  Adhémar, Comte d’

  Adieux de la Reine à ses Mignons et Mignonnes (pamphlet)

  Agoult, Vicomte d’

  Aiguillon, Emmanuel Armand, Duc d’

  Aiguillon, Louise Félicité, Duchesse d’

  Aix-la-Chapelle, Peace of (1748)

  Albert, Prince of Saxe-Teschen: marries Marie Christine; rivalry with Durfort; MA allowed to write to; visits Versailles; in Belgium; exiled

  Alexandra, Empress of Nicholas II of Russia

  Alsace: risings (1789)

  Amalia, Archduchess of Austria (MA’s sister): marriage prospects; place in family; character; at brother Joseph’s wedding; mother’s advice to on marriage; departure on marriage; wedding; breach with mother; political intrigues

  Amelia, Princess of Saxony

  Amélie, Queen of the French (Maria Carolina’s daughter)

  American Revolution; see also United States of America

  Ami du Peuple, L’ (newspaper)

  Ami du Roi, L’ (newspaper)

  Andouins, Captain d’

  Angoulême, Duchesse d’ see Marie Thérèse Charlotte (MA’s daughter)

  Angoulême, Louis Antoine de Bourbon, Duc d’

  Anne of Austria, Regent of France

  Anti-Fédéraliste, L’ (newspaper)

  Antwerp

  Aquitaine, Duc d’

  Aranda, Pedro Abarca y Bolea, Count d’

  Armand, Comte de

  Arnould, Sophie

  Artois, Charles, Comte d’ (Louis XVI’s brother; later King Charles X): MA meets; character; in dance dispute; marriage; and death of Louis XV; relations with MA; extravagance; amateur theatricals; at MA’s childbirth; as proxy for Joseph at MA’s child’s christening; signs Mémoire des Princes; accused of controlling flour; hardline views; flees France; supports MA’s moving to Metz; influence on Madame Elisabeth; counter-revolutionary plans; as prospective Regent; Leopold prevents from taking military action; militancy; Jarjayes attempts to influence; present at Pillnitz; MA communicates with from Temple; displaced by Louis Philippe; ascends throne

  Artois, Thérèse of Savoy, Comtesse d’: marriage; at court of Versailles; prospective pregnancy; appearance; sexual activities with husband; pregnancies and children; satirized; flees France; death

  Assembly of Notables

  Atkyns, Charlotte, Lady

  Audrein, Abbé

  Aufresne (French actor)

  Augeard, J.M.

  Auguié, Madame Adélaïde (Madame Campan’s sister)

  Augusta, Princess of Hesse-Darmstadt

  Auguste, Prince of Mecklenburg-Strelitz

  Auguste (royal goldsmith)

  Augustus II (“the Strong”), King of Poland

  Augustus III of Saxony, King of Poland

  Aumale, Duc d’

  Austria: forms defensive pact with France (1756); court life and style; war with Prussia and England; and dynastic marriages with France; and Bavarian crisis; foreign policy; alliance with Russia; deteriorating relations with France; conflict with Turkey; and Joseph II’s death; MA hopes for military support from; and MA’s attempted flight; alliance with Prussia (1792); Louis declares war on
(1792); recovers Liège; military successes against French; indifference to liberating MA; MA expected to favour

  Austrian Succession, War of (1740–48)

  Ayen, Jean Paul François, Duc d’ (later Duc de Noailles)

  Babeuf, Gracchus

  Bachaumont, Louis Petit de

  Bailly, Jean Sylvain

  Barnave, Antoine

  Barrère de Viruzac, Bertrand

  Barthélémy (interior designer)

  Bassenge, Paul

  Bastille: stormed; anniversaries of fall

  Batz, Jean, Baron de

  Bault (jailer)

  Bault, Madame

  Bavaria: succession crisis (1777–9)

  Béarn, Pauline, Comtesse de (née de Tourzel): accompanies mother into royal household; Louis Charles’s devotion to; MA consoles; amused by Comtesse de Provence; learns billiards from Louis XVI; and Mesdames Tantes’ formal etiquette; prepares girl’s clothing for Louis Charles’s escape; on effect of detention on Marie Thérèse; and Louis XVI’s departure for Assembly; and mob attack on Tuileries; imprisoned with royals; takes Marie Thérèse to parents’ graves

  Beatrice d’Este: marriage to Archduke Ferdinand; visits Versailles

  Beauclerk, Lord Edward

  Beaucourt, Marquis de

  Beaujolais, Comte de

  Beaumarchais, Pierre Augustin Caron de; Le Barbier de Séville; Le Mariage de Figaro

