/>"Madam, no way is it possible, by twisting its clear meaning, 
 
555 
 
 
 
to interpret this dream any other way, since Odysseus himself 
 
 
 
has shown you how he'll fulfill it! The doom of all the suitors 
 
 
 
is clear! Not one of them will escape death and the fates!" 
 
 
 
 
 
Then prudent Penelope responded to him, saying: 
 
 
 
"Stranger, dreams are hard to make sense of or interpret, 
 
560 
 
 
 
and not all of them reach fulfillment for us mortals. 
 
 
 
For there are two gateways set up for fleeting dreams, 
 
 
 
of which one is constructed from horn, the other from ivory. 
 
 
 
Those dreams that come through the gate of sawn ivory 
 
 
 
are deceptive, bringing words that remain unfulfilled; 
 
565 
 
 
 
but those that emerge from the gate of polished horn 
 
 
 
presage the truth for anyone who beholds them.19 But for me 
 
 
 
it was not, I think, from there that my own strange dream 
 
 
 
came--welcome though that would have been to me and my son! 
 
 
 
And another thing I will tell you, and you take it to heart: 
 
570 
 
 
 
The ill-starred day is approaching that's to remove me 
 
 
 
from the house of Odysseus: for now I shall order a contest-- 
 
 
 
those axes that he used to set up here in his halls 
 
 
 
in a straight line, like ships' props, twelve of them all told-- 
 
 
 
he'd stand at a distance, and shoot an arrow through them. 
 
575 
 
 
 
So now I shall order this contest for the suitors:20 
 
 
 
whoever, handling his bow, shall string it most easily 
 
 
 
and then shoot an arrow clear through all twelve axes, 
 
 
 
with him I'd depart, leaving this house to which I came 
 
 
 
as a wedded wife--a fine home, and full of rich possessions! 
 
580 
 
 
 
I think I shall always remember it, even in my dreams." 
 
 
 
 
 
To her resourceful Odysseus then responded, saying: 
 
 
 
"Respected wife of Odysseus, son of Laertes, 
 
 
 
do not any longer delay this contest in your house, 
 
 
 
for resourceful Odysseus will arrive here before that-- 
 
585 
 
 
 
before these fellows can get to handle the polished bow, 
 
 
 
or string it, or shoot an arrow clean through the iron." 
 
 
 
 
 
Then 
 
 
 
to him prudent Penelope responded, saying: "If you 
 
 
 
were only willing, stranger, to sit on here in my halls 
 
 
 
and amuse me, sleep would never be shed upon my eyelids! 
 
590 
 
 
 
But no way can people possibly go without sleep forever; 
 
 
 
and so to each one of us mortals on this grain-giving earth 
 
 
 
the immortals have allotted a proper time for repose. 
 
 
 
So I shall go on back to my upper chamber and lie 
 
 
 
on my bed, though it's become a place of mourning for me, 
 
595 
 
 
 
always made damp by my tears, since the day when Odysseus 
 
 
 
left to set eyes on ill Ilion--that unspeakable name! 
 
 
 
That's where I shall lie; but you sleep here in the hall-- 
 
 
 
spread your own bedding, or have them make you up a bed." 
 
 
 
So saying, she went off back to her bright upper chamber, 
 
600 
 
 
 
not alone, for her handmaids accompanied her. And after 
 
 
 
she'd retired to her upper chamber with her handmaids, then 
 
 
 
she wept for Odysseus, her dear husband, until 
 
 
 
grey-eyed Athene cast sweet sleep upon her eyelids. 
 
 
 
 
 
Book 20 
 
 
But noble Odysseus bedded down for sleep in the forecourt. 
 
 
 
On the ground he spread out an undressed oxhide, above it 
 
 
 
putting many fleeces from sheep the Achaians had sacrificed; 
 
 
 
and when he settled, Eurynome threw a cloak over him. 
 
