25 Thurloe, V, p. 645.
26 Very curious story concerning Charles II.
27 Thurloe, VII, p. 325.
28 Mercurius Politicus, 10–17 July 1656.
29 Scott, Lucy Walter, pp. 117–22; C. S. P. Clarendon, II, p. 419; Thurloe, I, p. 665.
30 Crist, Taaffe, No. 13.
31 Crist, Taaffe, No. 5.
32 Crist, Taaffe, Nos 7, 15.
33 Childs, p. 2; Clarendon, MSS, Vol. 54, fol. 189.
34 C. S. P. Clarendon, III, p. 374.
35 Letters, p. 54.
36 C. S. P. Clarendon, III, p. 364.
37 Underdown, p. 217.
38 Scott, Exile, p. 341.
39 C. S. P. Clarendon, III, p. 307.
Chapter 11: At the Waterside
1 C. S. P. Clarendon, IV, p. 75.
2 Crist, Taaffe, No. 20.
3 C. S. P. Clarendon, IV, p. 77.
4 Clarendon’s History, VI, p. 98.
5 Thurloe, VII, p. 374.
6 Abbott, Cromwell, IV, p. 732; C. S. P. Clarendon, IV, p. 428.
7 Letters, p. 69.
8 See Underdown passim for a consideration of his character.
9 Carte, Letters, II, p. 207.
10 Habbakuk, p. 202; Ashley, Monck, p. 153 et seq.
11 Thurloe, IV, p. 88.
12 Letters, p. 65; Ashley, Monck, p. 160; C. S. P. Clarendon, IV, pp. 268–9.
13 Carte, Letters, II, p. 278.
14 Hartmann, Madame, p. 35.
15 Motteville, III, p. 244.
16 Letters, p. 80.
17 Letters, p. 89.
18 James II (as Duke of York), p. 291.
19 Pepys, 11 February 1660.
20 Harris, I, p. 281.
21 True and Good News from Brussels.
22 Pepys, 7 February, 11 February, 5 March, 16 March 1660.
23 Clarendon MSS, Vol. 69, fol. 67.
24 Haley, Shaftesbury, pp. 132, 138; C. S. P. Clarendon, IV, p. 678.
25 Letters, p. 81.
26 Letters, p. 83.
27 Letters, p. 86 et seq.
28 C. S. P. Clarendon, IV, pp. 657, 678, 685.
29 Pepys, 1 May 1660.
30 See Lower, Journal of the Voyage for details of this journey.
31 Corfitz Braëm, Unpublished Diary, May 25, 1660.
Chapter 12: Noah’s Dove
1 Pepys, 23 May 1660 et seq.
2 Letters, p. 92.
3 Bell, Fire in 1666, p. 25; Evelyn, I, p. 337.
4 Cook, Titus Britannicus.
5 Earl of Manchester’s Speech.
6 Earl of Manchester’s Speech.
7 Tuke, Character of Charles II.
8 Piper, Age of Charles II, No. 34; Pepys, 15 November 1660.
9 Policy, no Policy, 1660.
10 Pepys, 2 November 1663.
11 Guildhall MSS, 10, 823; Boddington Commonplace Book, Vol. 1, pp. 38–9.
12 Eikon Basilike of Charles II; Tuke, Character of Charles II.
13 Ogg, p. 148.
14 Ashley, Charles II, p. 314.
15 Evelyn, I, p. 341; Wase, Electra.
16 Pepys, 26 February 1666; King’s Works, p. 313.
17 Jusserand, p. 110.
18 Jusserand, p. 108.
19 Feiling, Two Speeches.
20 Cook, Titus Britannicus.
21 C. S. P. Domestic 1660–61, pp. II, 300.
22 C. S. P. Domestic 1660–61, pp. V, IV ; R. A. Establishment Book 9.
23 Pierpont Morgan, R. of E. box IX, pt 3, fol. 3.
24 C. S. P. Domestic 1660–61, p. VIII ; Fanshawe, p. 93.
25 Fitzmaurice, Petty, p. 104.
26 Jusserand, p. 100.
27 Letters, p. 101.
28 Childs, p. 7 et seq.; Havighurst, Pt I, p. 63.
29 Osborn Files: Charles II.
