Or rather: between the end of the times when people with certain jobs worked round the clock and the end of the times when you imagined that certain commodities would never be used up, lies a whole era of history whose length varies from country to country, person to person. So let me say that right now I am experiencing simultaneously the rise, apex and decline of the so-called opulent societies, the same way a rotating drill pushes in an instant from one millennium to the next as it cuts through the sedimentary rocks of the Pliocene, the Cretaceous, the Triassic.
I take stock of my situation in space and time, confirming the data supplied by the kilometre clock, just returned to zero, the fuel gauge now steady on zero, and the time clock, whose short hand is still high in the meridian quadrant. In the meridian hours, when the Water Truce brings thirsty tiger and stag to the same muddy pool, my car searches in vain for refreshment as the Oil Truce sends it scurrying from pump to pump. In the meridian hours of the Cretaceous living creatures surged on the surface of the sea, swarms of minute algae and thin shells of plankton, soft sponges and sharp corals, simmering in the heat of a sun that will go on living through them in the long circumnavigation life begins after death, when reduced to a light rain of animal and vegetal detritus they sediment down in shallow waters, sink in the mud, and with the passing cataclysms are chewed up in the jaws of calcareous rocks, digested in the folds of syncline and anticline, liquefied in dense oils that push upward through dark subterranean porosities until they spurt out in the midst of the desert and burst into flames that once again warm the earth’s surface in a blaze of primordial noon.
And here in the middle of the noonday urban desert I’ve spotted an open service station: a swarm of cars surges around it. There are no attendants; it’s one of those self-service pumps that take notes in a machine. The drivers are busy pulling chrome pump nozzles out of their sheaths, they stop in mid-gesture to read instructions, uncertain hands push buttons, snakes of rubber arch their retractable coils. My hands fiddle with a pump, hands that grew up in a period of transition, that are used to waiting for other hands to perform those actions indispensable for my survival. That this state of affairs wasn’t permanent I was always aware, in theory; in theory my hands would like nothing better than to regain their role of performing all the manual operations of the race, just as in the past when inclement nature beset a man armed with no more than his two bare hands, so today we are beset by a mechanical world that is doubtless more easily manipulated than brute nature, the world in which our hands will henceforth have to go back to managing on their own, no longer able to pass on to other hands the mechanical labour our daily life depends on.
As it turns out my hands are a little disappointed: the pump is so easy to work you wonder why on earth self-service didn’t become commonplace ages ago. But the satisfaction of doing it yourself isn’t much greater than that of using an automatic chocolate bar dispenser, or any other money munching device. The only operations that require some attention are those involved in paying. You have to place a thousand lire note in the right position in a little drawer, so that a photoelectric eye can recognize the effigy of Giuseppe Verdi, or perhaps just the thin metal strip that crosses every banknote. It seems the value of the thousand lire is entirely concentrated in that strip; when the note is swallowed up a light goes on, and I have to hurry to push the nozzle of the pump into the mouth of the tank and send the jet gushing in, compact and trembling in its iridescent transparency, have to hurry to enjoy this gift that is incapable of gratifying my senses but nevertheless avidly craved by that part of me which is my means of locomotion. I have just enough time to think all this when with a sharp click the flow stops, the lights go off. The complicated mechanism set in motion a few seconds ago is already stilled and inert, the stirring of those telluric powers my rituals called to life lasted no more than an instant. In return for a thousand lire reduced to a meagre metal strip the pump will concede only a meagre quantity of petrol. Crude costs eleven dollars a barrel.
I have to start all over again, feed in another note, then others again, a thousand lire a go. Money and the subterranean world are family and they go back a long way; their relationship unfolds in one cataclysm after another, sometimes desperately slow, sometimes quite sudden; as I fill my tank at the self-service station a bubble of gas swells up in a black lake buried beneath the Persian Gulf, an emir silently raises hands hidden in wide white sleeves and folds them on his chest, in a skyscraper an Exxon computer is crunching numbers, far out to sea a cargo fleet gets the order to change course, I rummage in my pockets, the puny power of paper money evaporates.
