watching the sailors clamber up the ropes with the agility of monkeys,
    furling or unfurling the vast sheets of canvas to mysterious commands, or
    singing sea chanteys when, as if on their knees in a pagan temple to the
                   50
                BLOODLINES           51
    sea, they holystoned the wooden decks to a pristine whiteness. He loved the
    salty, briny wind, and the companionship of his fellow passengers, who
    shared, in varying degrees, a fear of their formidable voyage, but were
    united in a common optimism that their destination would be the earthly
    paradise they sought.
     The great port of Liverpool had excited and frustrated him. He was overawed
     by the huge numbers of ships in the harbor, which had journeyed from every
     comer of the earth, bringing with them strange and exotic cargoes. He
     smelled the scent of spices he had never known, and watched in wonder the
     unloading of the chests of tea from India and silks from China and cotton
     from Madras, sheets of raw cork from Portugal, and oranges from Spain. He
     loved being among the community of seafaring folk, the hardy and colorful
     sailors, rings in their ears and tattoos on their arms, who walked with a
     rolling gait, as the rolling sea had taught them. He saw small brown men
     from the Malacca Straits, and blond descendants of the Vikings, giants to
     him, and heard strange languages that were beautiful and others that grated
     on his ears. He loved the women of the dockside, raw and lusty creatures,
     who cheered when the ships docked and wept when they left, and he spent
     days in tiny smoky taverns by the water, hearing tall tales of the seven
     seas, and Africa and Madagascar, the Azores and the Caribbean, Araby and
     Siam.
    And he saw a black boy, the first he had ever seen.
     A well-dressed woman came to the docks to greet her returning husband, a
     captain. Behind her trotted a little black boy, elegantly appareled in
     velvet and a turban, and around his neck was a long silver chain, with
     which his mistress led him. Like a pet dog, James thought, and watched as
     they passed by, fascinated by the ebony child. He had heard of these
     African creatures, niggers as they were called, heathen sava-es, who ran
     around naked in their native jungles, bloodthirsty warriors, licentious
     animals.
     He heard of the slave ships that sailed from England to Africa with cargoes
     of iron or manufactured goods, and from Africa to America with cargoes of
     naked savages, and from America back to England with raw cotton, or
     tobacco, or rice. He had heard of the calls for abolition of the slave
     trade from
    52     ALEX HALEY'S QUEEN
    some of the church people, and the furious opposition to that abolition,
    for the slaves were apparently the most lucrative of all cargoes, and some
    of the planters in America claimed they could not survive without the
    labor. He had no special feelings about it, for it was not part of his
    life. The fate of these odd and alien creatures did not matter to him, one
    way or the other.
     He grew impatient as his days of waiting wore on, for he longed to be at
     sea himself, to experience some of what he had heard about, off on his
     own great adventure. He lost a little money to a prostitute and a little
     more to a pickpocket. He avoided the city itself and stayed near the
     docks, for he quickly discovered that his Irish accent caused him to be
     disparaged among people whose own dialect seemed primitive and guttural
     to him.
    When he boarded his ship at last, the cramped spaces belowdecks surprised
    him, and he banged his head several times on overhead beams, before
    leaming to duck, as the sailors did, as naturally as breathing. He shared
    his cramped and crowded cabin with five others, Englishmen who loved their
    country and couldn't wait to leave it. Good-humoredly, they denigrated the
    Americans as ungrateful and troublesome colonists, but were anxious to be
    of their number. They baited him for a bog-Irish peasant, and he took
    their jokes in good part, but they wearied him, and sometimes he had
    trouble controlling his temper. The tiny cabin was claustrophobic, and the
    natural human stench of his fellows reminded James of his time in prison.
    He talked with the first officer, and they gave him a hammock, and on the
    pleasanter nights, he slung that hammock up on deck, with the sailors, and
    slept pleasantly, rocked by the gentle wind.
     The food was awful but edible, pickled pork and potatoes for the first
     few weeks, dried beef and hardtack later. The lore of the sea fascinated
     him, the defined but easy hierarchy, the absolute power of the captain,
     the endless, easy grumbling of the tars, and the constant cheerful
     resentment by all the seamen of their tantalizing, temperamental bitch
     goddess, the sea, which they loved with all their hearts.
     They talked with him about their country, for which they had a deep and
     abiding affection, and gave him some sense
                BLOODLINES           53
    of the awesome size of it. James had always known that America was a large
    country. Now he leamed that the United States was but a small fraction of
    that continent. The physical land itself ranged from the ice-ridden north
    to the tropical south, encompassing mountains and deserts, forests and
    wilderness, and some of the finest farming land in the world. The British
    still ruled the northern part, Canada, the Mexicans controlled the and
    southwest and the legendary California, and the French, under Napoleon,
    had assumed from the Spanish the great southern region of swamps and
    jungle that was known as Florida.