30 Ratcliff, Savoy Conference, p. 90 et seq.; see also Whiteman, Restoration of the Church, p. 21 et seq.
31 Ratcliff, Savoy Conference, p. 90.
32 Thirsk, Sales of Royalist Land; Thirsk, Restoration Land Settlement; Habbakuk.
33 C. S. P. Domestic 1660–61, passim.
34 Plumb, Royal Heritage, p. 128.
35 King’s Works, p. 266.
36 Evelyn, I, p. 360.
37 McKie, Royal Society, p. 33.
38 Birch, Royal Society, I, p. 21 et seq.
39 McKie, Royal Society, p. 33 et seq.
40 de Beer, Charles II Fundator, pp. 43–4; Davis, Shipping Industry, p. 124; Hatton Correspondence, I, p. 142.
41 Letters, p. 103; Pepys, 30 September 1661.
42 Roth, p. 176; Clark, Edward Backwell, pp. 51–2.
43 Chandaman, p. 263.
Chapter 13: The Best of Queens
1 St George, Coronation, Osborn Files, fol. b.112.
2 Millar, Lely, p. 80.
3 Legg, Coronation Records, p. 276.
4 Evelyn, I, p. 349; Pepys, 22 April 1661.
5 Ogilby, King’s Coronation.
6 Plumb, Royal Heritage, p. 128.
7 Legg, Coronation Records, pp. 276–86; R. A. Wardrobe 74653.
8 Osborn Files: Fagel.
9 Pepys, 23 April 1661.
10 Baker, Chronicle, p. 821; Cook Titus Britannicus.
11 C. S. P. Domestic 1660–61, p. 580.
12 Fagel, Foreigner at Court.
13 Morrah, p. 409.
14 Miller, James II, pp. 44–5; Clarke, James II, I, p. 387.
15 Jusserand, p. 107.
16 Clarendon MSS, Vol. 74, fols 355–6.
17 Roth, p. 176.
18 Clarendon MSS, Vol. 74, fol. 298.
19 Domiduca Oxoniensis.
20 Clarendon’s Life, I, p. 490.
21 Macray, Privy Council, p. 67.
22 Powys, Lace of Charles II.
23 Letters, p. 127.
24 Clarendon’s Life, I, p. 490.
25 Ailesbury, I, p. 7; Grammont, p. 109.
26 R. A. Establishment Book 10; Latham, Pepys, VI, p. 172, note 4; Pepys, 13 July 1663.
27 Domiduca Oxoniensis; Evelyn, I, p. 363; Burnet, I, p. 307, note 4.
28 Letters, p. 126.
29 Evelyn, II, p. 57; Grammont, p. 109; Reresby, p. 10; Burnet, I, p. 168; Sergeant, p. 5.
30 Pepys, 21 May 1662.
31 Grammont, p. 118.
32 Jusserand, p. 91.
33 Jusserand, p. 95; Oldmixon, p. 577.
34 Evelyn, I, p. 367; Feiling, Foreign Policy, p. 51.
35 Hartmann, Madame, p. 49.
36 Hartmann, King My Brother, p. 47.
37 Latham, Pepys, IV, p. 107.
38 Letters, pp. 127, 149.
39 Pepys, 4 July 1663.
40 Strickland, V, p. 560; Pepys, 19 October 1663.
Chapter 14: The Dutch Business
1 Abbott, Long Parliament, p. 23; Witcomb, p. 175.
2 C. S. P. Clarendon, V, p. xiv; see also Whiteman, Restoration of the Church of England for a discussion of this; also Bosher, pp. 208–12, 275; Feiling, Tory Party, p. 104.
3 Barbour, p. 65, note 3.
4 H. M. C. 7th Rept, App. 484.
5 Roth, p. 167 et seq.
6 Samuel, David Gabay’s Letter.
7 Wolf, Jewry of the Restoration, p. 32; Roth, p. 172, note; Sasportas letter quoted by permission of Professor I. Tishby (see Preface to Sisath nobel Sebi, Jerusalem, 1954, pp. 39–41) trans. Raphael Loewe.