I look around: I’m the only one left by the deserted pumps. The to-ing and fro-ing of cars round the only filling station open at this hour has unexpectedly stopped, as if at this very moment the convergence of creeping cataclysms had suddenly produced the ultimate cataclysm, the simultaneous drying up perhaps of oilwells pipelines tanks pumps carburettors oil sumps. Progress does have its risks, what matters is being able to say you foresaw them. For a while now I’ve been getting used to imagining the future without flinching, I can already see rows of abandoned cobweb-draped cars, the city reduced to a plastic scrap heap, people running with sacks on their backs chased by rats.
All of a sudden I’m seized by a craving to get out of here; but to go where? I don’t know, it doesn’t matter; perhaps I just want to burn up what little energy is left us and finish off the cycle. I’ve dug out a last thousand lire to siphon off one more shot of fuel.
A sports car stops at the filling station. The driver, a girl wrapped in the spirals of her flowing hair, scarf and woollen turtle-neck, lifts a small nose from this tangled mass and says: ‘Fill her up.’
I’m standing there with the nozzle in the air; I may as well dedicate the last octanes to her, so they at least leave a memory of pleasant colours when they burn, in a world where everything is so unattractive: the operations I perform, the materials I use, the salvation I can hope for. I unscrew the fuel cap on the sports car, slip in the pump’s slanted beak, press the button, and as I feel the jet penetrate, I at last experience something like the memory of a distant pleasure, the sort of vital strength that establishes a relationship, a liquid flow is passing between myself and the stranger at the wheel.
She has turned to look at me, she lifts the big frames of her glasses, she has green eyes of iridescent transparency. ‘But you’re not a pump attendant… What are you doing… Why…’ I want her to understand that this is an extreme act of love on my part, I want to involve her in the last blast of heat the human race can make its own, an act of love that is an act of violence too, a rape, a mortal embrace of subterranean powers.
I make a sign for her to shush and point down with my hand in the air as though to warn her that the spell could break any second, then I make a circular gesture as if to say it’s all the same, and what I mean is that through me a black Pluto is reaching up from the underworld to carry off, through her, a blazing Persephone, because that’s how that ruthless devourer of living substances, the Earth, starts her cycle over again.
She laughs, revealing two pointed young incisors. She’s uncertain. The search for oil deposits in California has brought to light skeletons of animal species extinct these fifty thousand years, including a sabre-toothed tiger, doubtless attracted by a stretch of water lying on the surface of a black lake of pitch which sucked the animal in and swallowed it up.
But the short time granted me is over: the flow stops, the pump is still, the embrace is broken off. There’s a deep silence, as if all engines everywhere had ceased their firing and the wheeling life of the human race had stopped. The day the earth’s crust reabsorbs the cities, this plankton sediment that was humankind will be covered by geological layers of asphalt and cement until in millions of years’ time it thickens into oily deposits, on whose behalf we do not know.
I look into her eyes: she doesn’t understand, perhaps she’s only just beginning to get scared. Well, I’ll count t
o a hundred: if the silence goes on, I’ll take her hand and we’ll start to run.
Neanderthal Man
INTERVIEWER: I’m speaking from the picturesque Neander valley, near Dusseldorf. Around me lies a contorted landscape of calcareous rocks. My voice resounds against the walls both of natural caves and man-made quarries. It was during work on these stone quarries that in 1856 one of the oldest inhabitants of this valley was found, someone who settled here about thirty-five thousand years ago. Neanderthal Man: that was how they agreed to call him, after the valley. I have come to Neanderthal to interview him. Mr Neander—I will address him with this simplified appellation throughout our interview—Mr Neander, as you may know, is somewhat diffident by nature, bad-tempered even, partly it’s his old age, and he doesn’t seem particularly impressed by the international fame he enjoys. Nevertheless he has politely agreed to answer a few questions for our programme. Here he comes now, with his characteristic rather lolloping gait, looking me over from beneath the prominent arch of his eyebrows. This immediately prompts me to ask him a somewhat indiscreet question out of a curiosity doubtless shared by many of our listeners. Mr Neander, did you expect to become so famous? I mean: as far as we know, you never did anything remarkable in your life: then all of a sudden you found you were a very important person. How do you explain this?
