Over-the-Buttes, Chief, 170–71
Padouca, 25, 323n
Pah-hah-yuco, Chief, 88, 107–8, 113, 115, 116, 328n
Palestine, Tex., 18–19, 192
Palo Duro Canyon, 6–7, 114, 122, 275, 276–83, 294–96, 339n
Palo Duro Canyon, Battle of, 279–83
Paloma Apaches, 58
Palo Pinto County, Tex., 156, 251
Pamunkeys, 4–5
paraibos, 91–92, 107, 266, 318
Parker, Ann, 189
Parker, Baldwin, 117, 200, 322n
Parker, Benjamin, 17, 18, 178
Parker, Cynthia Ann (White Squaw) (Nautdah), 7–8, 12–22, 36, 37–38, 47, 74, 102–18, 120, 125–27, 135, 151–53, 157, 174, 177–93, 194, 196, 197, 200, 286–87, 290–91, 300, 316–17, 318
Parker, Daniel, 20, 127, 135, 153, 321n, 322n
Parker, Isaac, 127, 153–54, 179–80, 182–89, 291
Parker, Isaac Duke, 186
Parker, James, 15, 18–19, 20, 119–20, 123–27, 131, 153, 178, 182
Parker, John, 16, 17, 18, 20, 22, 37, 153
Parker, John Richard, 18, 36, 37–38, 103, 117–18, 119, 125–26, 178
Parker, Lucy, 17–18, 37, 110, 126, 182
Parker, Orlena, 182, 189, 191, 316
Parker, Quanah, see Quanah, Chief
Parker, Sallie, 16, 17, 18
Parker, Silas, 15, 16–17, 18, 125, 153
Parker, Silas, Jr., 182, 189–93
Parker, White, 318
Parker, William, 187–89
Parker County, Tex., 153–54, 156, 157, 183
Parker Raid (1836), 12–22, 23, 41, 108, 109, 110, 119–20, 152, 157, 158, 178–80, 181, 182, 189, 322n
Parker’s Fort, 8, 12–22, 23, 25, 26, 39, 50, 74, 108, 109, 110, 117–18, 157, 158, 179–80, 181, 182
Parkman, Francis, 261
Parrilla, Don Diego Ortiz de, 62–69
Pawnees, 21, 26, 28, 31–32, 59, 60, 210, 314
peace commission, U.S., 224–34
peace policy, 2, 220, 221–34, 238, 240–42
“Peanuts,” 117, 151, 178, 180, 194, 195, 295, 334n
Pease River, Battle of, 175–81, 185, 194–96, 199, 200, 208, 295, 317
Pecos, N. Mex., 57, 61
Penateka Comanches, 49, 50, 80–82, 88, 89–101, 107–16, 139, 142, 146–47, 163, 164, 171–72, 196–97, 203, 209, 210, 226–27, 229, 233, 251, 256, 258, 266, 267, 290, 301, 324n
Penobscots, 4–5
Peorias, 210
Pequots, 4–5
Permansu, 298–99
Perry, Matthew, 235
Peta Nocona, 8, 37, 109–11, 116–17, 151–56, 157, 158, 169, 174, 176–77, 180, 181, 183, 195–96, 197, 200, 203, 295, 317, 334n
Pettis, George, 217, 218, 219
peyote rites, 313–14
Phil Kearney, Fort, 238
Piamempits (Big Cannibal Owl), 198
Piedras Negras, Mex., 159
Pierce, Franklin, 164
Pizarro, Francisco, 55
Placido, Chief, 167
Plains Indians, 3, 5–6, 17, 20, 30–31, 38, 47–48, 57, 59, 66, 78, 79, 97, 98, 103, 120–21, 130, 133, 169, 181, 199, 203, 212, 215–16, 226–28, 230, 232, 233, 263, 278, 283, 313
Plainview, Tex., 249
Plum Creek, Battle of, 94, 96–100, 111, 114, 136, 140, 266
Plummer, James Pratt, 17, 22, 38, 42, 119, 124, 125, 126–27
Plummer, L. T. M., 21–22, 42, 124, 126
Plummer, Rachel Parker, 16, 17, 21–22, 36–52, 74, 75, 104, 107, 119, 120–25, 126, 184
Plummer, Wilson P., 125
