Arrian, History of Alexander
Quintus Curtius, History of Alexander
Plutarch, Parallel Lives: Life of Alexander
Diodorus Siculus, History (Book XVII for Alexander’s reign; but also XVI and XVIII for events preceding and following)
Justin, Epitome of Trogus
Additional biographical details or anecdotes
Plutarch, Lives: Demosthenes; Eumenes; Phocion
Plutarch, Moralia: On the Fortune or Virtue of Alexander; Sayings of Kings and Commanders
Strabo, Geography (Book XV for many quotations from Nearchus)
Athenaeus, The Diepnosophists (discursive gossip)
L. Pearson, The Lost Histories of Alexander the Great (collected fragments, with commentary on the writers). American Philological Association, New York; also printed in Great Britain 1960
Works relevant to Alexander’s life and times
Demosthenes, Orations
Aeschines, Orations
Isocrates, Epistles and Orations
Aristotle, especially the Politics and Ethics
Diogenes Laertius, Lives of the Philosophers: Life of Aristotle
Works known to Alexander, which certainly or probably influenced his thought
Homer, Iliad R. Lattimore’s verse translation, published by University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London 1962, is preferable to E. V. Rieu’s prosy one, published by Penguin Books, Harmondsworth 1950)
Xenophon, Anabasis; Cyropaedia
Herodotus, History
Euripides, Tragedies (especially, perhaps, The Bacchae, written and first performed in Macedon)
For the legend
E. A. Wallis Budge, The Alexander Book in Ethiopia. Oxford University Press. London 1933
George Cary, The Mediaeval Alexander, ed. D. J. A. Ross. Cambridge University Press. London 1956
A. M. Wolohojian (trans.), The Romance of Alexander the Great by Pseudo-Callisthenes (a recent translation from a good Armenian version). Columbia University Press. New York and London 1969
H. W. Clarke’s quaint literal translation (1880) of the thirteenth-century Persian Sikandar Noma E Bora is unfortunately scarce.
Index
A | B | C | D | E
F | G | H | I | J
K | L | M | N | O
P | R | S | T
U | V | W | X | Z
Abdalonymus, 111
Abreas, 207, 208
Academy (Plato’s), 39, 40, 54, 188
Achilles, 6, 22, 24, 28-9, 44, 75, 90, 113, 118, 202, 208, 240, 241, 247, 257
Ada (Queen of Caria), 27, 94-5, 97
Admetus, 115
Aegae, 5, 62, 146
Aelian, 33
Aeschines, 49, 67
Agriani, 77, 80, 102, 136
Alcibiades, 39, 232
Alexander III, the Great: accession, 30, 63, 69; ancestry, 24, 28, 121-2; army, 25, 30, 93, 98, 101-2, 127-8, 141-2, 149, 166-7, 200-12, 233-5, 263-4; in Athens, 54; Athens’ submission, 86; attitude towards killing, 65-6, 128, 180-1; at Babylon, 139-41, 248-66; in Bactria, 168-9, 185; and Bagoas (q.v.), 154-5, 161, 185, 186, 220, 222, 223; battle tactics, 78, 101-2, 133, 134; birth, 22; birth legends, 8, 22, 24, 122, 231; books, 28, 71-3, 128, 142; and Bucephalas (q.v.), 33-4, 102, 138, 158, 198; Callisthenes’ murder, 187-8; in Caria, 94-7; Cleitus’ murder, 180-1; at Chaeronea (q.v.), 51-3; childhood, 23-4, 29, 30; daily routine, 125-9; at Damascus, 109-10; and Darius III (q.v.), 108-9, 132, 149-57; death, 4, 266; Demosthenes’ view, 68, 82; divinity, 5, 6, 7, 12, 119, 121-2, 174, 230-1; at Dodona, 57; drinking habits, 128-9, 179-80, 239-40, 262-3; early court duties, 29-30; at Ecbatana, 239-44; education, 