NEANDER: That’s what you say. Were you there? Me yes, I was there. You no.
INTERVIEWER: Agreed, you were there. Well, do you feel that is sufficient?
NEANDER: I was already there.
INTERVIEWER: That’s a useful point I think. Mr Neander’s great merit isn’t so much the simple fact of being there, but of having already been there, having been there then, before so many others. Precedence is a quality no one would wish to deny Mr Neander. However much… even before that, as further research has demonstrated—and as you yourself can confirm, isn’t that right, Mr Neander?—we find traces, many traces and on a number of continents, of human beings, yes, already human humans…
NEANDER: My dad…
INTERVIEWER: Right back as far as a million years before…
NEANDER: My gran…
INTERVIEWER: Hence your precedence, Mr Neander, no one can deny you, though it would seem to be a relative precedence: let’s say that you are the first…
NEANDER: Before you anyway…
INTERVIEWER: Agreed, but that’s not the point. What I mean is that you were the first to be believed to be the first by those who came after.
NEANDER: That’s what you think. Before that there’s my dad…
INTERVIEWER: Not only him, but…
NEANDER: My gran…
INTERVIEWER: And before that? Concentrate now, Mr Neander: your gran’s gran!
NEANDER: No.
INTERVIEWER: What do you mean, no?
NEANDER: The bear!
INTERVIEWER: The bear! A totemic ancestor! As you have heard, Mr Neander considers the forefather of his family tree to have been a bear, no doubt the animal-totem taken as the symbol of his clan, his family!
NEANDER: Your family you mean! First there’s the bear, then the bear goes and eats up gran… Then there’s me, then I go and I kill the bear… Then I eat up the bear.
INTERVIEWER: Allow me to explain to our listeners for a moment, Mr Neander, the valuable information you are giving us. First there’s the bear! how well you express it, asserting with great clarity the precedence of raw nature, of the biological world, which forms the backdrop, isn’t that right, Mr Neander?, the lush backdrop to the advent of man, and it is when man steps so to speak into the limelight of history that the great adventure of our struggle with nature begins, a nature that is first our enemy, then is gradually subdued to our will, a process lasting thousands of years that Mr Neander has evoked so powerfully in the dramatic scene of the bearhunt, a myth almost of the founding of our history…
NEANDER: It was me was there. Not you. There was the bear. Where I go the bear comes. The bear is all around where I am, if not, not.
INTERVIEWER: Right. It seems that our Mr Neander’s mental horizon goes no further than that part of the world that lies in his immediate field of perception, excluding any representation of events occurring beyond that in time or space. The bear is where I see the bear, he says, if I don’t see it, it’s not there. This is certainly a limitation one would wish to bear in mind during the rest of the interview, taking care not to ask him questions that exceed, isn’t that right?, the intellectual capacities of a still rudimentary stage in the cycle of evolution…
NEANDER: That’s you. What are you talking about? What do you know? Food, right? It’s the same food I’m after and the bear’s after. The best at catching the quick animals is me; the best at catching the big animals is the bear. Right? And then either it’s the bear takes them off me or me takes them off the bear. Right?
INTERVIEWER: Perfectly clear, I agree, Mr Neander, no need to get worked up. It’s a case, how can we say, of symbiosis between two species, one species of the genus homo and the other of the genus ursus; or rather, what we have is a biological equilibrium, if you like: in the midst of the ruthless ferocity of the fight for survival, a tacit understanding is established…
NEANDER: And then, either it’s the bear kills me, or me that kills him, the bear…
INTERVIEWER: There we are, the fight for survival flares up again, the best adapted wins, not just the strongest that is—and Mr Neander, despite his rather short legs, is very muscular—but above all the most intelligent, and Mr Neander, despite the concave curve to his almost horizontal forehead, displays surprising mental faculties… Here is the question I’ve been wanting to ask you, Mr Neander: was there a moment when you feared the human race might go under? You understand me, Mr Neander, might disappear from the face of the earth?
