The first frosts of autumn had touched the trees with brushes of gold and red; hardy prairie flowers bloomed on every side. When spring came around, they would head back again for Thunder Butte, this time with a string of packhorses carrying supplies and with at least a few university residents added to the expedition. Perhaps, he thought, with more than that—some sensitives, perhaps, and a few brain cases, for during the winter, they would contact some of the city tribes and more eastern bands, who might be more open to reason than the nomad encampment had proved to be.
Far ahead of them Rollo ranged, scouting out the land, and, at a shorter distance, Andy, with his pack of Followers gamboling all about him like a bunch of pups at play. The Team rolled along sedately to one side, and, sparkling in the pleasant autumn sunshine, the swarms of Shivering Snakes were everywhere. They accompanied Rollo on his scouting runs; they danced with the Followers and with Andy; they swung in shimmering circles about everyone.
“You’ll clean me out,” the A and R had said in mock sorrow when they left. “You’ll leave me not a single Follower or Snake. It’s that silly horse of yours and that equally silly robot. They, the two of them, blot up all the crazy things they meet. Although, I’m glad they’re going, for any roving band that might intend to do you dirt will reconsider swiftly when they see the escort that goes along with you.”
“We’ll head back,” promised Cushing, “as soon as winter lifts enough to travel. We’ll waste no time. And I hope we’ll have others with us.”
“I’ve been alone so long,” the A and R had said, “that such a little interval does not really matter. I can wait quite easily, for now I have some hope.”
Cushing cautioned him, “You must realize that it all may come to nothing. Try as hard and earnestly as we may, we may not be able to untangle the mysteries of the data. Even if we do, we may find nothing we can use.”
“All that man has done throughout his history,” said the A and R, “has been a calculated gamble without assurance of success. The odds, I know, are long, but in all honesty, we can ask for nothing better.”
“If Mad Wolf had only gone along with us. If he had only listened.”
“There are certain segments of society that will never lend an ear to a new idea. They squat in a certain place and will not budge from it. They will find many reasons to maintain a way of life that is comfortable to them. They’ll cling to old religions; they’ll fasten with the grip of death on ethics that were dead, without their knowing it, centuries before; they will embrace a logic that can be blown over with a breath, still claiming it is sacrosanct.
“But I’m not like this. I am a foolish sentimentalist and my optimism is incurable. To prove that, I shall start, as soon as you are gone, sending out the probes again. When they begin returning, a hundred years from now, a millennium from now, we shall be here and waiting, eager to find out what they have brought back, hoping it will be something we can use.”
At times there had been small bands of scouts who sat their horses on a distant skyline and looked them over, then had disappeared, carrying back their word to the waiting tribes. Making sure, perhaps, that the march of this defiant group still traveled under the protection of the grotesques from Thunder Butte.
The weather had been good and the travel easy. Now that they had reached the home prairies, Cushing estimated that in another ten days they’d be standing before the walls of the university. There they would be accepted. There they would find those who would listen and understand. It might be, he thought, that it was for that very moment that the university had preserved itself all these long years, keeping intact a nucleus of sanity that would be open to a new idea—not accepting it blindly, but for study and consideration. When they set out next spring for Thunder Butte, there would be some from the university, he was certain, who would travel the return journey with them.
Meg was a short distance ahead of him and he trotted to catch up with her. She still carried the brain case, awkward as it might be to carry. During all the miles they’d traveled, it had been always with her. She had clutched it to her, even in her sleep.
“One thing we must be sure of,” she had told him days before. “Any sensitive who uses a brain case must realize and accept the commitment to it. Once having made contact with it, that contact must continue. You cannot awaken a brain, then walk away from it. It becomes, in a way, a part of you. It becomes best friend, your other self.”
“And when a sensitive dies?” he asked. “The brain case can outlive many humans. When the best friend human dies, what then?”
“We’ll have to work that out,” she said. “Another sensitive standing by, perhaps, to take over when the first one’s gone. Another to replace you. Or, by that time, we may have been able to devise some sort of electronic system that can give the brain cases access to the world. Give them sight and hearing and a voice. I know that would be a return to technology, which we have foresworn, but, laddie boy, it may be we’ll have to make certain accommodations to technology.”
That might be true, he knew—if they only could. Thinking of it, he was not sure that it was possible. Many years of devoted research and development lay as a background to the achievement of even the simplest electronic device. Even with the technological library at the Place of Going to the Stars, it might not be possible to pick up the art again. For it was not a matter of the knowledge only, of knowing how it worked. It was, as well, the matter of manufacturing the materials that would be needed. Electronics had been based not on the knowledge of the art alone but on a massive technological capability. Even in his most hopeful moments he was forced to realize that it was probably now beyond man’s capacity to reproduce a system that would replace that old lost capability.
In destroying his technologic civilization, man might have made an irreversible decision. In all likelihood, there was no going back. Fear alone might be a deterrent, the deep, implanted fear that being successful, there’d be no stopping place; that once reinstituted, technology would go on and on, building up again the monster that had once been killed. It was unlikely that such a situation could come about again, and so the fear would not be valid, but the fear would still be there. It would inhibit any move to regain even a part of what had been lost in the Time of Trouble.