26-7, 39-43, 44, 46; in Egypt, 118-23; at Ephesus, 94; Exile’s Decree, 231-2, 249; explorative urge, 78, 189, 254; father (Philip II, q.v.), 26, 33, 34, 45-6, 54, 55-6, 58-65; first colony, 45; friendships, 26, 44, 48-9, 58, 66, 80, 99, 113-14, 128, 141, 143, 162; funeral cortège, 5-6; at Gaugamela, 34, 132-9; at Gaza, 117; Gordian knot, 98-9; at the Granicus, 90-3; half-brother (see Arridaeus); at Halicarnassus, 96-7; and Hephaestion (q.v.), 43-4, 48, 54, 60, 90, 104, 105, 121, 126, 162, 185, 186, 193, 240-4, 251-3; Hermolaus’ plot; historians’ views; humor; at the Hydaspes; identification with Achilles (q.v.); illnesses & injuries, 99, 104, 117, 118, 171, 172, 207-9, 256, 257-66; in Illyria, 57-58; Illyrian campaigns, 47-8, 80-1; in India, 188 ft.; inheritance, 89; at the Issus, 99-107; at the Jaxartes, 171-2; legends, 7-16, 72, 182; on the Makran desert, 215-20; at Miletus, 95-6; mother (Olympias, q.v.), 23-4, 32, 48, 55, 56-7, 58, 59, 63, 64, 121, 126, 237; at Multan, 206-10; musical interests, 32-3, 38-9, 70, 90; omens. 89, 95, 96, 117, 119, 144, 202, 245, 246-7, 254-6, 258, 261; at Opis, 233-7; oracles consulted, 57, 120-21, 258; at Persepolis, 145-9, 223-4; Persian King, 172-8, 229-30; Philotas’ plot, 162-6; physical appearance & dress, 26, 27, 68-70, 92, 160; and Ptolemy (q.v.), 5-7, 30-2; purge of rivals, 73-5; quoted, 37, 46, 55-6, 70, 89, 103, 104, 109, 116, 133, 197-8, 234, 235, 253, 266; re-founding of Stagira, 46; as regent, 44-5, 46-7, 62; regents for, 10, 237; river crossings—Hydaspes, 195-6—Indus, 193, 211—Ister, 78-80—Oxus, 169-70—Tigris, 130-1; sacrifices & offerings, 27-8, 80, 87, 89, 90, 93-4, 112, 119, 122, 123, 125, 131, 134, 144, 202, 205, 213, 222, 262; at Sardis, 93-4; sexual nature, 48, 55, 70, 88, 95, 155, 184-5, 239; at Sidon, 110-12, 113, 114; Sikandar myth, 8, 9; sister (see Cleopatra); and Sisygambis (q.v.), 104-5, 106, 132, 144; in Sogdiana, 182-5, 190; the Successors, 229-30, 235; at Susa, 142-4, 224-32, 248; at Tarsus, 99; theatrical interest, 70, 71, 123; Theban campaign, 82-6; in Thessaly, 75; tomb, 6-7; Triballians defeated, 77; at Troy, 89-90; at Tyre, 112, 114-15, 123; wealth & financial arrangements, 82, 89, 93, 96, 103, 110, 123-4, 140-1, 142-4, 146, 157, 227, 228, 229, 238; weddings, 183-4, 225-7; wives—Roxane (q.v.), 183-5, 186, 190, 193, 204, 239—Barsine-Stateira (q.v.), 109-10, 226, 227
Alexander IV, 10, 250, 268
Alexander’s Feast (Dryden), 17
Alexandreis, 16
Alexandria, 6, 7, 31, 121, 126, 242, 248, 258
Alexandros (King of Epirus), 39, 57, 61, 245
Alexandros (of Lyncestis), 74, 82, 98, 99, 164
Amazons, 9, 28, 239
Ammon, 5, 8, 119, 120-1, 179, 202, 213, 231, 243, 248, 256, 258
Amphissa, 47, 49, 54
Amyntas, 73
Amyntor, 243
Anaxarchus, 174
Andromache, 22
Antigone, 122
Antigonus One-Eye, 260, 261
Antipater, 10, 45, 47, 83, 86, 88, 112, 126, 159, 232, 237, 248, 249, 250, 260, 261
Aornus, 192
Apelles, 69
Aphrodite, 181, 231
Apis, 119, 243
Apollo, 17, 47, 115
Apollodorus, 244-5, 247
Arbela, 130, 138
Aristander, 117
Aristobulus, 13-14, 128, 129, 187, 218, 219, 222, 227, 247, 254, 256, 262
Aristotle, 10, 11, 39-43, 46, 48, 54, 60, 64, 72, 73, 107, 108, 131, 142, 158, 159, 175, 185, 237, 260
Aristoxenus, 70