NEANDER: My gran… My gran on the ground…
INTERVIEWER: Mr Neander goes back to this episode that must have been a, let’s say, traumatizing experience in his past… Or rather: in our past.
NEANDER: The bear on the ground… I ate the bear… Me: not you.
INTERVIEWER: Precisely, that’s another thing I wanted to ask: was there a moment when you had the clear impression of the human race’s having won, the certainty that it would be the bear that would die out, not us, because nothing could stop our onward march, and that you Mr Neander would one day deserve our gratitude, I mean the gratitude of a humanity that has reached the highest point of its evolution, a gratitude I now extend to you today from this microphone…
NEANDER: Mmm… Me if I have to go on I go on… if I have to stop I stop… if I have to eat the bear I stop and eat the bear… Afterwards I go on, the bear stops still, a bone here, on the ground, a bone there, on the ground… Behind me come the others, they come on, up to where the bear is, stopped still, the others stop, they eat the bear… My son gnaws at a bone, another son of mine gnaws at another bone, another son of mine gnaws at another bone…
INTERVIEWER: Mr Neander is now bringing to life for us one of the culminating moments in the life of a clan of hunters: the ritual banquet after a successful hunt…
NEANDER: My brother-in-law gnaws another bone, my wife gnaws another bone…
INTERVIEWER: As you will have heard in Mr Neander’s own words, women were the last to help themselves at the ritual banquet, which constitutes an admission of the inferior social status to which women were condemned…
NEANDER: Your woman you mean! First I bring the bear to my wife, my wife lights the fire beneath the bear, then I go off to pick some basil, then I get back with the basil and I say: well now, where is the bear’s thigh? and my wife says: I ate it, right? to check if it was still raw, right?
INTERVIEWER: As early as the communities of hunters and gatherers—for this is what emerges from Mr Neander’s account—there was already a strict division of labour between men and women…
NEANDER: Then I go off to pick some marjoram, then I get back with the marjoram and I say: well now, where’s the bear?
??s other thigh? and my wife says: I ate it, right? to check if it was already burnt, right? And I say: well now, you know who’s going to go and pick the oregano, don’t you? You’re going, I’m telling you, you’re going for the oregano, yes you are.
INTERVIEWER: From this delightful little family vignette we can glean many hard facts about the life of Neanderthal man: first, his knowledge of fire and its use in cooking; second, the gathering of aromatic herbs and their gastronomic application; third, the consumption of meat in large detached portions, which would require the use of proper cutting implements and hence implies a highly developed ability to work flint. But let’s hear if our guest has anything to tell us about this himself. I will formulate the question in such a way as not to influence his response: Mr Neander, you with your stones, yes, those nice round stones you see so many of hereabouts, didn’t you ever try, I don’t know, to play with them, to bang them against each other a bit, to see if they were really that hard?
NEANDER: What’s that you’re saying about stones? Don’t you know what you do with a stone! Clank! Clank! That’s me with a stone: clank! You get the stone, right? you put it on a big stone, you get that other stone, you lay into it, sharp, clank! you know where to hit it sharp? there! that’s where you hit it!: clank! a sharp hit! go on! ow! that way you squash your finger! Then you suck your finger, then you jump up and down, then you get hold of that other stone again, you put the stone back on the big stone, clank! You see it’s split in two, a thick splinter and a thinner splinter, one curved this way, the other curved that way, you pick up this one that’s easy to hold, this way, like this, you pick up the other with the other hand, that way, like that, and off you go: clunk! understand that you go clunk there, right there, go on! ow! you’ve stuck the point in your hand! then you suck your hand, turn round on one foot, then you get hold of the splinter again, the other splinter in the other hand, clunk!, a little splinter’s split off, ow! in your eye! you rub your eye with your hand, kick the big stone, get hold of the thick splinter again and the thin splinter, clunk! you split off another splinter right nearby, clunk! another, clunk! yet another, and you see that where they’ve split off they’ve left a nick that goes in nice and round, and then another nick, and then another nick, like that up and down all around, and then on the other side too, clunk! clunk! see how it’s coming off all around, finer and finer, sharper and sharper…