Telimpë Not in QL Under root TELPE, which has however telempë=telpë ‘silver’. Gnomish words are celeb ‘silver’, celebrin ‘of silver’, Celebron, Celioth names of the Moon. See Ilasluntë.
Tevildo Given in QL under root TEFE (with derivatives teve- ‘to hate’, tevin, tevië ‘hatred’) and explained as ‘the Lord of Cats’ (see p. 47). The Gnomish form is Tifil, ‘Prince of Cats’.
Tilkal A name made up of the initial sounds of six names of metals (see p. 100 and footnote). For tambë ‘copper’ see Aulë, and for ilsa ‘silver’ see Ilasluntë. Latúken ‘tin’ is given as a separate entry in QL, with latukenda ‘of tin’ the Gnomish form is ladog. Kanu ‘lead’, kanuva ‘leaden’ are placed under a root KANA in QL. For anga ‘iron’ see Angamandi, and for laurë ‘gold’ see Laurelin.
Timpinen The name stands in QL as the only derivative of a root TIFI, but under root TIPI are given timpë ‘fine rain’, timpinë ‘spray’, etc. See Tinfang.
Tinfang The entry in GL is: ‘Tinfing or Tinfang the fluter (surnamed Gwarbilin or Birdward), a fay; cf. Q. timpinen a fluter (Timpando, Varavilindo)’. Other Gnomish words are tif- ‘whistle’, timpa- ‘ring, jingle’, timpi ‘little bell’, timp ‘hoot, note of a flute’, tifin ‘small flute’. The first element in Gwarbilin is seen also in Amon Gwareth ‘Hill of Watch’, which occurs in the tale of The Fall of Gondolin; the second is bilin(c) ‘sparrow, small bird’.
Tinwë Linto, Tinwelint GL has: ‘Tinweg (also Lintinweg) and more usually Tinwelint, ="Q." Tinwë Linto; originally leader of the Solosimpi (after led by Ellu), but became King of the Lost Elves of Artanor’. The first element of the name is derived from TIN-, with such derivatives as tim ‘spark, gleam, (star)’, tintiltha- ‘twinkle’, tinwithli ‘star-cluster, constellation’. The second element is possibly Gnomish lint ‘quick, nimble, light’—which my father referred to in his essay ‘A Secret Vice’ (The Monsters and the Critics and Other Essays, 1983, p. 205) as a word he remembered from a very early stage of his linguistic constructions. The name is not in QL either in the earlier form (Linwë Tinto, p. 130) or the later, but under root TINI are tinwë ‘star’, tint ‘(silver) spark’, etc., and also lintitinwë ‘having many stars’, the first element of this being a multiplicative prefix li-, lin-. Cf. Tinwetári.
Tinwetári ‘Queen of Stars’. For the elements of this name see Tinwë Linto, Qalmë-Tári. The corresponding Gnomish name is Tinturwin with a different second element (see Meril-i-Turinqi). Varda is also called Timbridhil, Timfiril, with the same first element (Bridhil being the Gnomish name of Varda), and Gailbridh(n)ir, which contains gail ‘star’ (corresponding to Qenya ílë in Ílivarda, not found in QL.
Tol Eressëa Under root TOLO OL has derivatives tol ‘island; any rise standing alone in water, plain of green, etc.’, tolmen ‘boss (of shield), isolated round hill, etc.’, tolos ‘knob, lump’, tólë ‘centre’, and other words. GL gives tol ‘an isle with high steep coasts’.
Eressëa a given in QL under root ERE (distinct from that seen in Eruman) ‘remain alone’: er ‘only, but, still’, eressë ‘singly, only, alone’, eressëa ‘lonely’, erda ‘solitary, deserted’, erin ‘remains’ In Gnomish the Lonely Isle is Tol Erethrin (er ‘one’, ereth ‘solitude’, erethrin ‘solitary, lonely’ etc.)