Arrian (Flavius Arrianus), 13-14, 16, 30-1, 34, 69, 78, 83-4, 85, 91, 93, 94, 97, 98, 100, 101, 102, 104, 115, 119-20, 121, 134, 144, 147, 148, 155, 164, 166, 174, 187, 194, 198, 201, 207, 209, 211, 212, 215, 217-18, 219, 220, 224, 226, 234, 235-6, 237, 238, 239, 241, 242-3, 245, 246, 247, 250, 258, 259, 265
Arridaeaus, 32, 58-9, 60, 74, 76, 128, 267
Arsames, 93
Arses, 61, 68
Artabazus, 29, 87, 109, 150, 151, 152, 155, 156, 159, 160, 169, 172, 173, 178, 183, 184, 226
Artaxerxes II, 29
Asia, 3, 5, 27, 57, 62, 71, 76, 77, 78, 84, 106, 109, 112, 125, 131, 134, 157, 215, 221, 222, 237, 249, 261, 263
Asia Minor, 35-6, 38, 59, 74, 82, 90, 93, 98, 116, 119, 124, 134, 145, 159, 232, 253
Assyria, 106, 130, 139, 211, 246, 248, 255
Athenaeus, 155, 220
Athene, 67, 90
Athens, Athenians, 10-22, 12, 17, 20, 26, 27, 32, 35, 37-8, 39, 40, 45, 47, 49, 50, 51, 53, 54, 58, 62, 66, 67, 74, 75, 82, 83, 86, 108, 110, 112, 118, 131, 144, 147, 155, 156,
164, 174, 177, 187, 188, 222, 228, 229, 255
Attalus, 35, 55, 56, 61, 64, 66, 74-5, 97, 165
Attica, 50, 53, 76, 83, 86, 175
Augustus, 7, 12
Babylon, 3, 5, 11, 99, 101, 112, 130, 137, 139, 140, 141, 146, 147, 225, 227, 228, 244 ff., 255, 256, 259, 261, 264, 267
Bactria (Bactriana), Bactrians, 129, 135, 150 ff., 160, 167, 168, 169, 178, 185, 210, 215, 229, 230, 258
Bagoas (favourite of Alexander), 151, 153-5, 156, 160 ff., 172, 173, 175, 184 ff., 213, 220, 222, 223, 248, 254
Bagoas (Grand Vizier), 61, 68, 142
Bagoas (prince), 204-5
Baraxis, 222
Barsine, 109-10, 184, 226
Barsine-Stateira (wife), 110, 226, 227, 239, 247, 248, 265, 267
Beas, 200, 204
Bel, 141, 246
Benefactors, 167
Bessus, 129, 135, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 156, 157, 161, 167, 168, 169, 170, 172, 182, 254
Bistanes, 150, 164, 173
Boeotia, Boeotians, 50, 51, 82, 210
Britain, 250
Bubaces, 150, 152
Bucephalas, 33, 102, 130, 136, 138, 158, 182, 198
Byzantium, 47, 77, 79
Cadmea, 76, 83
Caesar, Julius, 7, 11, 13, 36, 108, 127
Caesars, 19, 140, 160
Calanus, 194, 222, 224-5, 242
Caligula, 12
Callines, 235
Callisthenes, 10, 14, 158-9, 175, 176, 177, 185, 186, 187-8, 249. See also Pseudo-Callisthenes
Callisthenes (Valerius), 15
Caria, 27, 59, 60, 74, 94, 97, 123, 227
Carthaginians, 115, 245, 250
Caspian Sea, 150, 151, 153, 200, 239
Cassander, 6, 10-11, 16, 18, 22, 237, 248-50, 258-9, 260, 268
Celts, 80, 245
Chaeronea, 51, 75, 77, 82, 83, 85, 86, 89
Chares, 125, 174, 176, 226, 227
China, 9, 167, 189
Cilician Gates, 99
Cleitus (the Black), 92, 167, 178-80, 202, 216, 240
Cleitus (Illyrian), 80-1
Cleomenes, 243, 258
Cleopatra (Queen of Egypt), 7, 99
Cleopatra (sister), 23, 61
Coenus, 196-7, 201, 204
Companion Cavalry, 44, 49, 51, 93, 102, 135, 137, 138, 156-7, 159, 167, 193, 235
Corinth, 54, 58, 60, 76, 81, 92, 230
Cossaeans, 244, 245
Craterus, 31, 91, 122, 196, 197, 204, 205, 209, 211, 212, 213, 220, 225, 226, 236, 237, 238, 239, 242, 250, 265
Crete, 203, 228
Croesus, 93
Crusaders, 15, 97
Curtius, Quintus, 12, 34, 44, 104, 115-16, 117, 132, 139, 145, 146, 147, 150, 151, 153, 154, 155, 162 ff., 169, 182, 187, 208, 222, 223, 234, 266, 267
Cynna, 80
Cyprus, 114, 174
Cyropaedia (Xenophon), 71, 106
Cyrus the Great, 9, 71-3, 92, 93, 106, 107, 127, 139, 146, 167, 211, 219, 221, 222, 223, 255