Pobishequasso, Chief (Iron Jacket), 168, 281
Pockmark, Jim, 167
Polk, James K., 163
Poncas, 210, 314
Pope, John, 224
Post Oak Jim, 45
Post Oak Mission, 316–17
Pottawotamies, 210
Powder Face, Chief, 267
Powder River Expedition, 305
prairie, 13–14, 38–40, 93, 155, 156, 175, 196
prairie dogs, 2–3, 9, 52, 269
Prairie Dog Town Fork, 252, 275, 276–77, 294
Prairie Flower (Toh-tsee-ah), 8, 151, 153, 182, 184, 185, 186, 187, 189, 190–91, 287, 290–91, 316
prairie storms, 8, 39–40, 79–80, 143, 175, 196, 247–49
presidios, 20, 55, 61, 62–67
Price, William, 275, 277
Prince, Captain, 170–71
Pueblo Indians, 29, 30–31, 35, 123
Pueblo revolt (1680), 30–31
“puha” (personal medicine), 45, 98, 264–72
Qua-ha-da, 249
Quahadi Comanches, 5–11, 49–50, 89, 114, 122, 158, 209, 223, 229, 242–49, 251, 252, 255, 256–57, 258, 259, 275, 284–85, 289, 290, 294, 324n
Quakers, 2, 234, 240–41, 251
Quanah, Acme and Pacific Railroad, 311, 317
Quanah, Chief, 194–206, 283–319
adoptions by, 302–3
assimilation of, 301–4, 311–13, 318, 319
at Battle of Blanco Canyon, 6–11, 242–49, 250, 276, 334n
birth of, 13, 196
cattle herds of, 222–23, 296–99, 300, 301–2, 310
childhood of, 151, 194–99
children of, 302–3, 318, 319
as Comanche leader, 194–206, 288–319, 339n
correspondence of, 286–87, 291
death of, 318–19
escapes of, 178, 180, 194–96, 199, 200, 245–49, 272, 278, 283–87, 317, 334n
film appearance of, 312
at Fort Sill, 285–304
Geronimo compared with, 314–15, 317–18
Goodnight’s treaty with, 295–96
gravesite of, 318, 319
grazing lands leased by, 297–99
horse herd of, 205–6, 286, 290
horses stolen by, 200, 202, 203, 206, 222–23
Quanah, Chief (cont.)
house built by (Star House), 301–4, 311, 313, 318, 341n
intelligence of, 200, 289–90
Isa-tai’s alliance with, 264–72, 285, 289, 290, 300, 314
Kwihnai (Eagle) as name of, 117
Mackenzie’s friendship with, 286–87, 290–91, 292, 293–94, 304, 307
Mackenzie’s search for, 6–11, 283–87, 289, 317
marriage of, 205–6
at Medicine Lodge, 229
mixed blood of, 7–8, 12, 13, 21, 205, 285, 286–87, 316–17, 319
Parker relations of, 7–8, 12, 13, 21, 285, 286–87, 290–91, 300, 316–17, 319
personality of, 199–200, 202–6, 289–90, 311, 314, 317–18, 319
peyote rites supported by, 313–14
photographs of, 199, 300
physical appearance of, 183, 199–200, 244, 289, 300, 313
political influence of, 290–91, 297–300, 308–10, 313, 317
as Principal Chief of the Comanches, 289, 299, 304, 318
raids led by, 200–204, 222–23, 267–73, 337n
recollections of, 195–96, 317–18, 334n
renegade Comanches returned by, 292–94
reputation of, 288–319
reservation life of, 285–319
Roosevelt’s relationship with, 303, 311–13, 317
speeches given by, 312–13, 317–18, 334n
surrender of, 283–87, 289
vengeance sought by, 263, 265–66, 272–73, 290
vision quest of, 199