     "Go west," they told him. "A man can find his true self there, and own
     land beyond his imagining, just for the taking. "
     For themselves, they had found their fortune at sea. So many of the young
     men of America went west, to settle the vast new territories, that
     sailors were in short supply, and well paid because of it, They cursed
     the British, who ruled the seas, and frequently stopped and boarded
     American ships, and pressed into service any of the crew who still
     maintained British nationality. They nodded their heads wisely at the
     stories of the savage Indians, but dismissed them as any threat to the
     settled colonies. The Indians were retreating, to the west, before the
     settlers' advance, and soon must stand with their backs to the great
     Pacific Ocean, and then where would they go?
     As they sailed on, he began to understand something of that love, for
     there was only the sea, always the sea, endlessly the sea. fie was lost
     in a world of water and sky, on which the sun rose each morning, and the
     stars and moon each night, and always, the crew told him, where they were
     supposed to be. The small ship became their only world, and each aboard
     it was joined to the others by a strange and powerful sense of community,
     united before a common foe, a common love, that was awesome in its
     breadth and power.
     The storm  
					     					 			came, and frightened James at first, for he could not imagine
     that they could survive it. He was forced to sleep in his cabin, when he
     could sleep, and the men with him were as scared as he.
     "Surely America must be heaven," one said. "For you have to go through
     hell to get there. "
    54     ALEX HALEY'S QUEEN
     He preferred the attitude of the sailors, for they respected the wrath
     of the tempest, and were not overawed by it. They believed in their
     survival because of their skill and seamanship, their stoutly built
     craft, and because they had weathered worse, much worse, before.
     Then winds abated and the seas quieted, and for the next few weeks they
     sailed through calmer water, blue skies, and sunny weather. Flying fishes
     tripped through the whitecaps, and landed sometimes on the deck, and were
     good eating. At night the tars would gather round the capstan and sing
     chanteys, and dance strange steps that were, James guessed, centuries
     old, and known only to men of the sea. He laughed with the others when
     the two apprentices had their cars pierced with hot needles against cork,
     and wore the small threads of blue wool proudly, for days to come, as
     symbols of their initiation as mariners.
     He learned the map of the stars in heaven, and the directions of the
     wind. He saw whales, enormous creatures that spouted water from their
     backs like fountains, and could not believe what his eyes told him. He
     began to believe all the legends of the sea, of mermaids and sirens, and
     strange monsters from the deep. He lay in the bow for hours, in the
     sunshine days, delighting at the dolphins as they frolicked at the prow,
     and believed, as the sailors did, that these joyous creatures were
     guardians, guiding them safely to haven.
     He felt safe in their company, and as he watched them, following where
     they led, he dreamed of the life that would soon be his, on the distant
     shores that the dolphins knew.
     Bom to money, born to a secure station, his father's ffiends were
     oriented toward England, and many regarded the former colonies of America
     still as colonies, a hostile land of fort-ner convicts and the dregs of
     Europe, governed by unscrupulous merchants and planters, and constantly
     threatened by wild Indian savages. None denied the riches that could be
     made there, but all disparaged the way those riches were made, and the
     resulting lawless, classless society, in which Mammon was the only God.
     Yet the sailors told of a different America, of freedom and peace and a
     settled life. Go west, they told him, where a few dollars will buy a
     thousand acres, and a man could be a king
                BLOODLINES           55
    in his own castle. If he could survive the Indians.
     From his Protestant teachers at school in Dublin, he had heard of a
     different America again, of a land free of religious intolerance, a land
     where idyllic, Godfearing communities could flourish in peace and
     tranquillity. If they could survive the Indians.
     From his school friends, he had heard of an untamed paradise, where wild
     animals roamed the wilderness, and a man could test himself against
     nature, and find undiscovered territories, and be hailed as an exploring
     hero. If he could survive the Indians.
     His rebel friends had told him of a utopian society of political freedom,
     whose brave, pioneering citizens had risen up against the colonial yoke,
     and broken the shackle of it, had triumphed over Britain, and had spat
     in the face of the mad king. A land where all men were regarded as equal,
     and all had equal opportunity-to be a simple farmer or leader of their
     fledgling democracy, as they chose. If they could survive the Indians.
     From his peasant friends he teamed of a different America yet, a new Erin
     that had cast off its colonial shackles, and become a safe haven for all
     who sought refuge there, a land of boundless opportunity, the streets of
     whose small cities were paved with gold, and whose black soil was the
     richest anywhere in the world. A land where simple peasants could find
     shelter, and be respected as human beings, and could own their own land,
     beholden to no one, paying rent to no absentee landlord across the seas,
     and where they could grow old in security and leave something for their
     children to inherit. If they could survive the Indians.
     From Jimmy Hanna, he had teamed of the Founding Fathers, and the
     Declaration of Independence, which was, according to Jimmy, the simplest,
     most eloquent foundation for the creation of an idyllic country that had
     ever been written, the culmination of three thousand years of human
     reason, Jimmy Hanna was not as concerned about the Indians as the others.
     They are heathen savages, he said, and they will come to God or they will
     perish, for America is God's gift to us, a reward for all our labors.
    He realized something that came as a sweet surprise to him.