Damascus, 104, 109, 110, 122
Darius I, the Great, 147, 171, 172, 173, 189, 221, 248, 250
Darius II, 8
Darius III, 9, 16, 17, 29, 37, 68, 74, 81, 82, 87, 90, 98, 99-100, 101, 102-4, 107, 108, 109, lid, 116, 117, 120, 124, 129 ff., 142 ff., 146, 148 ff., 159, 161, 170, 183, 197, 205, 222, 223, 226, 227, 232, 239, 254, 267
Deinocrates, 251
Delphi, 47, 49, 51, 249
Demades, 86
Demaratus, 58, 92
Demosthenes, 10, 17, 37-8, 45, 47, 49, 50, 51, 53, 67, 68, 74, 81, 82, 83, 85, 86, 194, 228, 231
Diodorus, 4, 12, 34, 63, 64, 66, 73, 100, 114, 115, 137, 145, 147, 162, 164, 191, 252
Dionysius (god), 23, 53, 64, 147, 178, 180-1, 189, 193, 219
Dionysius I, of Syracuse, 25, 227
Dodona, 56, 57, 120
Drangiana, 162
Dryden, John, 17
Drypetis, 226, 247, 267
Dymnus, 162, 163
Ecbatana, 139, 146, 149, 157, 165, 172, 178, 233, 237, 239-44, 247
Egypt, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 31, 94, 112, 116, 118-19, 120, 122, 123, 124, 126, 134, 150, 174, 231, 243, 250, 254, 264
Elatia, 50, 51
Eleusinian Mysteries, 86
Ephesus, 94
Epictetus, 13
Epirus, 21-2, 39, 56, 57, 58, 61, 76, 245
Erigyius, 168
Ethiopians, 11, 245
Eumenes, 237, 238, 242
Euphrates, 5, 79, 107, 112, 116, 130, 135, 170, 189, 245, 246, 250, 253, 255, 260, 262
Euripides, 42, 246
Eurydice, 58, 61, 76
Exile’s Decree, 231-2, 249
Fuller, Gen. J. F. C., 91
Gaugamela, 34, 131, 132, 139, 141, 144, 146, 150, 168, 196
Gaza, 117, 246
Glaucias, 241, 242
Gordium, 98
Granicus, 90-3, 100, 101, 167, 179, 205
Grote, George, 17, 32
Hadrian, 13
Hagnothemis, 260, 261
Halicarnassus, 96-7
Hannibal, 168
Harpalus, 123-4, 141, 149, 228, 231, 232, 246, 250
Hecataeus, 74-5
Hector (son of Parmenion), 122
Hellanice, 92
Hellespont, 5, 7, 26, 45, 61, 76, 89
Hephaestion, 31, 43-4, 48, 54, 60, 90, 91, 104, 105, 110-11, 116-17, 118, 121, 126, 137, 161, 162, 167, 173, 175, 176, 178, 181, 185, 186, 190, 193, 194, 195, 196, 199, 203-4, 205, 206, 209, 212, 213, 217, 221, 225, 226, 233, 234, 237, 238, 239, 240-4, 247, 251-3, 257, 258, 262, 267
Heracles, 80, 83, 94, 112, 120, 189, 192, 201, 205, 259
Hermias, 40, 43
Hermolaus, 185-6, 187
Herodotus, 139, 173, 177, 239
Hindu Rush, 168, 211
Homer, 20, 28, 44, 52, 71, 90, 113, 118, 158, 198, 207, 244, 247, 256
Hydaspes, 195, 198, 205
Hyrcania, 153, 157, 158, 178
Iliad, 28, 42, 142, 158
Illyria, Illyrians, 22, 35, 36, 45, 47, 57, 58, 65, 77, 80-1, 84
India, 9, 11, 14, 128, 129, 137, 161, 167, 177, 185, 189 ff., 203 ff., 207, 212, 215, 222, 224, 225, 230, 239, 244, 264
Indus, 189-90, 193, 195, 203, 211, 212, 214, 263
Iollas, 248, 259, 260, 262
Isocrates, 36, 38, 39
Issus, 100, 109, 118, 123, 130, 131, 132, 135, 137, 151
Ister, 77, 78-9, 80, 170
Italy, 16, 245, 250
Jaxartes, 171, 172
Judaea, 6, 11, 107
Justin, 12, 76
Kandahar, 181, 212
Kashmir, 199-200
Khyber, 190, 203, 211
Kipling, Rudyard, 177, 192
Lambarus, 77, 80, 102
Lawrence, T. E., 236
League of Corinth, 230
Leonnatus, 64, 207
Leonidas, 27, 28, 141, 145, 194
Lyceum, 11, 12, 17, 40, 159, 175, 188, 249
Lysander, 231
Lysimachus, 28, 113, 196, 257
Lysippus, 69
Maedi, 45, 77
Makran, 218, 219, 251
Mallians, 205, 206, 207, 210, 220
Marathon, 50, 83
Mardians, 158
Mark Antony, 7, 97, 99
Marsden, E. W., 138-9
Massaga, 191
Mazaces, 118
Mazaeus, 130, 131, 135, 137, 140 f.