So, if mankind were to continue in other than the present barbarism, a new path must be found, a new civilization based on some other method than technology. In sleepless nights he had tried to imagine that other method, that other path, and there had been no way to know. It was beyond his mental capability to imagine. The primordial ancestor who had chipped a rock to fashion the first crude tool could not have dreamed of the kind of tools that his descendants would bring about, based on the concept implicit in the first stone with a contrived cutting edge. And so it was in the present day. Already mankind, unnoticed, might have made that first faltering step toward the path that it would follow. If it had not, the answer, or many different answers, might be in the data banks of Thunder Butte.
He caught up with Meg and walked beside her.
“There is one thing, laddie boy, that worries me,” she said. “You say the university will let us in and accept us and I have no doubt of that, for you know the people there. But what about the Team? Will they accept the Team? How will they relate to them?”
Cushing laughed, realizing it was the first time he had laughed in days.
“That will be beautiful,” he said. “Wait until you see it. The Team picking the university apart, the university picking the Team apart. Each of them finding out what makes the other tick.”
He threw up his head and laughed again, his laughter rolling across the plains.
“My God,” he said, “it will be wonderful. I can’t wait to see it.”
Now he let the thought creep in—the thought that until now he had firmly suppressed in a reluctance to allow himself even to think of a hope that might not be there.
The Team was made up of two alien beings, living represent
atives of another life form that had achieved intelligence and that must have formed a complex civilization earmarked by an intellectual curiosity. Intellectual curiosity would be, almost by definition, a characteristic of any civilization, but a characteristic that might vary in its intensity. That the Team’s civilization has more than its full share of it was evidenced by their being here.
It was just possible that the Team might be willing, perhaps even eager, to help mankind with its problems. Whether they could offer anything of value was, of course, unknown; but, lacking anything else of value, the alien direction of their thought processes and their viewpoints might provide new starting points for man’s own thinking, might serve to short-circuit the rut in which man was apt to think, nudging him into fresh approaches and nonhuman logic.
In the free interchange of information and opinion that would take place between the Team and the university, much might be learned by both sides. For although the university no longer could qualify as an elite intellectual community, the old tradition of learning, perhaps even of research, still existed there. Within its walls were men and women who could still be stirred by that intellectual thirst which in ages past had shaped the culture mankind had built and then in a few months’ time had brought down to destruction.
Although not entirely to destruction, he reminded himself. On Thunder Butte the last remnants, the most sophisticated remnants, of that old, condemned technology still remained. Ironically, that remnant was now the one last hope of mankind.
What might have happened, he asked himself, if man had withheld his destruction of technology for a few more centuries? If he had, then the full force of it would have been available to work out the possible answers contained in the data banks of Thunder Butte. But this, he realized, might not necessarily have followed. The sheer weight, the arrogant power, of a full-scale, runaway technology might have simply rejected, overridden and destroyed what might be there as irrelevant. After all, with as great a technology as mankind possessed, what was the need of it?
Perhaps, just possibly, despite all man’s present shortcomings, it might be better this way. As a matter of fact, we’re not so badly off, he told himself. We have a few things on which to pin some hopes—Thunder Butte, the Team, the university, the still-living robotic brains, the unimpeded rise of sensitive abilities, the Trees, the Snakes, the Followers.
And how in the world could the Snakes or Followers—? And then he sternly stopped this line of thought. When it came to hope, you did not write off even the faintest hope of all. You held on to every hope; you cherished all; you let none get away.
“Laddie boy,” said Meg. “I said it once before, and I’ll say it now again. It’s been a lovely trip.”
“Yes,” said Cushing. “Yes, you are right. It has been all of that.”
City
In Memory of Scootie, Who Was Nathaniel
Introduction
Clifford D. Simak did not dedicate his books very often, but he dedicated this one—to his dog. He loved dogs, and he made them prominent features of a number of his stories—and in this case he made it clear that the dog in question, Scootie, was the model for Nathaniel, who can be found in “Census,” the third episode in this book, and who became legend to succeeding generations of dogs.
Scootie was, yes, a Scottie—a black one (there is a photograph to prove it).
And yet, although dogs and a robot dominate the memories of this book for generations of readers, no dog appears in its first episode, “City,” nor does any robot, unless you want to count an “automatic” lawn mower.
This book, City, is undoubtedly one of the classics of the science fiction field; its images of talking dogs, of humans abandoning Earth, of a guardian robot, and of intelligent ants are iconic even today, more than sixty years after those concepts were created.
But City (the book) was not created as most novels are; rather, it was written bit by bit, in the form of eight short stories seemingly intended only for magazine publications across a string of nearly nine years beginning in 1943. (A ninth story would be added to the canon twenty-one years after the book’s publication in 1952 and then only because the author felt himself to have no choice but to do so; see his comments preceding that last story, “Epilog.”)