Tolli Kuruvar (On the ‘World-Ship’ drawing, ‘the Magic Isles’, pp. 84–5. For Tolli see Tol Eressëa. QL has a group kuru ‘magic, wizardry’, kuruvar ‘wizard’, kuruni ‘witch’, with a note: ‘of the good magic’. GL has curu ‘magic’, curug ‘wizard’, curus ‘witch’.
Tombo Tombo ‘gong’ is derived in QL from a root TUMU ‘swell (with idea of hollowness)’, together with tumbë ‘trumpet’, tumbo ‘dark vale’, tumna ‘deep, profound, dark or hidden’ (see Utumna). Words in Gnomish are tûm ‘valley’, tum ‘hollow’, tumli ‘dale’, tumbol ‘valley-like, hollow’, tumla- ‘hollow out’.
Tuilérë QL, root TUYU: tuilë ‘Spring, literally a budding—also collectively: buds, new shoots, fresh green’, Tuilérë ‘Spring’, and several other words, as tuilindo ‘(spring-singer), swallow’. Gnomish forms are tuil, tuilir ‘Spring’ (with the note that Tuilir = Vána); but Vána is also called Hairen ‘Spring’, presumably connected with hair ‘punctual, timely’, hai ‘punctually’, haidri ‘forenoon’.
Tuivána See Tuilérë, Vána.
tulielto, &c. Tulielto is translated ‘they have come’ (p. 114), and I. Eldar tulier ‘the Eldar have come’ (ibid.); I·kal’ antúlien is translated ‘Light hath returned’ (p. 184). QL under root TULU ‘fetch, bring, bear; move, come’ has the verb tulu- of the same meaning, also tulwë pillar, standard, pole’, tulma ‘bier’. GL has tul- ‘bring; come’, tultha- ‘lift, carry’.
Tulkas QL gives the name under root TULUK, with tulunka ‘steady, firm’, tulka- ‘fix, set up, establish’. The Gnomish form is Tulcus (-os), with related words tulug ‘steady, firm’, tulga- ‘make firm, settle, steady, comfort’.
Tulkastor The name does not appear in the dictionaries (nor the precedent forms, Tulkassë, Turenbor, p. 22); see Tulkas, Meril-i-Turinqi.
Tuor Tuor is not given in the dictionaries, but it is probably derived (since the name is also written Tûr) from the root TURU ‘be strong’ see Meril-i-Turinqi.
Turgon Neither Turondo nor Gnomish Turgon are given in the dictionaries, and beyond the likelihood that the first element is from the root TURU (see Meril-i-Turinqi) these names cannot be explained.
Turuhalmë ‘The Logdrawing’ (p. 229). A second root TURU (TUSO) ‘kindle’ in QL (differing in the medial consonant from TURU ‘be strong’) has many derivatives: turu-, tunda- ‘kindle’, turu ‘properly="firewood," but used of wood in general’, turúva ‘wooden’, tusturë ‘tinder’, etc. In GL are duru ‘wood: pole, beam, or log’, durog ‘wooden’.
The second element is in Gnomish halm ‘drawing, draught (of fishes etc.)’. The name of the festival is Duruchalmo(s)="Halm" nadhuruthon (Duruchalm was written in the text and struck out, p. 244), translated ‘Yule’ this was changed later to Durufui ‘Yule (night), i.e. Log-night’ (see Fui).
Uin See Ónen. In GL uin is a common noun, ‘whale’, named after Uin ‘Gulma’s great whale’ (Gulma=Ulmo); but apparently (though this entry is rather obscure) the original meaning of uin, preserved in poetry, was ‘wave’. Another Gnomish word for ‘whale’ is uimoth ‘sheep of the waves’ (moth ‘sheep, also ‘1000’, probably originally ‘flock’ mothweg ‘shepherd’).
Uinen See Ónen.
Ulmo Ulmo is given in QL under the root ULU ‘pour, flow fast’, together with ulu- and ulto- ‘pour’, in transitive and intransitive senses. His name in Gnomish is Gulma, with corresponding verbs gul- and gulta-. In the draft text of The Music of the Ainur he is also called Linqil: see Nielíqui. For other names see Vailimo.