 
 
So Odysseus, brooding on evil for the suitors in his heart 
 
5 
 
 
 
lay there, still wakeful. And then from their hall the women 
 
 
 
emerged--those who had taken to sleeping with the suitors-- 
 
 
 
laughing and chattering cheerfully one to another; and rage 
 
 
 
erupted now in his breast, and much he debated, 
 
 
 
emotion and reason competing for his decision, whether 
 
10 
 
 
 
to get up and rush them now, deal death to each one of them, 
 
 
 
or leave them to couple one last and final time 
 
 
 
with these arrogant suitors. And his inner heart was growling 
 
 
 
as a bitch standing over her helpless puppies will growl 
 
 
 
at some unfamiliar man, more than ready to fight him: so 
 
15 
 
 
 
his heart growled within him, enraged at their bad behavior. 
 
 
 
But he beat his breast, and upbraided his heart, declaring: 
 
 
 
"Endure, my heart! Worse than this you once endured 
 
 
 
that day when the Kyklops, unmatchable in his strength, 
 
 
 
was eating my valiant comrades; but you held on, till my plan 
 
20 
 
 
 
brought you safe out of that cave where you thought you'd die." 
 
 
 
 
 
So he spoke, addressing the dear spirit in his breast. 
 
 
 
In full obedience to him, his heart now endured 
 
 
 
without pause; but he himself kept tossing and turning. 
 
 
 
As a man cooking a paunch chockful of fat and blood 
 
25 
 
 
 
on a fierce blazing fire will turn it to and fro, 
 
 
 
determined to get it cooked through as fast as he can, 
 
 
 
so Odysseus tossed this way and that, trying to work out 
 
 
 
how he was going to lay hands on the shameless suitors, 
 
 
 
one man against so many. Then Athene approached him, 
 
30 
 
 
 
down from the sky, in appearance like a woman, 
 
 
 
and stood above his head, and addressed him, saying: 
 
 
 
"Wakeful again, you most illfated of all mortals? 
 
 
 
This is your own house, and in this house are your wife 
 
 
 
and son--such a son indeed as anybody might pray for!" 
 
35 
 
 
 
 
 
To her then resourceful Odysseus responded, saying: 
 
 
 
"Yes indeed, goddess, all you've said is right and proper. 
 
 
 
But here is what the heart in my breast is debating: 
 
 
 
how I'm going to lay hands on these shameless suitors, 
 
 
 
alone, while they're always in a body when they're here. 
 
40 
 
 
 
What's more, there's this greater problem that I'm facing: 
 
 
 
even if--both Zeus and you willing--I do kill them, 
 
 
 
how then would I make my escape? Please consider that!" 
 
 
 
 
 
Then the goddess, grey-eyed Athene, responded to him, saying: 
 
 
 
"Stubborn man! There are many who'd trust a weaker comrade-- 
 
45 
 
 
 
a mortal, without any knowledge of such wisdom as mine! 
 
 
 
But I am a god, one who guards you through to the end 
 
 
 
in all your endeavors! And I'll tell you this openly: 
 
 
 
if there were fifty troops of mortal men in ambush 
 
 
 
all round us, firmly determined to kill us, nevertheless 
 
50 
 
 
 
even then you'd drive off with their cattle and fattened sheep! 
 
 
 
But for now let sleep overtake you. To stay awake on watch 
 
 
 
all night is a bad thing too. Soon you'll be free of troubles." 
 
 
 
 
 
So she spoke, and shed sleep on his eyelids, but herself, 
 
 
 
bright among goddesses, made her way back to Olympos. 
 
55 
 
 
 
 
 
While sleep, the limb-loosener, still had hold of him, 
 
 
 
relaxing the cares of his heart, his affectionate wife 
 
 
 
awoke and wept, sitting up there, still in her soft bed. 
 
