APPENDIX: THE GREAT PYRAMID AND FREEMASONRY

  1 Translated by author. Image available at: http://myblog.robertbauval.co.uk/__oneclick_uploads/2011/05/img_2757a.jpg. .

  2 Curiously, a relative of Émile Zola, a certain Salvatore Zola, was a prominent Freemason in Egypt in the 1800s and, of all things, was assigned by the Khedive Muhammad Ali to help the Americans remove an obelisk from Alexandria to New York's Central Park.

  3 He was born Hiram Ulysses Grant, but always called Ulysses, his middle name, by his friends. Hiram was, and still is, a popular Masonic name (from Hiram Abiff, the legendary ‘architect’ of Solomon's Temple in Masonic rituals). This choice of name was clearly intended as a Masonic label, since Ulysses’ father, Jesse Brant, had been Master Mason of a prominent lodge in Ohio.

  4 Although there is controversy whether General William T. Sherman was a Freemason, his own father, Charles Robert Sherman, certainly was a senior Freemason, as confirmed by his Masonic apron located by the Ohio Historical Society. It is widely believed that Gen. Sherman spared prisoners who wore Masonic rings during the Civil War. The bringing of the Egyptian obelisk to New York's Central Park in 1880 was clearly a Masonic event. It is also interesting to note that it was Gen. Sherman who selected the site of Bedloe's Island (now Liberty Island) for the placing of the Statue Of Liberty in 1884, the latter clearly another Masonic event. William H. Herbert, the chief editor of the New York World newspaper, is often given credit for being the first to suggest to Khedive Isma'il that the obelisk should be donated to the United States. He got the financial backing from a prominent Freemason, William H. Vanderbilt who, in turn got the political support from of Rep. Henry G. Stebbins, New York's commissioner of public parks. It was Stebbins who petitioned the US Secretary of State, William M. Evarts, to personally write to Elbert Farman, the American consul-general in Egypt, to persuade the Khedive of Egypt to donate the obelisk to the US. Let us note in passing that William M. Evarts was also chairman of the Committee for the Statue of Liberty in 1883 – 4 and it was he who sent a formal invitation to the Grand Masonic Lodge of New York to organize a ceremony “appropriate for the Occasion.” See Willam C. Kiesel's article in the September 1983 issue of The Masonic Philalesist; also J. E. Bebrens's article in October 1983 issue of Knight Templar magazine.

  5 On his way to the Mediterranean during a 2-year survey with the Gettysburg, Gorringe and a fellow Freemason, Lieutenant Seaton Schoeder, used equipment to measure depth and with ‘snagged the top of a submerged mountain in the Atlantic Ocean which they claimed was the ‘Lost Atlantis’, and received a congratulatory telegram from President Grant for this ‘discovery’ (See D’Alton, op. cit., p. 10).

  6 The important symbolic aspect of an obelisk is not its tall stem but its top which is shaped like a small pyramid, which feature very prominently in Masonic rituals.

  7 See www.robertbauval.co.uk/articles/articles/hawass1.html.

  8 Ibid.

  9 Ibid.

  10 Ibid.

  11 See Bauval, Secret Chamber, Chapter 8.

  12 Interview with Ros al-Yusuf, ‘Israel is Robbing the Pyramids as it Robbed Palestine’, 5 May 1997.

  13 Ibid. Hawass was referring to Robert Bauval, Graham Hancock and John Anthony West.

  14 See www.robertbauval.co.uk/articles/articles/hawass1.html.

  15 Memri TV: Arabic Video, English Transcript. Broadcast on 11 February 2009, available at: http://www.memritv.org/clip/en/2049.htm. During the writing of this book, the History Channel aired a five episode TV documentary titled Chasing Mummies featuring Dr. Zahi Hawass. Paradoxically, In episode 4 shown on 4 August 2010, former First Lady Barbara Bush introduced Hawass to an adoring American audience:“I’m thrilled to introduce the foremost scholar of Ancient Egypt ... it is my pleasure to welcome a great explorer.”

  16 Kevin Myers, ‘The anti-Semite Farouk Hosni is, in fact, the forward-looking face of enlightened Arabia’, Independent, 24 Sept. 2009.