The book was created by stringing the separate stories in order and then inserting interstitial materials between them—materials crafted as “notes” written by doggish commentators long after the events in the stories had taken place. But few today realize that in doing so, the author altered some of the stories, particularly the earlier ones, from their magazine versions, which may be found in the collections of Simak short stories that will be published by Open Road Media. (Be not angry: The changes, which are here in this volume, were small, and did not affect the meanings of the stories.)
Another thing that most readers do not realize about City is that the fourth story, “Desertion,” was actually the first of the stories to be written: Cliff Simak’s journals show that it was sent to John W. Campbell Jr.—the editor of Astounding—in July of 1943. But it would not be published until November 1944, by which time Simak had written, and Campbell had purchased and published, three other stories of the series (“City,” “Huddling Place,” and “Census”). And this raises the question of whether the concept of the entire book was in Simak’s head (or Campbell’s) early enough to explain why “Desertion” was held for later publication—for certainly “Desertion,” one of the greatest stories the field has ever produced, should have been published earlier. And since it contains in itself no hint that it had a place in any series, there would have been no reason to hold it up unless it was recognized, even before publication, that it provided the platform needed for its sequel, “Paradise.”
Over the decades since its publication, thousands of words of analysis and criticism have been written about both the book version of City and the individual stories from which it was created. But few have thought much about, or commented on, those interstitial “notes” I mentioned, which were added by the author, presumably, sometime in the late forties or early fifties, while he was getting the stories into their ultimate book form. (Although Cliff kept, on a sporadic basis, journals that recorded some information regarding his writing, there seem to be none that covers that period.)
One of those who did appreciate those “notes” was Robert Silverberg, who, writing as Calvin Knox in 1959, found them to be “magnificently funny,” likening them to parodies of biblical analyses. More importantly, Silverberg correctly pointed out that the “notes” served to unify the book.
The academic critic Thomas D. Clareson once commented that “even detailed summaries of the individual stories in the City series do not convey the impact of these stories when read within the narrative framework.” And he was dead right.
In this case, perhaps the whole really is greater than the sum of its parts. And maybe too little attention has been paid, in all those years, to the authorial work that created those “notes.” Does genius lie in them, made all the more powerful by their brevity? I wish one could know how long it took Cliff to write them … he had first to conceive of the ideas, and then to carry them out … how many drafts might there have been? Did he struggle? Did he draft, and draft again? He produced little by way of new works of fiction during that period of the late 1940s, but I am loath to speculate that he might have been hung up on making a book from the City stories … and it must be remembered that his first child was born in 1947, a second would follow in 1951—and in between he became news editor of the Minneapolis Star-Tribune. Surely he had a lot on his mind.
The stories themselves, I suggest—no matter how well done they may be as individual stories—are after all just individual stories; it is the “notes,” as Silverberg suggested, that place them in a context that lights them up with the extra layers of implied meaning that could not be gleaned from the stories themselves. And this idea seems to be somewhat corroborated
by Thomas F. Monteleone’s comment that although a Simak story may be summarized “easily,” its quality must be determined by its “rich characterization, human feeling, and intellectual depth.”
In other words, you have to go beyond the plots to really appreciate Simak’s works: His plots, while sometimes great, are replicable; the humanity with which the stories are told is not. It is perhaps similar to the way one can sometimes see, and feel, the meaning, the depth, even the love, in a quiet face, in silent, bright eyes …
Although the first of the stories to be published, “City,” would initially be somewhat overlooked, critical acclaim for the stories of the series would soon begin to build—and by the time the book was published in 1952, a number of critics were pointing to the series as the sign that Simak, roughly twenty years after he had begun writing fiction, had become a major writer (although some of us would argue that those signs were there in earlier stories too). Anthony Boucher once called City the “high-water mark in science fiction,” and Clareson identified the element of Simak’s “harsh judgment in City of man’s surrender to technology” as marking a “turning point in magazine science fiction.”
Cliff Simak had, as early as 1939, criticized those stories in science fiction that were mere “pointless adventure” or whose cardboard characters appeared only as mouthpieces for the exposition of some scientific theory or apparatus. But City changed that, demanding of its readers some understanding, a certain level of compassion for characters of types other than those then familiar to mainstream thinking. The City stories, by demonstrating a level of moral complexity seldom seen in science fiction up until that time, moved the genre away from being only about humankind’s selfish concerns and opened readers’ eyes to the concept of a world with other intelligences, or even without mankind.
In 1974 Clifford Simak would say that in preparing to write the ninth story, “Epilog,” he had reread the book versions of the series for the first time since its publication, and that thereafter he “ached” to rewrite the individual stories. At the time he wrote them, he said, he had felt that the stories represented an advance in his craftsmanship, a step forward in his maturity as a writer. And yet, recognizing that the authorial craft, when practiced by one who is, as he put it, “worth his salt,” never stands still, but always advances, Simak later would be able to see flaws in his prior work that the author he had become would never have allowed if he had been around earlier.