Ulmonan See Ulmo; the second element of this name is not explained.
Ungoliont See Ungwë Lianti.
Ungwë Lianti, Ungweliant(ë) Under a queried root GUNGU QL gives ungwë ‘spider, especially Ungwë the Gloomweaver, usually Ungwelianti’. The second element is from root LI + ya ‘entwine’, with derivatives lia ‘twine’, liantë ‘tendril’, liantassë ‘vine’. In GL the name as originally entered was Gungliont, as also first written in the text (p. 156); later this was changed to ‘Ungweliont or Ungoliont’. The second element is assigned to root l- (lind ‘twine’).
Uolë Kúvion Kúvion was changed from Mikúmi (p. 198). The name is not in QL under the root KUVU ‘bend, bow’, which has derivatives kû ‘crescent Moon’, kúnë ‘crescent, bow’. GL gives cû ‘bow, crescent; the waxing or waning Moon’, and also ‘Cuvonweg: Ûl Cuvonweg (="Q." ólë Kúmion), the Moonking’. Under Ûl the Qenya equivalent is however Uolë, and here it is said that the name Ûl is usually in the phrase Ûl · a · Rinthilios; while Rinthilios is glossed ‘the orbed Moon, name of the Moon-elf’ (rinc ‘circular’, noun ‘disc’ rin- ‘revolve, return’).
Ûr The root URU/USU in QL has derivatives uru ‘fire’, úrin ‘blazing hot
’, uruvoitë ‘fiery’, urúva ‘like fire’, urwa ‘on fire’, Ûr ‘the Sun’ (with other forms Úri, Úrinki, Urwen), úrion ‘a name of Fionwë’, urna ‘oven’, usta-, urya- ‘burn’ (transitive and intransitive). The Gnomish form is Aur (aurost ‘dawn’), and also a poetic word Uril. See Fionwë-Úrion, Urwen.
Urwen, Urwendi In the earlier tales in this book the form is Urwen, becoming Urwendi in the Tale of the Sun and Moon. The original entry in GL was ‘Urwendi and Urwin (Q. Urwen) the maiden of the Sun-ship’, but this was later changed to read ‘Urwedhin and Urwin (Q. Urwendi)’. In QL (see Ûr) Urwen appears as a name of the Sun. In the Valar name-list the Sun-maiden is also called Úrinki, and this also appears in QL as a name of the Sun.
The element -wen is given in QL under root GWENE: wen and wendi ‘maid, girl’, -wen feminine patronymic, like masculine -ion, wendelë ‘maidenhood’ (see Wendelin). In GL the forms were much changed and confused. The words given have stems in gwin-, gwen-, gweth, with meanings ‘woman’, ‘girl’, etc.; the root seems to have been changed from gweni- to gwedhe-, with reference both to Qenya meril (see Meril-i-Turinqi) and Qenya wendi.
Utumna In QL the root of Utumna (‘lower regions of gloom and darkness in the North, Melko’s first dwelling’) is not given, but cf. the word tumna ‘deep, profound, dark or hidden’ cited under Tombo. In Gnomish the forms are Udum and Uduvna; Belcha (Melko) is called Uduvrin.
Úvanimor See Vána.
Vai The root VAYA ‘enfold’ in QL yields Vai ‘the Outer Ocean’, Vaimo or Vailimo ‘Ulmo as Ruler of Vai’, vaima ‘robe’, vainë ‘sheath’, vainolë ‘quiver’, vaita- ‘to wrap’, Vaitya ‘the outermost airs beyond the world’, etc. In Gnomish the form is Bai, with related words Baithon ‘the outer airs’, baith ‘garment’, baidha ‘to clothe’, bain ‘clad (Q. vaina)’.
Vailimo See Vai. In Gnomish the form is Belmoth (
Vaitya See Vai.
Valahíru (Marginal addition in the text against Valatúru, p. 180.) Not in the dictionaries, but probably to be associated with QL root HERE ‘rule, have power’: heru- ‘to rule’, heru ‘lord’, heri ‘lady’, hérë ‘lordship’.