  17 Michael Slackman, ‘Egypt Ponders Failed Drive for Unesco’, New York Times, 28 Sept. 2009.

  INDEX

  A

  Abd al-Malik, Caliph

  Abdul Hamid I, Sultan of Turkey

  Abercromby, Ralph

  Abiff, Hiram (legendary)

  Ablis, Geoffrey d’

  Abraham

  Abu Hamza al-Masri, Sheikh

  Abu Qir

  Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres

  Académie des Sciences

  Académie Française

  Academy, Plato's

  ‘Acception’ system

  Achilles

  Acre (Saint-Jean d’Acre )

  Actium, Battle of

  Adam

  Adami, Tobias

  Adams, President John

  Adhémar of Rodelle, Pons d’

  Adocentyn

  Advancement of Learning, The (Bacon)

  ‘African Architects’

  Age of Discovery

  Age of Reason, The (Paine),

  Agen, Cathar bishopric of

  Aglaophemus

  Ahura Mazda

  Akhenaten, Pharoah

  Akhetaten (el-Amarna)

  Al Ashmunain (Kmun; Hermopolis)

  Al-Ashraf Khalil

  Al-Aqsa Mosque

  Al-Walid, Caliph

  Al-Azhar University

  Albert Laski, Prince of Poland

  Albi

  Albigensian Crusades

  Albret, Jeanne d’, Queen of Navarre

  Alexander the Great

  Alexander IV, King

  Alexander V, Pope

  Alexander VI, Pope (Rodrigo Borgia)

  Alexander VII, Pope

  Alexandria

  Alexandria Mapping Project

  Alexandria-Washington Lodge No. 22

  Alexius I Comnenus, Emperor

  Allah

  Alsace-Lorraine (lodge)

  America see also Great Seal of the United States

  American Revolution

  Amis Réunis, Les (lodge)

  Amun

  Amyntas III, King of Macedon

  Anderson, James

  Andreae, Johann Valentin

  Anglo-Saxon Lodge No. 137

  Anhalt, Prince Augustus of

  Anhalt, Prince Christian of

  Ann, Queen of Great Britain and Ireland

  Anne of Austria, Queen of France

  Annius of Viterbo

  Anthony, Francis

  Anthony, Jesse B.

  Antients

  Antin, Duke of

  Antinoupolis

  Antinous

  Antioch

  Anu see Heliopolis

  Anubis

  Aphitis

  Aphrodite

  Apis

  Apollo

  Apostles

  Appleby, Derek

  Appolonius Rhodius

  Aquino, Prince Francesco

  Aquino, Luigi

  Arabs

  Aragon

  Arc de Triomphe

  Arc du Carrousel

  Arcana arcanissima (Maier)

  Archives des Hauts-de-Seine

  Ardeshir I, King

  Arecco, Davide

  Argonauts, the

  Aristotle

  Ark of the Covenant

  Arlington National Cemetery

  Armenia

  Amalric, Arnaud, Abbot of Citeaux

  Angebert, Jean-Michel

  Arnay-le-duc, Battle of

  Arnold, William

  Arrian

  Ars Magna Sciendi (Kircher)

  Artaxerxes III

  Asclepius

  Ashmole, Elias

  Ashmolean Museum

  Astier, Baron d’

  Aston, Nigel

  Astraea

  ‘Astrophel and Stella’

  Atalanta Fugiens (Maier)

  Atchity, Kenneth J.

  Athena

  Athens

  Atlantis

  Attallah, Hashem

  Aubigny, La Loge d’
r />
  Aubry, Mlle

  Aufrère, Sydney H.

  Augustine of Hippo, Saint

  Augustus Caesar,

  Aulard, François Victor Alphonse

  Austria

  Auteuil

  Autier, Pierre

  Auzout, Adrien

  Avignon

  Ayen, Duke of

  Azores

  B

  Baal

  Babylon

  Babylonians

  Bacon, Francis

  Baconia, Vigoros de

  Bahram I, King

  Baigent, Michael

  Baldwin I, King

  Balkans

  Balsamo, Giuseppesee Cagliostro

  Baltrušaitis, Jurgis

  Bannockburn, Battle of

  Barber, Malcolm

  Baring, Anne

  Barker, Felix

  Baroque

  Barras, Viscount de

  Barren Hill, Battle of,

  Bartholdi, Frédéric Auguste

  Basil (monk)

  Basil I, Emperor

  Basilides

  Basset, A. H. (printer)

  Bastille, the

  Bauval, Robert

  Bavaria

  Beaucaire

  Beauharnais, Émilie de

  Beauharnais, Eugène de

  Beauharnais, Joséphine de, see Joséphine

  Beauharnais, Viscount de

  Bela IV, King of Hungary

  Beless, James W.