8 Abbott, Long Parliament.
9 Kenyon, Stuart Constitution, p. 382; Robbins, Triennial Act, p. 135.
10 Turberville, Pt I, p. 402.
11 See Browning, Parties and Party Organization.
12 See Carlyle, Clarendon and Privy Council.
13 Letters, p. 155; Carlyle, Clarendon and Privy Council; Clarendon’s Life, III, p. 103.
14 Macray, Privy Council, p. 165; Gracious Message, 1660.
15 Heaton, Yachting, pp. 32–50.
16 Heaton, Yachting, p. 47.
17 R. A. Wardrobe 85631, 85650–1.
18 Evelyn, I, p. 354; C. S. P. Domestic 1671, p. 39
2.
19 Millar, Queen’s Pictures, p. 71; Fitzmaurice, Petty, p. 110.
20 Burnet, I, p. 167.
21 Letters, p. 122.
22 Childs, p. 20; Hartmann, King My Brother, p. 296.
23 Davis, Shipping Industry, p. 14 et seq.
24 Geyl, p. 141.
25 Wilson, Profit and Power, p. 144 et seq.; Feiling, Foreign Policy, p. 83.
26 Wilson, Profit and Power, p. 19.
27 Hartmann, King My Brother, p. 53; Burnet, I, p. 301.
28 Hartmann, King My Brother, pp. 157; 21.
29 C. S. P. Clarendon, Vol. 75, fols 176–83.
30 Letters, p. 178.
31 Letters, p. 164.
32 Pepys, 22 February 1664.
33 Feiling, Foreign Policy, p. 131, who is, however, more favourable to Downing than Geyl, p. 190.
34 Pepys, 30 April 1664.
35 Letters, pp. 163, 164, 168, 173.
36 Letters, pp. 164, 170.
37 C. S. P. Clarendon, V, p. xv; Feaveryear, p. 100.
Chapter 15: Black Day
1 Pepys, 12 April 1665; Lee, Cabal, p. 15.
2 Evelyn, II, p. 5.
3 Ashley, Charles II, p. 84.
4 Ogg, p. 288 (Dryden, Essay of Dramatic Poesy).
5 Shrewsbury, p. 445 et seq.
6 Carlingford, II of III, 23 November 1665.
7 Oldmixon, p. 521; Reresby, p. 11.
8 Shrewsbury, p. 543; Letters, p. 189; Carlingford, II of III, 2 February 1666.
9 Burnet, I, p. 391.
10 Hartmann, Belle Stuart, p. 11; Pepys, 15 November, 25 November 1666.
11 Hartmann, Belle Stuart, p. 12 et seq.
12 Jusserand, App., p. 217.
13 Letters, p. 203.
14 Carlingford, II of III, 22 August 1665, 22 June 1666.
15 Carlingford, II of III, 11 January, 6 March, 27 April 1666.
16 Letters, p. 190.
17 Hartmann, Clifford, p. 111; Carlingford, II of III, 6 July 1666.
18 See Bell, Fire in 1666; also Fire of London, for references passim.
19 Evelyn, II, pp. 9–16.
20 Hamilton, Henrietta Maria, p. 255.
21 Short but True Account of the Terrible Fire.
22 Kenyon, Plot, p. 12.
23 King’s Works, pp. 19–38 (Colvin, Surveyorship of Sir Christopher Wren).
24 Letters, p. 191.