  Beaumont, Christophe de, Archbishop of Paris (1774)

  Belgium (Austrian Netherlands): revolts in; risk of Austrian loss of; French occupy

  Berry, Charles Ferdinand, Duc de

  Berry, Mary

  Bertin, Rose

  Besenval, Pierre, Baron de

  Blaikie, Thomas

  Blumendorf, Counsellor

  Boehmer, Charles Auguste; and Diamond Necklace Affair

  Boigne, Comtesse de

  Bombelles, Angélique, Marquise de

  Bombelles, Marc Marie, Marquis de: on Noailles family; and MA’s pregnancies and children; on dress etiquette; on Sèvres porcelain; and Gustav III’s visit; on invalid Louis Joseph; witnesses visit of Tippoo’s envoys; and Louis XVI’s distress over MA’s possible affair with Fersen; on constitutional changes; reports MA’s remarks on “good people,”; and royals’ escape attempt

  Bordel Patriotique, Le (play)

  Börtz, Daniel: Marie Antoinette and Fersen (opera)

  Boucher, François

  Bouillé, Charles de

  Bouillé, Comte Louis de

  Bouillé, Louis, Marquis de

  Bouillon, Charles Godefroid, Duc de

  Bourbon, Louis Henri, Duc de

  Bourbon, Louise Françoise, Duchesse de

  Bourbon-Penthièvre see Penthièvre

  Bourbons: pretenders to French throne

  Bourgoigne, Louis, Duc de

  Boutin (financier)

  Brancas, Marie Angélique, Duchesse de

  Brandeis, Countess

  Breteuil, Louis Charles Auguste Le Tonnelier, Baron de: succeeds Durfort as Ambassador; and MA’s interest in Fersen; MA favours for Minister of Royal Household; and MA’s acquisition of Saint Cloud; background and diplomatic career; and Diamond Necklace Affair; and trial of Cardinal Rohan; resigns as Minister of Royal Household; succeeds Necker as Finance Minister; dismissed; suggests MA and Louis move to Metz; and Louis XVI’s legitimate authority; and Louis XVI’s escape attempt

  Brienne see Loménie de Brienne

  Brionne, Comtesse de

  Brissac, Louis Hercule Timoléon, Duc de

  Brissot, Jean Pierre

  Broglie, Marshal Victor François, Duc de

  Brunier, Dr.

  Brunier, Madame

  Brunswick, Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand, Duke of; Manifesto (1792)

  Buffon, Georges Louis Leclercq, Comte de

  Burke, Edmund: Reflections on the Revolution in France

  Burney, Charles

  Cagliostro, Alessandro, Count

  Calonne, Charles Alexandre,

  Campan, François

  Campan, Madame Henriette (née Genet): on MA’s intelligence; and Maria Teresa’s enquiry about MA’s happiness; on MA’s bridal dress; on MA’s compassion; on MA’s bearing; background and court position; on MA’s reaction to birth of Artois’ son; on MA’s rejection of Lauzun’s advances; on MA’s mockery; on MA’s pregnancy and childbirth; on MA’s theatre-and opera-going; on Louis XVI’s pleasure at birth of son; pleads with MA for reinstatement of porter; silence on MA/Fersen liaison; reads Beaumarchais’ Figaro; on MA’s attitude to portraits; and Boehmer’s diamond necklace; acquires portrait of Jeanne Lamotte; and MA’s reaction to Rohan verdict; and MA’s proposed move to Metz; on anti-revolutionary sentiments at Versailles banquet; sees MA in Paris (1789); sees Catherine the Great’s letter to MA; and MA’s declining to escape from Saint Cloud; warned of MA’s flight; meets MA on return to Tuileries; and Madame Jarjayes; and Louis XVI’s status under new Constitution; and effect on MA of mob invasion of Tuileries; and MA’s hope of foreign rescue; with MA in Assembly

  Campan, Pierre

  Canova, Antonio

  “Carnation Plot,”

  Caroline, Landgravine of Hesse-Homburg

  Caroline Matilda, Princess (Queen of Denmark)

  Carteron, Jean Baptiste

  Casanova de Seingalt, Giovanni Jacopo

  Castelot, André and Alain Decaux: Je m’appellais Marie Antoinette (play)

  Castries, Charles, Marquis de

  Catherine II (the Great), Tsarina of Russia

  Catherine of Braganza, Queen of Charles II of England

  Catherine de’ Medici, Regent of France

  Chalon, Jean

  Chamfort, Sébastian Roch Nicolas de: Mustapha et Zéangir

  Chamilly, M. de (valet)