  Belibaste, William

  Believers see credentes

  Belgium

  Bell, Lany D.

  Belly, Léon-Auguste-Adolphe

  Belzoni, Giovanni

  Bendocdar, Sultan of Egypt

  Ben Gurion, David

  Benjamin of Tudela, Rabbi

  Bensalem

  Berchère, Narcisse

  Berlin

  Bernard of Caux

  Bernard of Clairvaux, Saint

  Bernini, Gian Lorenzo

  Berrier (priest)

  Berry, Duke of

  Berthollet, Claude Louis

  Besançon

  Bessarion

  Bessel, Friedrich

  Beswicke-Royds Manuscript

  Béziers

  Biasini, Émile

  Bibent, Antoine

  Bibliothèque Nationale

  Bin Laden, Osama

  Blacas, Duke of

  Blake, William

  Blanche of Castile

  Blavatsky, H. P.

  Blazing Star

  Board of General Purposes, the

  Boaz

  Boehmer & Bassenge

  Bogoas

  Bogomil

  Bogomilism

  Bohemia

  Bohemian Church of Unity of Brethren

  Bologna

  Bonfons, Pierre

  Bonneville, Nicolas de

  Book of the Dead (ancient Egyptian)

  Book for King Shaphur (Mani)

  Book of What is in the Duat

  Borgia, Cesare

  Borgia, Lucrezia

  Borgia, Rodrigosee Alexander VI

  Bosnia

  Boston

  Boullée, Étienne-Louis

  Bourbon dynasty

  Bourbon-Condé, Louis de

  Bourbon-Sicile, Marie Caroline de

  Boylan, Patrick

  Boyle, Robert

  Bram

  Brandywine, Battle of

  Breul, Jacques de

  Brienne, Countess of

  Bristol

  Britain see England

  Brodie, William A.

  Brosier, Peitivin

  Brotherhood of Antilia

  Browne, Mary

  Broek, Roelof van den

  Bruno, Giordano (‘the Nolan’)

  Brunswick

  Buckingham, Duke of

  Buddha

  Buddhism

  Building Texts

  Bulgaria

  Bullock, Steven C.

  Bunker Hill, Battle of

  Burattini, Tito Livio

  Burgundy, Duke of

  Burke, Edmund

  Burl, Aubrey

  Bush, President George H. W.

  Bush, President George W.

  Byzantine Empire

  C

  Cabala

  Cabeiri

  Caberet

  Cagliostro, Count of (Giuseppe Balsamo)

  Cairo

  Calabria

  Caligula, Emperor

  Calixtus III, Pope

  Callisthenes

  Calvinism

  Cambrai

  Cambridge

  Cambyses

  Cameron, Robert

  Campanella, Tommaso

  Campo dei Fiori

  Canisy, Madame de

  Canopus

  Canopus Decree

  Canopus Way

  Capet, Hugh

  Capetians

  Capitol, US

  Caracalla, Emperor

  Carbonari

  Carcassonne

  Charles Louis, Elector Palatine

  Carnot, Lazare

  Carolingian dynasty

  Cartelier, Pierre

  Carter, President Jimmy

  Casaubon, Isaac

  Cashford, Jules

  Cassel

  Castel Nuova

  Castelnau, Peter de

  Castelnau, Michel de

  Castor

  Castres

  Cathala, Arnald

  Cathars

  Catherine II the Great, Queen

  Catholic Church see also Catholics; Christianity; Inquisition; names of Popes

  Catholic League

  Catholics

  Cattanei, Vanozza de’

  Cavafy, Constantine P.