Medea (Euripides), 65
Media, Medes, 150, 160, 222
Medius, 258-9, 261
Melkart, 112, 123
Memnon, 87, 88, 90, 93, 97, 100, 109, 150, 226
Memphis, 6, 118, 120, 122
Mesopotamia, 108, 129, 142
Midas, 98
Middle Ages, 15, 41, 91
Miletus, 95, 96, 97, 114
Montrose, James Graham, 87
Multan, 206, 221, 246
Musicanus, 212
Nabarzanes, 101 ff., 130, 137, 150 ff., 168, 170
Nearchus, 14, 193, 194, 203, 204, 207, 209-10, 211, 214, 215, 218, 219, 221, 225, 226, 245-6, 2
47, 250, 258, 265
Nebuchadnezzar, 139
Nectanebo, 7, 8, 122
Neoptolemus, 22
Nichomachus, 40, 162, 163
Nicias, 131
Nile, 118, 119, 190, 203, 250
Nysa, 192, 193
Ochus (Artaxerxes III), 29, 38, 43, 61, 87, 100, 109, 112, 119, 145, 150, 151, 161, 227, 248
Olympias, 7-8, 21, 22, 23-4, 26, 27, 32, 39, 44, 45, 46, 48, 55, 56, 58, 59, 61, 63, 64, 65, 76, 88, 121, 126, 181, 228, 237, 245, 249-50, 267, 268
Olympic Games, 22, 70, 232
Omphis, 190, 193, 194, 197, 199
“On Horsemanship” (Xenophon), 33
Opis, 5, 233, 237, 238, 240
Orxines, 223
Oxathres, 103, 139, 156, 161, 164, 170, 172, 173
Oxus, 169-70, 175, 178, 218, 246
Oxyartes, 182, 210
Parallel Lives (Plutarch), 13
Parmenion, 22, 60, 61, 75, 76, 79, 87, 91, 95, 97, 98, 99, 102, 103, 109, 116, 122, 133 ff., 140, 142, 147, 148, 157, 162, 164 ff., 178, 180
Parysatis, 227
Pasargadae, 146, 221, 222
Patroclus, 44, 240, 241, 247, 251, 252, 257
Patron, 151-2, 156
Pausanias, 34, 35, 55, 62-3, 65, 66, 68, 76
Peithagoras, 244, 247
Pella, 20, 30, 38, 43, 60, 77, 89, 243, 249
Pelopidas, 20
Peloponnesian War, 35, 47, 131
Perdiccas III, 19, 20-1, 73, 75
Perdiccas (general), 6, 64, 84, 89, 91, 190, 196, 206, 208, 244, 259, 265, 266, 267
Pericles, 37, 50, 51
Perinthus, 46, 47
Persepolis, 139, 144 ff., 153, 160, 221 ff., 248
Persian War, 61
Persis, 144
Peucestas, 206, 207, 208, 221, 223, 230, 250, 253, 264, 266
Pharnaces, 204-5
Phidias, 94
Philip II, 8, 10, 17, 19-26, 27, 29, 30, 32 ff., 44 ff., 71, 73 ff., 79, 82, 84 ff., 88-9, 97, 99, 108, 109, 121, 123, 159, 168, 177, 178, 184, 234, 238
Philip (doctor), 99, 241
Philostratus, 198
Philotas, 60, 79, 81, 83, 91, 96, 110, 122-3, 144, 162-4, 165-6