Valar In QL ‘Valar or Vali’ is derived from root VALA, with masc. singular Valon or Valmo and fem. singular Valis or Valdë; other words are valin, valimo ‘happy’, vald- ‘blessedness, happiness’.
The Gnomish words are complicated and curious. As first written, there was Ban ‘a god, one of the great Valar’, plural Banin, and ‘Dor’ Vanion=Dor Banion=Gwalien (or Valinor)’. All this was struck out. Elsewhere in GL is given the root GWAL ‘fortune, happiness’: Gwala ‘one of the gods, including their divine folk and children, hence often used of one of the lesser folk as opposed to Ban’ Gwalon and Gwalthi corresponding to Qenya Valon, Valsi; gwalt ‘good luck—any providential occurrence or thought: “the luck of the Valar”, i · walt ne Vanion (Q. valto)’ and other abstract words, as gwalweth ‘fortune, happiness’. Of the later interpretation of Valar there is thus no suggestion. See further under Vána.
Valatúru See Valar, Meril-i-Turinqi.
Valinor In QL two forms are given, Valinor and Valinórë (the latter also occurs in the text, p. 182), both glossed ‘Asgard’ (i.e. the City of the Gods in Norse mythology). For the Gnomish names (Gwalien, etc.) see Valar.
nórë is found in QL under the root N ‘become, be born’, and is glossed ‘native land, nation, family, country’, also -nor, ‘the form in compounds’. Other words are nosta- ‘give birth’, nosta ‘birth, birthday’, nostalë ‘species, kind’, nossë ‘kin, people’ (as in Aulenossë). The Gnomish form is dôr: see Dor Faidwen.
Valmar See Valar, Eldamar.
Vána A derivative of QL root VANA, together with vanë ‘fair’, vanessë ‘beauty’, vanima ‘proper, right, fair’, úvanimo ‘monster’ (ú-= ‘not’), etc. Here also are given Vanar and Vani= Valar, Vali, with the note: ‘cf. Gnomish Ban-’. See Valar.
Vána’s name in Gnomish was Gwân or Gwani (changed later to Gwann or Gwannuin); gwant, gwandra ‘beautiful’, gwanthi ‘beauty’.
Vána-Laisi See Vána, Tári-Laisi.
Vansamírin This name replaced Samírien’s road in the text (p. 222).
See Qalvanda, Samírien.
Varda In QL the name is given with vard- ‘rule, govern’, vardar ‘king’, varni ‘queen’. In Gnomish Varda was called Bridhil (and Timbridhil, see Tinwetári), which is cognate with Qenya vard-.
Vê QL gives Vê ‘name of Fantur’ under root VEHE, but without meaning ascribed or other derivatives. The form in GL is Gwê, changed to Gwî: ‘name of the hall of Bandoth, Q. Vê’. See Mandos, Vefántur.
Vefántur In GL the Vala himself is called Bandoth Gwê (changed to Bannoth Gwî), Gwefantur (changed to Gwifanthor), and Gwivannoth.
Vene Kemen See Glorvent, Kémi.
Vilna In QL the root VILI (without meaning given) has derivatives Vilna (changed later to Vilya) ‘(lower) air’, Vilmar ‘dwelling of Manwë—the upper airs (but not ilu)’, vilin ‘airy, breezy’, vílë ‘gentle breeze’. The words ‘but not ilu’ refer to the definition of ilu in the sense of ilwë, the middle air among the stars (see ilwë). Manwë’s dwelling Vilmar is not named elsewhere.
The Gnomish names for the lowest air were Gwilfa or Fâ; the latter is said to be of unknown etymology. The corresponding Qenya names are given in GL as Fâ and Favilna, and these appear in QL under a root FAGA without translation, merely as equivalents of Vilna. Other Gnomish words are gwil- ‘sail, float, fly’, gwilith ‘breeze’, gwilbrin ‘butterfly’: these correspond to words in QL under a root GWILI, wili- ‘sail, float, fly’, wilin ‘bird’, wilwarin ‘butterfly’. Another name of Manweg as Lord of the Winds, Famfir, is given in GL.