as war chief, 202–4, 206, 242–49, 264–72, 283–87, 289, 290, 291, 294–96, 299, 337n
as warrior, 6–11, 197–204, 207, 229, 240, 263, 264–72, 289
wealth of, 205–6, 289–90, 296–304, 310–11, 318
wives of, 205–6, 256, 289, 290, 300–302, 314, 318
wounding of, 203–4, 270
Quanah, Tex., 153
Quapaws, 210, 211
railroads, 5, 224, 251, 260–61, 311, 317
Red Cloud Sioux Agency, 304–5
Redd, William D., 88
Red River, Battle of the, 25
4–57, 294–95
Red River War, 254–57, 274–87, 294–95, 303, 304
reservations, Indian, 162, 164–65, 167, 169, 171, 204, 209–10, 212, 214, 226–33, 240–41, 251, 252, 256, 257, 266–67, 273, 274–75, 284–319, 339n
Richardson, Fort, 203
Richmond, Tex., 136
rifles, 5, 33, 78, 81, 86, 94, 97, 98, 132, 133, 137–38, 143, 160, 168, 172, 204, 208, 217, 223, 232–33, 242, 244–45, 260–62, 269, 270–71
Ringgold, Tex., 68
Rio Grande, 13, 30, 53, 55, 58, 128, 143, 227–28, 263
Rio Trampas, 58
Rivera y Villalón, Pedro de, 59–60
Roberson, G. W., 297
robes, buffalo, 80, 92, 175, 198, 199, 219, 239, 248, 262, 281
Rocky Mountains, 28, 40, 70, 201
Rogers, H. B., 181
Roosevelt, Theodore, 303, 311–13, 317
Rose, Victor, 117, 126, 142
Ross, Pease, 180
Ross, Sul, 170, 171, 174–77, 180–81, 208, 316
Runnels, Hardin, 166, 169
Sac and Fox Indians, 209–10
Salt Creek Massacre, 4, 19
Salt Fork, 111
San Angelo, Tex., 58, 204, 206, 240, 275
San Antonio, Tex., 38, 61, 62–63, 67, 78, 82–88, 93, 95, 136, 138, 139, 142, 143–44, 146, 157, 165, 201, 204, 263, 303, 305–6
San Antonio massacre (1840), 82–88
San Antonio de Bexar mission, 13
Sand Creek Massacre (1864), 219–21, 242
San Jacinto, Battle of, 13, 15, 25, 73–74, 75, 97, 131, 139
San Jose Mission, 87–88
San Saba Massacre (1758), 62–69, 82, 84, 85, 100, 112
Santa Anna, Antonio López de, 13, 82
Santa Anna, Chief, 88, 93, 115, 328n
Santa Fe, N. Mex., 2, 6, 14, 30, 55, 61, 75, 89, 113, 122, 123, 204, 213–14
Santa Fe Trail, 5, 25–26, 40, 123, 129, 196, 212, 213–14, 224
Santee rebellion (1862), 211–12
Santee Sioux, 211–12, 216
Santiesteban, Padre, 66
Satanta, Chief, 226, 283
Sayre, Warren, 309
Schilz, Jodye and Thomas, 99–100
Scott, Hugh, 314–15
scouts, Indian, 1, 7, 9–10, 79, 80, 97, 108, 148, 167, 168, 169, 171, 216, 242, 244, 246–47, 252–54, 279–80, 282
Searchers, The, 120
Second Cavalry, U.S., 166, 170–71, 174–76, 208, 218
Second Connecticut Volunteer Artillery, 236–38
Seminoles, 5, 77, 209, 210, 211, 228
Senecas, 210
Shaking Hand, Chief, 251, 255, 278, 279, 283, 290, 339n
Sharpe, Florida, 306
Sharps rifles (“Big Fifties”), 5, 270–71
Shawnees, 5, 16, 75, 77, 122, 167, 169, 210, 314
Sheridan, Philip, 251, 257, 262, 275, 284, 286, 304, 305, 306
Sherman, Ezra, 156, 157
Sherman, Martha, 156, 157, 160, 173, 175
Sherman, William Tecumseh, 2, 3, 4, 215, 225, 228, 229, 242, 251, 273, 276, 305
Shiloh, Battle of, 83