    56     ALEX HALEY'S QUEEN
    All his life he had sought a cause to believe in and to fight for. He had
    thought it was the Irish peasants, but he was not of their number, and so
    that cause was adopted, false, and not of his true soul. For a time he had
    thought it was the nationalist cause, of being a foot soldier in the
    glorious war of ridding Ireland of foreign domination, as the Americans
    had done, but now he believed that cause hopeless, and Ireland lost.
    America.
     The word, the name, kept ringing in his ears. America, land of freedom
     and liberty. America, land of promise and fulfillment. America, where all
     men were equal, and could lead pleasant, fulfilling lives in the pursuit
     of happiness.
    America.
     America was his cause, he knew, America was his passion, America was his
     creed. He would become a good citizen of his new country, and work to
     take advantage of the boundless opportunity it afforded. He would go
     west, and build an estate of such magnitude that his father must
     apologize, and stand in awe of him, for he would be magnificent. He would
     not forget the experiences of his youth; he would dedicate his life to
     his fellowmen, and strive for the ideals of America, of liberty for all
     and the equality of all men, and if necessary, he would die in defense
     of what he believed. He could not think of a nobler cause.
    They had been at sea for weeks, and for a time all had been bored with
    their journey and with each other, but they knew they must be nearing
    their destination, and they began to forget the quarrels they had with
    their temporary traveling companions, and looked forward to the new life.
    Progressively, with each meal, with each conversation, the subject turned
    more and more to what they hoped to achieve after landfall, and James
    discovered his passion was shared, to a greater or lesser degree, by them
    all, and it reinforced his own.
     He was dozing in the prow one sunny afternoon, and woke to a strange cry
     he had never heard before. A sense of anticipation and excitement buzzed
					     					 			/>     through the crew and the passengers, and they ran to the side of the
     ship.
     The cry came again, from the lookout, who had a better vantage point high
     in the crow's nest.
                BLOODLINES           57
    "Land ho! "   -
     It was Newfoundland, the land so newly found, and although they could not
     see it, they knew it was there, for one of their number had seen it, and
     it would appear to all of them soon. Gulls appeared, as if from nowhere,
     the cawing heralds of their arrival.
     "I see it!" Reverend Blake cried. He pointed to the horizon, and then
     fell to his knees, his wife beside him, to pray for whatever it was he
     wanted to find, or give thanks for what he had endured.
     James, from his vantage point in the bow, climbed onto the bowsprit and
     saw it now, a thin, dark sliver of something, between the sea and the
     sky. He cried out in joy, and his soul sang. As they sailed on, the
     sliver got larger and longer, and changed from black to a deep and misty
     blue.
     The land shimmered before them, lazy, hazy, repository of all their
     dreams and aspirations. They had left unsatisfactory lives behind them
     for the promise of untainted opportunity; they had cut themselves adrift
     from all they held dear, from the soil of their birth and the bonds of
     their families. They had escaped from rigid and unyielding societies in
     search of something better, fairer, and had put their faith in a small
     and fragile boat, and a dream that was intangible and glorious, the right
     to carve out their own lives, according to the destiny they perceived for
     themselves, and a dream of freedom, in whatever form they desired that
     freedom to be.
    They had found what they sought.
    America.
                   7
    Philadelphia was almost everything he hoped it would be, but not quite
    in the way he had imagined.
     His very first impressions of the city had confirmed for him, if he
     needed such confirmation, that he had arrived at a place
    58     ALEX HALEY'S QUEEN
    that was quite unlike anything he had known. The streets were wide and
    straight, and well ordered. The houses were clean, brightly painted, and
    built of red brick or wood, unlike the stone buildings of Dublin, or even
    Liverpool, and the people who dwelt in those houses were a different breed.
    There was a sense of bustle and purpose about them, tempered by an evident
    enjoyment of life. They seemed to be constantly going somewhere or doing
    something, always on the move and yet never too busy to stop and bid a
    cheery greeting to friends. They were casual in their language and
    relationships and dress. Many of the men, and some of the women, had adopted
    trousers, rather than breeches, and tricoms instead of top hats. Their
    language shocked him. They cursed and swore commonly, and yet there was an
    abundance of churches. It was a town of immigrants, and he heard the Irish
    brogue often, but German and French as frequently. The summer weather was
    hot and humid, but it had little effect on those who were used to it, and
    they bustled about their business as if it were a mild spring day.
     Everyone had an opinion as to how money could he made, and everyone had an
     opinion as to how best their country could be run, but these opinions were
     divergent and often contradictory. The only common certainty was the
     passion of their belief in their country, and of their own ability to
     prosper. That they prospered was beyond question. James had never seen such
     general well-being, and while there were poor, their poverty would have
     been riches to an Irish peasant.
     Suddenly, the reason for this casual vibrancy occurred to James. Americans
     said what they liked because they could, and did what they liked because
     they could. For the first time in his life he was living in a place that
     did not have a sense of oppression. No one had any need to look over his
     shoulder before whispering a complaint of the ruling class, because there