 
 
But when her spirit had had its fill of weeping, then she, 
 
 
 
bright among women, first prayed to Artemis, saying: 
 
60 
 
 
 
"Artemis, lady goddess, daughter of Zeus, how I wish 
 
 
 
you'd shoot a shaft into my breast and take away my life 
 
 
 
now, at this instant, or a storm wind would snatch me up, 
 
 
 
whirl me away along those dark murky pathways, 
 
 
 
cast me forth at the mouth of refluent Ocean, as once 
 
65 
 
 
 
storm winds carried away Pandareus' daughters! The gods 
 
 
 
had killed their parents, and they were left abandoned 
 
 
 
as orphans there in the halls, and were cared for by Aphrodite 
 
 
 
with cheese and sweet honey and pleasant-tasting wine; 
 
 
 
and Here bestowed on them, above all other women, 
 
70 
 
 
 
beauty and wisdom, while chaste Artemis gave them stature, 
 
 
 
and Athene made them accomplished in elegant handiwork. 
 
 
 
But while bright Aphrodite was making for high Olympos-- 
 
 
 
to Zeus, with his joy in the thunderbolt, for well he knows all, 
 
 
 
both the good fortune and the misfortunes of transient mortals-- 
 
75 
 
 
 
to ask for these girls the fulfillment of a healthy marriage, 
 
 
 
the storm winds' spirits meanwhile snatched them away 
 
 
 
and surrendered them to the mercy of the loathsome Furies.1 
 
 
 
So, I wish, might those powers whose homes are on Olympos 
 
 
 
annihilate me, or fair-tressed Artemis strike me--Odysseus 
 
80 
 
 
 
would be in my mind's eye as I went under this hated earth, 
 
 
 
and I'd never pleasure the thoughts of any lesser husband! 
 
 
 
Yet the burden's endurable for anyone who weeps 
 
 
 
in the daytime, constantly moved by deep distress at heart, 
 
 
 
but is mastered by sleep at night, for sleep brings forgetfulness 
 
85 
 
 
 
of all things, both good and bad, once it's shrouded the eyelids. 
 
 
 
Yet on me some god laid the burden of evil dreams as well, 
 
 
 
for this night there lay in my arms one exactly like him, 
 
 
 
as he was when he left with his troops, and so my spirit 
 
 
 
rejoiced, for I thought it no dream, but rather a waking vision." 
 
90 
 
 
 
 
 
So she spoke, and straightway Dawn, the golden-throned, came up. 
 
 
 
The sound of her voice, weeping, got through to noble Odysseus: 
 
 
 
he tried to think, and it seemed to his half-asleep mind 
 
 
 
that she'd recognized him and was standing there at his head. 
 
 
 
Then he picked up the cloak, and the fleeces that he'd slept on, 
 
95 
 
 
 
put them down on a chair in the hall, and carried the oxhide 
 
 
 
outside, and left it. Hands raised, he then made his prayer to Zeus: 
 
 
 
"Zeus, Father, if willingly you gods have now brought me back 
 
 
 
over dry and wet to my country, after troubling me so much, 
 
 
 
let one of those waking inside speak a word of omen for me, 
 
100 
 
 
 
and out here a sign from Zeus be made manifest as well." 
 
 
 
So he spoke in prayer, and Zeus the Counselor heard him. 
 
 
 
At once he delivered thunder from gleaming Olympos 
 
 
 
on high out of the clouds, and noble Odysseus rejoiced. 
 
 
 
And a woman, a grinder of grain, sent forth a word of omen 
 
105 
 
 
 
from the house nearby where the mills of the people's shepherd 
 
 
 
were set. At these twelve women all told were workers, 
 
 
 
grinding barley and wheat, men's marrow. By now the others 
 
 
 
were all asleep, having ground their quota of wheat, and she 
 
 
 
was the only one who'd not finished, for she was the weakest. 
 
110 
 
 
 
She stopped her quern now and uttered an omen for her lord: 
 
 
 
"Zeus, Father, lord over gods and men, how loudly 
 
 
 
you thundered out of the starry sky, yet nowhere is there 
 
 
 
any trace of cloud: this must be a portent you're granting someone! 
 
 
 
Then fulfill for poor me too the wish I shall now pronounce: 
 
115 
 
 
 
May this be the final and latest day on which these suitors 
 
 
 
enjoy their delectable feast in the halls of Odysseus, they 
 
 
 
who've weakened my knees with so much agonizing labor 
 
 
 
grinding their grain: may this dinner be their last!" 
 