25 London’s Roll of Fame, p. x; Guildhall Library, to author.
26 Bell, Fire in 1666, p. 359 and note.
27 Kenyon, Plot, p. 13.
28 Pepys, 31 December 1666; Feiling, Foreign Policy, p. 202.
29 Margoliouth, II, p. 43.
30 Duffy, p. 86.
31 Evelyn, II, p. 25.
Chapter 16: This Revolution
1 Clayton Roberts, Impeachment of Clarendon, p. 11; Carlyle, Clarendon and the Privy Council.
2 Browning, Danby, I, p. 32.
3 Clarendon’s Life, III, p. 183.
4 Browning, Danby, p.45; Pepys, 27 August 1667.
5 Clarendon MSS, Vol. 85, fol. 165–6.
6 Feiling, Foreign Policy, p. 229, note 3; Latham, Pepys, VIII, p. 404, note 1.
7 Letters, p. 205; but see Clayton Roberts, Impeachment of Clarendon for the view that Clarendon himself chose flight.
8 Clayton Roberts, Impeachment of Clarendon, p. 15.
9 Letters, p. 205.
10 Haley, Shaftesbury, p. 267.
11 Pepys, 10 September 1667.
12 Pepys, 18 February 1661; Burnet, I, p. 405.
13 Miller, Popery and Politics, p. 109; Miller, James II, pp. 58–9; Earle, James II, p. 85; Burnet, II, p. 217.
14 Burnet, II, p. 180.
15 Feiling, Foreign Policy, p. 268 and note 2; Dalrymple, II, pp. 94–9.
16 Huddleston, Brief Account.
17 Clarke, James II, I, p. 173.
18 Pepys, 19 February 1666; Hatton Correspondence, I, p. 48; Clarendon’s Life, III, p. 60.
19 Letters, p. 219; Pepys, 7 May 1668.
20 Letters, p. 235; Pepys, 11 May, 19 May 1669.
21 Letters, p. 236.
22 Letters, p. 239; Burnet, I, p. 308.
23 Margoliouth, II, p. 317.
24 Shapiro, pp. 219, 288.
25 Feiling, Foreign Policy, p. 241 et seq.
26 Clark, Edward Backwell, pp. 51–4.
27 Millar, Queen’s Pictures, p. 67; Renier, p. 45.
28 Feiling, Foreign Policy, p. 256.
29 Letters, p. 214.
30 Lee, Cabal, p. 132.
31 Pepys, 23 October 1668.
32 Browning, Danby, I, p. 74.
33 Letters, pp. 241, 242.
34 Lauderdale Papers, II, p. 164; Lee, Cabal, p. 52.
35 Lee, Cabal, pp. 30–69.
Chapter 17: A Very Near Alliance
1 Pepys, 5 November 1668.
2 See de Beer, Charles II’s own fashion.
3 R. A. Wardrobe 79916; Jusserand, p. 87.
4 de Beer, Charles II’s own fashion; Evelyn, II, p. 17.
5 Pierpont Morgan, R. of G. box VIII, pt 2, fol. 24.
6 Hartmann, King My Brother, p. 284; Letters, p. 211.
7 Feiling, Foreign Policy, p. 289; Letters, pp. 224, 229.
8 Hartmann, King My Brother, pp. 280, 283.
9 See Hartmann, Madame, App. III; Hartmann, King My Brother, pp. 284–7 and note p. 286 for this dating, refuting Feiling, Henrietta Stuart, who dates letter 1668.