Shoshone language, 24, 27, 117
Signal Station, 286
Sill, Fort, 249, 256–57, 273, 274, 275, 283, 284, 285–304, 305, 306–7
Sioux, 3, 14–15, 24, 27, 31, 44, 45, 50, 130, 159, 211–12, 238–39, 274, 299–300, 304–5, 312
Sitting Bull, Chief, 50
Sixth Cavalry, U.S., 275–76
Slater’s Creek, 192
slavery, 40–52, 55, 75, 104, 131, 157–58, 185, 189, 210–11, 261
Slidell, Alexander Mackenzie, 235
Slidell, John, 235
smallpox, 91, 92, 103, 112, 114, 126, 179
Smith, Clinton, 254, 256
Smith, John Jeremiah “Coho,” 187–89
Smithwick, Noah, 80, 85, 88
Snyder, Tex., 206, 283, 284
sod houses, 261, 269–70
Song of Solomon, 319
Sonora State, Mex., 63
Spanish empire, 2, 3–4, 10, 13–14, 19, 23–29, 38, 49, 53–72, 75–78, 82, 83, 89, 104, 115, 130, 131–32, 159, 160, 325n, 326n
Spencer repeating rifles, 233, 244–45
spirits, 45, 87, 198, 199, 281
Spirit Talker (Muguara or Mukewarrah), 84–86, 88, 89, 92
Springfield Arsenal Musketoon, Model 1842, 160
Stagg Prairie, 156
staked plains, see Llano Estacado
Stephens, James H., 312
Stockton, Fort, 115, 201–2
Sturm, Jacob J., 284–85, 286
Sun Dance, 27, 216, 259, 266
supply trains, 25–26, 69, 97, 99, 110–11, 132, 134, 213–14, 218, 242–43, 249, 252–56, 276, 280
surveyors, 83, 139, 140
syphilis, 112, 306
taibos (soldiers), 96–97, 100, 109, 114, 151, 208, 241, 265, 268, 281, 292, 294
Tamaulipas State, Mex., 115
Tannap, 205
Taos, N. Mex., 30, 35, 55, 58, 61
Tarahumare, 54
Tarrant County, Tex., 183
Tatum, Lawrie, 241, 242, 257
Tawakonis, 16, 59, 77, 209
Taylor, Alfred A., 225
Taylor, Mrs., 124
Taylor, Zachary, 123, 148, 149
Tekwashana, 105, 106
Ten Bears, Chief (Paruasemena), 214, 218, 227–28, 229, 298–99
Tennawish, 109, 111, 116, 209
Tenth Cavalry, U.S., 263, 275, 292–93
Terreros, Don Pedro Romero de, 63
Terreros, Father Alonso Giraldo de, 63, 64–65, 66
Teton Sioux, 50
Texas:
Anglo-Texan culture of, 6, 25–26, 60, 92, 93, 122–23
Comanche conflicts in, 6, 25–26, 57–68, 73–78, 82–88, 91–111, 113, 115, 130, 131–50, 202–4, 228, 241, 250–53, 267–72, 295
Texas (cont.)
as Confederate state, 185, 188, 191, 207–8, 209
congress of, 75, 76
constitution of, 165
East, 75–77, 120, 188–90
frontier conditions in, 1–11, 12, 19, 23–25, 41, 42, 49, 50, 52, 56–66, 75–78, 113, 153, 180
independence of, 13, 25, 82
militias of, 136, 160, 208, 222
panhandle of, 7, 9, 153, 180, 214, 251, 261, 263, 274–75, 277, 294
political situation in, 13, 26, 74–75, 83, 90–91, 119, 120, 126–27, 145, 154, 157, 165, 170, 174, 185, 233–34, 240–41, 298–99
population of, 157–58
Reconstruction period of, 223
republic of, 13, 14, 73–77, 120, 130–31, 140, 145, 148
slavery in, 131, 157–58, 185
as Spanish territory, 19, 23–25, 49, 57–66, 75–78
U.S. annexation of, 129
West, 2, 8, 10, 58, 75, 77–78, 196, 262
see also specific settlements and towns