 
 
 
 
So she spoke: noble Odysseus rejoiced at the words of omen 
 
120 
 
 
 
and the thunder of Zeus, as he planned revenge upon the guilty. 
 
 
 
 
 
The other serving women in Odysseus' splendid house 
 
 
 
were up now. They rekindled unwearying fire on the hearth, 
 
 
 
and Telemachos rose from his bed, a godlike mortal, 
 
 
 
put on his clothes, slung a sharp sword from his shoulder, 
 
125 
 
 
 
bound on a pair of fine sandals under his sleek feet, 
 
 
 
picked out a sturdy spear, tipped with keen bronze, and went 
 
 
 
and stood at the threshold, and then addressed Eurykleia, saying: 
 
 
 
"Dear nurse, have you honored the stranger in our house 
 
 
 
with a bed and food, or does he lie as he is, uncared-for? 
 
130 
 
 
 
Clever my mother may be, but that's her way: on impulse 
 
 
 
she'll do the honors for some person who's entirely 
 
 
 
unimportant, yet dismiss his better with no respect." 
 
 
 
 
 
To him then prudent Eurykleia responded, saying: "Child, 
 
 
 
in this case you shouldn't blame her, when she's blameless. 
 
135 
 
 
 
He sat there drinking wine as long as he'd a mind to, 
 
 
 
but for food he said he'd no more appetite: she asked him. 
 
 
 
Then later, when his thoughts turned to lying down and sleep, 
 
 
 
she told her serving women to make up a bed for him; 
 
 
 
but he--like some totally wretched and illfated person-- 
 
140 
 
 
 
didn't want to sleep in a bed or under blankets, but chose 
 
 
 
to doss down on an undressed oxhide and fleeces of sheep 
 
 
 
in the forecourt: we had to throw a cloak over him." 
 
 
 
 
 
So she spoke. Telemachos made his way out through the hall, 
 
 
 
spear in hand, two hunting dogs at his heels, and went 
 
145 
 
 
 
to the place of assembly to join the well-greaved Achaians. 
 
 
 
Now Eurykleia, bright among women--daughter of Ops, 
 
 
 
Peisenor's son--addressed the handmaids, saying: "To work! 
 
 
 
Some of you busy yourselves with sweeping the house out, 
 
 
 
sprinkling the floors, and dressing the well-made chairs 
 
150 
 
 
 
with their purple coverlets; others wipe off all the tables 
 
 
 
with sponges, wash clean the mixing-bowls and the crafted 
 
 
 
two-handled drinking cups; others go fetch water 
 
 
 
from the spring--and move smartly, get it back here soon! 
 
 
 
For the suitors won't be long absent from the hall: they'll return 
 
155 
 
 
 
good and early: this is a public feast day." 
 
 
 
 
 
So she spoke, 
 
 
 
and each one listened with care and did what she ordered: 
 
 
 
twenty set off to the spring of dark water, while the rest 
 
 
 
went knowledgeably about their various tasks in the house. 
 
 
 
 
 
Then in came the spirited menservants and began 
 
160 
 
 
 
to split logs well and skillfully, while the women 
 
 
 
returned from the spring; and after them came the swineherd 
 
 
 
driving three hogs, the best ones of all that he had; 
 
 
 
these he let out to graze in the lush enclosures, 
 
 
 
and himself put a friendly query to Odysseus, saying: 
 
165 
 
 
 
"Stranger, do the Achaians show you more regard now? 
 
 
 
Or are they still insulting you here in the hall, as before?" 
 
 
 
 
 
To him resourceful Odysseus responded, saying: "Eumaios, 
 
 
 
would that the gods might exact requital for the outrage 
 
 
 
of these men, who in their arrogance behave so recklessly 
 
170 
 
 
 
in another man's house, and have no sense of shame." 
 
 
 
 
 
Such was the conversation they had with one another. 
 
 
 
Then up to them came Melanthios, the goatherd, driving 
 
 
 
those she-goats that were the finest of all in his flocks 
 
 
 
to make a meal for the suitors. Two herdsmen accompanied him. 
 
175