10 Margoliouth, II, p. 316.
11 Letters, p. 242.
12 Letters, p. 242.
13 Pierpont Morgan, R. of G. box VIII, pt 2, fol. 28.
14 Rait, Stuart Princesses, p. 271.
15 Hartmann, Madame, p. 315.
16 Hartmann, King My Brother, p. 321.
17 Hartmann, King My Brother, p. 333 (Dr Jean Fabre, Sur la vie et principalement sur la mort de Madame).
18 Hartmann, King My Brother, p. 39; Fayette, p. 112.
19 Text still at Ugbrooke Park, in the care of Lord Clifford of Chudleigh, descendant of Thomas Clifford.
20 Chandaman, p. 274.
21 Barbour, p. 157.
22 Haley, Shaftesbury, p. 324; Browning, Danby, I, p. 81.
23 Dalrymple, II, Apps, p. vii.
Chapter 18: Virtues and Imperfections
1 Haley, Shaftesbury, p. 214.
2 Pepys, 17 February 1669.
3 Bryant, Charles II, p. 208.
4 Duffy, p. 126.
5 Grammont, p. 246.
6 Pepys, 30 July 1667.
7 Burnet, II, p. 28.
8 Reresby, p. 7.
9 Grammont, p. 450 (Personal History).
10 Pepys, 26 April 1667.
11 C. S. P. Domestic 1667–8, p. 306.
12 Harris, II, App., p. 398.
13 Pierpont Morgan, R. of E. box IX, pt 2, fols 55, 57, 62, 64; see Hart, Nell Gwynne and Thomas Otway.
14 First mentioned in Lives of the most Celebrated Beauties, 1715.
15 Wilson, Nell Gwynn, p. 55 (Celadon).
16 Wilson, Nell Gwynn, p. 119.
17 Delpech, p. 88; Osborn Files.
18 Delpech, p. 88.
19 Burnet, I, p. 475.
20 R. A. Wardrobe 79070–79184.
21 Aberdare, Tennis, pp. 70–79.
22 Blencowe, I, p. 20; II, p. 57.
23 Forwood, pp. 13–21.
24 C. S. P. Domestic 1661–2, p. 241.
25 Pepys, 25 May 1660; Evelyn, II, p. 206; R. A. Wardrobe 86381; Cunningham, II, p. 75.
26 Letters, p. 4; Newcastle, p. 120 and note 1.
27 C. S. P. Domestic 1661–2, p. 62; R. A. SP Add. 19.
28 Letters, p. 223.
29 Hore, Royal Buckhounds, passim.
30 R. A. Wardrobe 79830, 79832, 79836 verso; R. A. Establishment Book 10.
31 C. S. P. Domestic 1660–61, p. 208.
32 Hore, Newmarket, II, passim; Longrigg, Horse-racing.
33 Pepys, 8 March 1669.
34 Hore, Newmarket, II, p. 299.
35 Tozer, p
p. 254–5; Hore, Newmarket, II, p. 326.
36 H. M. C., 6th Rept, p. 367.
37 Wheatley, p. 452; Brett-James, p. 1130.
38 Sykes, Pleasures of the Park.
39 Evelyn, II, p. 21.
40 Sykes, Pleasures of the Park.
41 Church, Royal Parks of London, pp. 7–12.
42 Cunningham, II, p. 70.
43 Crowne, Foreword to Sir Courtly Nice.
44 Millar, Queen’s Pictures, p. 71; Crowne, Foreword to Sir Courtly Nice.
45 Summers, Restoration Theatre, p. 280.
46 Jusserand, p. 56.
47 Nicoll, I, p. 364; R. A. Wardrobe 85635–6.
48 Halifax, p. 340; Evelyn, II, p. 206.
Chapter 19: Subsisting Together?
1 Letters, p. 261.
2 Dalrymple, II (A), p. 80.
3 Ailesbury, I, p. 92; Oldmixon, p. 553; Clark, Edward Backwell, p. 53.
4 Feaveryear, p. 103.
5 Printed in Kenyon, Stuart Constitution, pp. 407–408.
6 C. S. P. Venetian 1671–2, p. 187; Havighurst, Pt I, pp. 72–4.
7 Haley, Shaftesbury, pp. 297–9.
8 Letters, p. 246; C. S. P. Domestic 1671, p. 220.
9 C. S. P. Venetian 1671–2, p. 244.
10 Letters, pp. 257, 259.
11 Renier, p. 49.
12 R. A. SP, Add. 1/18.
13 Letters, p. 258; Renier, p. 52.
14 Hatton Correspondence, I, p. 98.
15 Delpech, pp. 42–3.
16 Delpech, p. 82.
17 Hatton Correspondence, I, p. 76.
18 Ogg, I, p. 77.
19 Fea, James II, p. 95 (Diary of Lady Cowper, 10 March 1716).
20 Reresby, p. 24; Wilson, Court Wits, p. 119; Cunningham, II, p. 33.
21 Evelyn, I, p. 63; R. A. Wardrobe 79104 verso.
22 King’s Works, p. 278; Evelyn, II, pp. 102, 107.
23 Letters, p. 255.
24 Petty, p. 8; Ogg, II, p. 400, note 3.
25 Bagwell, III, p. 112, note 1.
26 Bagwell, III, p. 115 and note 1; C. S. P. Domestic 1673, pp. 596–7, 12.
27 R. A. Wardrobe 85669.
28 Letters, pp. 260–62.
29 C. S. P. Domestic 1673, p. 126.
30 Essex Papers, I, p. 181.
Chapter 20: The Knot in the Comb
1 Miller, Popery, pp. 9–12; but see Kenyon, Plot, pp. 24–5 and note, for the much higher figure of 260,000.
2 Kenyon, Plot, p. 27; Childs, pp. 28–9.
3 Evelyn, II, p. 71.
4 Childs, pp. 219, 230, refer ‘little evidence’ but cites no evidence.
5 Haley, William and the Opposition, passim.
6 Turner, James II, p. 109.
7 Miller, James II, pp. 71–3.
8 Pepys, 16 June 1665.
9 Hyde Correspondence, I, p. 45; Fraser, Mary, Queen of Scots, p. 123.
10 Foxcroft, Burnet, p. 143; Margoliouth, II, p. 338.
11 Miller, James II, p. 73.
12 Browning, Danby, I, p. 107.