  Cavour, Count of

  Cercle Social

  Ceres

  Chabot, Citizen

  Chadwick, Henry

  Chaldeans

  Chamans, Antoine Marie

  Chambrun, Count de

  Champagne, Count of

  Champier, Symphorien

  Champollion, Jean-François

  Champ-de-Mars

  Champs-Élysées

  Chanson de la Croisade albigeoise

  Charbonneriesee Carbonari

  Charlemagne

  Charles I, King of Great Britain and Ireland

  Charles II, King of Great Britain and Ireland

  Charles IV the Fair, King of France

  Charles VII, King of France

  Charles VIII, King of France

  Charles IX, King of France

  Charles X, King of France

  Charles, Hippolyte

  Charlotte Elizabeth, Princess of the Palatinate

  Charnay, Geoffroi de

  Chartres, Duke of

  Chartres Cathedral

  Château-Theirry, Duke of

  Chaumette, Pierre Gaspard

  Chemical Wedding of Christian Rosenkreutz, The

  Cheops, see Khufu

  Cheysson, Claude

  Childebert, King

  Childeric I, King

  China

  Chinard, Joseph

  Choiseul, Countess of

  Choiseul, Duke of

  Christ see Jesus Christ

  Christian Gnosticism see Gnosticism

  Christianity see also Catholic Church; Early/Primitive Church; Orthodox Church; Protestantism; names of heresies

  Christianopolis

  Chrysocheir

  Chrysostom, John

  Church fathers

  Church of England

  Churton, Tobias

  Cincinnati Society

  Cinq-Mars, Marquis of

  Ciotto, Giovanni Battista

  Civitas Solis (Campanella)

  ‘City of the Sun’

  Clement V, Pope (Bertrand de Got)

  Clement VII, Pope (Giulio de Medici)

  Clement VIII, Pope

  Clement XII, Pope

  Clement of Alexandria

  Clément, Jacques

  Cleo
patra

  Clifford, Clark

  Clovis I, King

  Club des Cordeliers

  Cobham, Henry

  Cody, David

  Coffin Texts

  Colbert, Jean-Baptiste

  Colgate University

  Coligny, Gaspard de

  Collaveri, François

  Collège de France

  Cologne

  Cologne Mani-Codex

  Columbus, Christopher

  Comenius (Bishop Jan Amos Komenský)

  Common Sense (Paine)

  Commune de Paris

  Communes (formerly Third Estate)

  Communion, Holy

  Condé, Prince of

  Condorcet, Marquis de

  Confessio

  Congress, US

  Consolamentum

  Constans I, Emperor

  Constantine the Great, Emperor

  Constantine IV, Emperor

  Constantine of Mananalis

  Constantinople

  Conté, Nicolas-Jacques

  Contrat Social, (Rousseau)

  Contrat Social (lodge)

  Convention (French National)

  Convention (US Constitutional)

  Coolidge, President Calvin

  Coolidge, Susan

  Copernicus, Nicolaus

  Copts

  Corbett, Harvey Wiley

  Corbières, the

  Corbin, Henry

  Cordier de Saint-Fermin, Abbé

  Corpus Hermeticum see Hermetic texts

  Corrozet, Gilles

  Cortot, Jean-Pierre

  Cosmas (monk)

  Cosmas I, Emperor

  Cosmas Atticus, Patriarch

  Cossa, Baldassare (Pope John XXIII)

  Cossutta, Araldo

  Cotin, Guillaume

  Counter-Reformation

  Cour Carrée

  Coutras

  Crata Repoa (Köppen)

  Credentes (believers)

  Crédit Lyonnais bank

  Critias (Plato)

  Croatia

  Croll, Oswald

  Cromwell, Oliver

  Cromwell, Richard

  Cronin, Vincent

  Crowley, Aleister

  Crusades see also Albigensian Crusades

  Ctesiphon

  Cult of the Supreme Being

  Curl, James Stephen

  Cybele

  Cygnus (constellation)

  Cynegius, Maternus

  Cyprus

  Cyril, Archbishop of Alexandria

  Cyrus I, King

  D

  D’Alton, Martina

  Dacier, Monsieur

  Dahshur

  Dalmatia

  Damascus

  Damietta

  Danton, Georges Jacques

  Darius I, King

  Darius III

  Dark Ages

  David, Jacques-Louis

  David, King

  De Bry, Johann Theodor

  De Umbris Idearum (Bruno)

  Dead Sea Scrolls

  Deane, Silas

  Décade égyptienne

  Decazes, Élie

  Decius, Emperor

  Declaration of Breda