  Champ de Mars, Paris

  Chardin, Jean Simeon

  Charles I, King of England

  Charles II, King of England

  Charles III, King of Spain

  Charles VI, Emperor

  Charles X, King of the French see Artois, Charles, Comte d’

  Charles, Archduke of Austria (Emperor Francis II’s son)

  Charles, Archduke of Austria (MA’s brother)

  Charles Emmanuel III, King of Sardinia

  Charles, Prince (later Duke) of Mecklenburg-Strelitz

  Charles, Prince (later Duke) of Zweibrücken

  Charles, Prince of Liechtenstein

  Charles, Prince of Lorraine

  Charles Theodore, Elector of Bavaria

  Charlotte, Archduchess see Maria Carolina, Queen of Naples

  Charlotte, Princess of Lorraine, Abbess of Remiremont (MA’s paternal aunt)

  Charlotte, Queen of George III of Britain

  Charlotte Wilhelmine, Princess of Hesse-Darmstadt: friendship with MA; and birth of MA’s son; marriage to Prince Charles; and MA’s 1784 pregnancy; death in childbirth

  Chartres, Duchesse de see Orléans, Duchesse d’

  Chartres, Louis Philippe, Duc de (later Duc d’Orléans; then King Louis Philippe): birth; becomes Duc de Chartres; marriage prospects; baptism; in procession; watches mob march; at Fête de la Fédération; marriage to Amélie

  Chateaubriand, François René, Vicomte de

  Châteauroux, Marie Anne, Duchesse de

  Chaumette, Pierre Gaspard

  Chauveau-Lagarde, Claude

  Chimay, Prince de

  Chimay, Princesse de

  Choiseul, Claude, Duc de

  Choiseul, Duchesse de

  Choiseul, Etienne-François, Duc de: pro-Austrian sentiments; disparages Amelia and Frederick Augustus; forbids Durfort to receive MA in home; welcomes MA on arrival in France; and Comtesse de Brionne; exiled; not reappointed on death of Louis XV; MA seeks to help; favours Castries

  Choisy

  Cholet, Abbé

  Chrétien (of Temple kitchen)

  Christoph, Paul

  Clement of Saxony, Elector of Trier, Archbishop of Cologne

  clergy (French): under Civil C
onstitution

  Clermont, Frances, Countess of (née Murray)

  Clermont, Mademoiselle de (Condé’s daughter)

  Clermont-Tonnerre, Marquise de

  Cléry, Hanet

  Cléry, Madame

  Clothilde, Madame (later Queen of Sardinia; Louis XVI’s sister; “Gros-Madame”)

  Coblenz

  Coigny, Marie François Henri, Duc de

  Coke, Lady Mary

  Committee of Public Safety

  Commune of Paris

  Compiègne

  Conciergerie

  Condé, Louis Joseph, Prince de

  Condé, Mlle de

  Confederates (provincial troops)

  Constituent National Assembly see Legislative Assembly; National Assembly

  Conti, Louis François, Prince de

  Conti, Princesse de

  Corday, Charlotte

  Cordeliers Club

  Corigliano, John: The Ghosts of Versailles (opera)

  Cornwallis, General Charles, 1st Marquis

  Cossé, Duchesse de

  Coster, Anne Vallayer

  Courtot (sculptor)

  Cowper, Emily

  Cradock, Mrs

  Craufurd, Quentin

  Crimea

  Croÿ, Duc de

  Custine, General Adam Philippe, Comte de

  Damas, Comte Charles de

  Dangé, Commissioner

  Danton, Georges

  Daujon, Commissioner

  David, Louis

  Davies, Marianne and Cecilia

  Dazincourt, Joseph

  Desclozeaux, Pierre Louis

  Deslon (hussar officer)

  Desmoulins, Camille

  Destruction de l’Aristocratisme, La (play)

  Devonshire, Georgiana, Duchess of

  Diamond Necklace Affair

  Diderot, Denis: Les Bijoux Indiscrets

  Dietrichstein, Count

  Dillon, Edward (le beau )

  Dillon, Madame

  divorce: legalized in France (1790)

  Dorset, John Frederick Sackville, 3rd Duke of,

  Doucoudray, Tronson

  Drouet, Jean Baptiste

  Du Barry, Marie Jeanne, Comtesse (née Bécu): as Louis XV’s mistress; MA meets at Compiègne; addresses King; MA’s attitude to; dislike for Choiseul; pets; hostility with MA; and Louis XV’s health decline; banishment; dressmaking bills; jewellery; executed

  Dubouchage (Minister of the Navy)

  Ducreux, Joseph

  Dufour (memorialist)

  Dumouriez, General François

  Duport, Adrien

  Durand, Camille

  Duras, Duchesse de