Zimbardo, P. G., Maslach, C., & Haney, C. 2000. Reflections on the Stanford prison experiment: Genesis, transformations, consequences. In T. Blass, ed., Current perspectives on the Milgram paradigm . Mahwah, N.J.: Erlbaum.

  Zimring, F. E. 2007. The great American crime decline. New York: Oxford University Press.

  Zipf, G. K. 1935. The psycho-biology of language: An introduction to dynamic philology. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.

  INDEX

  Note: Page numbers in italics refer to figures.

  Abilene paradox

  abolition of capital punishment

  abolition of chemical weapons

  abolition of corporal punishment

  abolition of nuclear weapons

  abolition of slavery

  abolition of torture

  abortion

  and crime decline

  and infanticide

  sex-selective

  Abraham

  Abrahms, Max

  abstraction

  Abu Ghraib prison

  Achilles

  Adams, John

  adolescence:

  and crime

  male, see young men

  peer influence in

  adoption studies

  adrenaline

  affirmative action

  Afghanistan

  Soviet invasion of

  U.S. war in

  Africa

  independence in

  wars in

  African Americans:

  civil rights of

  community actions of

  family lives of

  and hate crimes

  homicide rates of

  lynching of

  Million Man March

  and 1960s decivilization

  in prison

  racist views of

  segregation of

  as slaves

  violence by

  African Union

  Against Our Will (Brownmiller)

  Agamemnon

  Age of Dynasties

  Age of Ideology

  Age of Nationalism

  age of psychology

  Age of Reason

  Age of Religions

  Age of Sovereignty

  Age of Terror

  aggression:

  and the brain

  control of

  forward panic (rampage)

  heritability of

  logic of

  and pain

  triggers of

  agriculture:

  and animals

  emergence of

  Ahmadinejad, Mahmoud

  Akey, Joshua

  Albania

  Albigensian Crusade; see also Cathars

  alcohol

  Alexander II, Czar

  Alfonzo, Juan Pérez

  Algeria

  Ali, Ayaan Hirsi

  Al-Jazeera

  Allen, Woody

  Allison, Graham

  All Quiet on the Western Front (film)

  Alm, Steven

  al-Odah, Salman

  Al Qaeda

  al-Sadr, Muqtada

  Al Sharif, Sayyid Imam (Dr. Fadl)

  Altamont Festival

  Alter, Karen

  altruism:

  biological

  empathy-altruism hypothesis

  nepotistic

  reciprocal

  sympathy-altruism hypothesis

  uses of term

  al-Zawahiri, Ayman

  Amazons

  American Humane Association

  Amin

  Amnesty International

  Amsterdam

  Anabaptists

  anarchy

  and dominance

  and feuding

  and genocide

  and realism

  and self-help justice

  and terrorism

  Andaman Islanders

  Andersen, Hans Christian

  Andrew, Saint

  Angell, Norman

  anger; see also Rage circuit

  Angier, Natalie

  animals:

  blood sports

  domesticated

  eating meat of

  factory farms

  fishing

  hunting

  in movies

  in research

  rights of

  anocracy (semidemocracy)

  “anthropologists of peace,”

  antisocial personality disorder; see also psychopaths

  antiwar movements; see also pacifism

  apartheid

  Apollonian vs. Dionysian cultures

  apologies

  Aquinas, Saint Thomas

  Arafat, Yasir

  archaeology

  Archer, John

  Archimedes

  Ardipithecus ramidus

  Arendt, Hannah

  Argentina

  aristocrats

  deaths from violence

  Aristophanes, Lysistrata

  Aristotle

  armed forces:

  as band of brothers

  conscription of

  effectiveness of

  Ethical Marine Warrior

  file closers

  mercenary

  military revolution

  reluctance to shoot

  size of

  willingness to die

  Armenians, genocide of

  Aronson, Elliot

  Asal, Victor

  Asch, Solomon

  Ash-Sheikh, Abdulaziz

  Asia:

  abortion in

  female infanticide in

  historiography in

  homicide rates in

  hunter-gatherers in

  legal discrimination in

  massacres in

  New Peace in

  spanking in

  violence against animals in

  violence against women in

  wars in

  assassinations; see also regicide

  Astell, Mary

  Athens, democracy in

  Atlas, Charles

  Atran, Scott

  atrocities, twenty worst in history

  attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

  Atwood, Brian

  Augustine, Saint

  Australia

  domestic violence in

  homicide in

  peace imposed in New Guinea

  penal colony

  warfare among aborigines

  australopithecenes

  Austria-Hungary

  autarky; see also trade, international

  Authority Ranking

  autocracy

  and Age of Nationalism

  and democide

  Islamic

  punishment in

  and the social dilemma

  autonomic nervous system

  Autonomy, ethic of

  availability heuristic

  Axelrod, Robert

  Aztecs

  baby boomers:

  crime among

  influence of television on

  and 1960s counterculture

  Bacon, Francis

  balance of power

  balance of terror

  Bales, Kevin

  Bandura, Albert

  Bangladesh

  Barbara, Saint

  Barth, Karl

  Batson, Daniel

  Baumeister, Roy

  Evil

  and self-control

  Bays, Paul

  Beatles

  Beccaria, Cesare

  On Crimes and Punishments

  Beirut, U.S. servicemen bombed in

  Belarus

  Belgium

  Bell, David

  Bell, Derrick

  bell curve, see normal distribution

  Belloc, Hillaire

  Benedict, Ruth, Patterns of Culture

  Bentham, Jeremy

  Berlin, Isaiah

  Berlin Wall

  Bethmann-Hollweg, Theobald von

  Betzig, Laura

>   Bhagavad-Gita

  Bhutto, Benazir

  Bible:

  capital punishment in

  debt bondage in

  historical analysis of

  and homophobia

  human sacrifice in

  and legislation

  New Testament

  Old Testament

  popularity of

  slavery in

  Big Parade, The (film)

  Bill of Rights, U.S.

  bin Laden, Osama

  bioethics

  biological weapons

  Birmingham, Alabama, church bombing

  birthday paradox

  Black, Donald

  Black Death

  Blackwell, Aaron

  Blair, Tony

  blank slate

  blasphemy

  blood and soil

  blood feuds; see also revenge

  blood libel

  blood money (wergild)

  blood sports

  Bloom, Paul

  Bluebeard

  bobbies

  Bobo, Lawrence

  Bokassa, Jean-Bédel

  Boleyn, Anne

  bonobos (pygmy chimps)

  book production

  Boone, Daniel

  Borat (film)

  borderline personality disorder

  border wars; see also territory

  Bosnia

  Boston

  crime in

  homicides in

  police

  Public Library

  revolutionary

  and social identity

  TenPoint coalition

  Boston Strangler

  Bradford, William

  brain

  and aggression

  amygdala

  anterior cingulate cortex

  cerebral cortex

  cerebrum

  Dominance circuit

  dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

  and empathy

  Fear circuit

  forebrain

  frontal lobes

  gray matter

  hindbrain

  hypothalamus

  insula

  Intermale Aggression circuit, see brain, Dominance circuit

  limbic system

  maturation of

  midbrain

  motor strip

  orbital cortex

  damage to

  and emotion

  and empathy

  and Equality Matching

  and psychopathy

  and revenge

  and self-control

  and violence

  orbitofrontal cortex, see brain, orbital cortex

  parietal lobes

  periaqueductal gray

  prefrontal cortex; see also brain, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; brain, frontal

  brain (cont.) lobes; brain, orbital cortex; brain, ventromedial prefrontal cortex

  Rage circuit

  rat

  Seeking circuit; see also striatum

  and self-control

  striatum, ventral

  Sylvian fissure

  temporoparietal junction

  ventromedial prefrontal cortex

  Brazil

  Brecke, Peter

  Bridges, Ruby Nell

  Bright, John

  Brisson, Jacques-Pierre

  Britain/United Kingdom

  animal rights in

  colonies of

  and Declaration of Human Rights

  as great power

  and homophobia

  and IQ

  and Long Peace

  opium wars

  political apologies by

  and Roman Empire

  slave trade

  violence in

  in war

  see also England; Ireland; Scotland; Wales

  British Empire

  Broca, Paul

  Broken Windows theory

  Bronner, Ethan

  Brooke, Rupert

  Brooks, David

  Brooks, Mel

  Brophy, Brigid

  Brown, Donald

  Brown, Harold

  Brown, Jeffrey

  Browning, Christopher

  Brownmiller, Susan

  Broyles, William

  Bruno, Giordano

  Brunswick, Duke of

  Buckley, William

  Buhaug, Halvard

  Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists

  bullfighting

  bullying

  Bundy, Ted

  Buñuel, Luis

  Burger, Jerry

  Burke, Edmund

  Burks, Stephen

  Burr, Aaron

  Burundi, genocide in

  Bush, George H. W.

  Bush, George W.

  Buss, David

  Byrd, James, Jr.

  bystander apathy

  “cads vs. dads,”

  Cairns, Warwick

  Calas, Jean

  California:

  animal rights in

  genocide of Native Americans

  Gold Rush

  homicides in

  self-esteem task force

  “Three Strikes and You’re Out” law

  violence among Native Americans

  Caligula, Emperor

  Calvin, John

  Cambodia

  Campbell, Martha

  Camp David accords (2000)