Voronwë See Bronweg.
Vorotemnar For voro ‘ever’ see Bronweg. Temnar must be from root TEME ‘tie’, of which no derivative words are listed in QL.
Wendelin This is not in QL, but GL gives Gwendeling (changed later to Gwedhiling) as the Gnomish name corresponding to Qenya Wendelin; ‘Queen of the Woodland Elves, mother of Tinúviel’ (the only occurrence of the name Tinúviel in the dictionaries). The name must be related to Qenya wen ‘maid, girl’ and the Gnomish forms given under Urwen.
Wingildi See Wingilot.
Wingilot Under the root GWINGI/GWIGI in QL are wingë ‘foam, spindrift’, wingilot ‘foamflower, Eärendel’s boat’, and wingild- ‘nymph’ (cf. Wingildi). For the element -lot see Lindelos.
GL has the entry: ‘Gwingalos or Gwingli=Lothwinga or Foamflower, the name of Eärendel’s (Ioringli’s) boat’ also lothwing ‘foamflower’, gwing ‘wavecrest, foam’, and gwingil ‘foam-maiden (mermaid, one of the attendants of Uinen)’.
Wirilómë See Gwerlum.
Wiruin See Gwerlum.
Yavanna In QL this name is given under the root YAVA, together with yavin ‘bears fruit’, yáva ‘fruit’, yávan ‘harvest, autumn’. The Gnomish form is Ifon, Ivon, ‘especially in the combinations Ivon Belaurin, Ivon Címir, Ivon i · Vladorwen’ see Kémi, Palúrien.
SHORT GLOSSARY OF OBSOLETE, ARCHAIC, AND RARE WORDS
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an if, 64, 140, 149, 155, 165, 180, 182, 189, 197, 208
arrassed covered with arras (rich figured tapestry), 17
astonied stunned, astonished, 116, 185
bason formerly a common spelling of basin, 164 etc.
bent open place covered with grass, 34
brakes thickets, 106
charger large dish, 191
clamant clamorous, noisy, 43
clomb old past tense of climb, 122
constella
te formed into a constellation, 195
cools coolnesses, 74
corbel basket, 186
covetice (inordinate) desire, 117; covetousness, 146–7
eld old age, 59, 219, 228
fain gladly, 45, 150; disposed, desirous, 195; fain of well-pleased with, 117, 208
fane temple, 39, 43
fey 37. The old senses were ‘fated, approaching death; presaging death’. It seems very unlikely that the later sense ‘possessing or displaying magical, fairylike, or unearthly qualities’ (O.E.D. Supplement) was intended.
flittermice bats, 40
go move, in the phrase all the creatures that go 219
houseleek a fleshy plant that grows on the walls and roofs of houses, 95
inaureoled surrounded with a halo, 204 (the word is only recorded in the O.E.D. in a poem by Francis Thompson, 1897).
jacinth blue, 34
lampads 35. The word is only recorded in the O.E.D. (first used by Coleridge) of the seven lamps of fire burning before the throne of God in the Book of Revelation, iv. 5.
lets upon gives on to, opens on to, 210
lief gladly, willingly, 163; liever more gladly, more willingly, rather, 105, 163
lustihead vigour, 99
meed requital, 105
minished reduced, diminished, 150, 208
or…or either…or, 127, 192, 214
or yet apparently means ‘already’, 166
ousel blackbird, 47 (now spelt ouzel, in Ring-ouzel and other bird-names).
pleasance ‘A pleasure-ground, usually attached to a mansion; sometimes a secluded part of a garden, but more often a separate enclosure laid out with shady walks, trees and shrubs…’ (O.E.D.) This sense is present in pleasa(u)nces 74, 116, but in rest and pleasance 69 the sense is ‘enjoyment, pleasure’ in nor did he have lack of pleasance 65 either meaning may be intended, but I think probably the former.
pled old past tense of plead, 167
plenilune the time of full moon, 205 (see Letters p. 310).