West, J.B. Hainsworth, et al., eds. A Commentary on Homer's Odyssey. Vol. 1: Introduction and Books i-viii. Oxford, 1988.
Heubeck, A., and A. Hoekstra, eds. A Commentary on Homer's Odyssey. Vol. 2: Books ix-xvi. Oxford, 1989. For vol. 3, see Russo et al., below.
Hughes, B. Helen of Troy: Goddess, Princess, Whore. New York, 2005.
Johnston, S. I. The Restless Dead: Encounters between the Living and the Dead in Ancient Greece. Berkeley, CA, 1999.
Jong, I. J. F. de. A Narratological Commentary on the Odyssey. Cambridge, 2001.
Kahane, A. Homer: A Guide for the Perplexed. London, 2012.
*Latacz, J. Homer: His Art and His World. Trans. J. P. Holoka. Ann Arbor, MI, 1998.
Leaf, W., ed. Homer: The Iliad. 1886-88. 2nd ed. 2 vols. London, 1900-1902.
Lattimore, R., trans. The Odyssey of Homer. New York, 1965.
Lloyd-Jones, H. The Justice of Zeus. Berkeley, CA, 1971. Rev. ed., 1983.
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Lord, A.B. The Singer of Tales. Cambridge, MA, 1960.
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Index
NOTE
Some major entries consist of two sections: the first of events in order of occurrence, the second an alphabetically ordered selection of topics.
LOCATOR FORMATS AND SEQUENCE
Map: lowercase small roman numerals, e.g., xiimap Introduction: italic typeface
Translation: plain typeface in book/line format, e.g., 1.111
Synopsis: typeface italic
Glossary: bold typeface
Achaia, Achaians, ixmap; 11.166, 481; 13.249; 21.107; 23.68; 441; application of term, 2.7&n1; 441
Acheron, river of Hades, ixmap; 10.513&n5; 441
Achilleion, near Sigeion, 24.82n2
Achilles, son of Peleus, 441; Athene restrains, at Troy, 18-19; and Antilochos, 4.188n6; contest over arms, 11.544-56; 401; death and burial, 5; 3.109; 5.308-310; 24.35-97; 436-37; 450, 467; and Neoptolemos, 4.5n1; 11.492-93, 506-40; 401; 441, 467, 477; quarrel with Odysseus at feast of gods, 8.73-82; 388-89; 450; sea raiding, 3.106; shade in underworld, 24.15, 19-98; 436-37, (meeting with Odysseus) 11.467-540; 401; 441, 467, 481
Achilles, son of. See Neoptolemos action, density of, 12-13
Adreste, 4.122-23
adultery, fines for, 8.332-33, 346-56; 390
Aegean Sea, xmap; 441
aegis, 22.297-98; 432; 441
Aeschylus; reading of ex halos, 11.134n2
Aethiopis, 5; 445
Agamemnon, king of Mykenai, 15-17; 441-42; death, 17; 1.35-43; 3.193-94, 234-35; 4.512-37&n11; 11.397-434, 439, 452-53; 24.20-22, 95-97, 199-202; 375, 378, 380-81, 400, 437; 442, 459, 461, (chronology) 16, 17; 3.255-57, 275n3; 7.295n5; 460, (see also under Aigisthos; Klytaimnestra; Menelaos); grave mound in Egypt, 4.584-85; 381; and Iphigeneia, 16-17; 459; Odysseus saved from similar fate, 13.383-84; 406; 442-43; Orestes avenges, 17; 1.30, 40-41, 298-300; 3.195-98, 306-10; 4.546-47; 375, 378, 381; 442, 460, 470; return from Troy delayed to offer sacrifice, 3.135-50, 155-56; 377; shade in underworld, 16, 17; 11.387-464; 24.19-98, 102-204, (and Achilles' shade) 24.19-98; 436-37, (and Amphimedon's shade) 24.102-204; 437-38, (contrasts Klytaimnestra with Penelope) 17; 11.441-56; 24.192-202; 438, (Odysseus meets) 11.387-464; 400; 442, 481, (on own death) 11.405-34; 24.95-97, 199-202; 442, (on women's untrustworthiness) 11.441-56; 400; 442; and Trojan War, 8.77-81; 14.70, 116-17; 24.115-19&n3; 389, 437; and Zeus, 24.24-25; 436
Agelaos, son of Damastor, 20.320-37; 22.131-34, 212-23, 241, 247-54, 292-93, 327; 427, 432; 442
agkon, 14.494&n5
agriculture. See farming
Aiaia, 442; events on, 10.135-574; 11.70-78; 12.1-152; 395, 401-2; location, 10.507-8; 12.3-4; 442; mythical nature, 14. See also Kirke Aiakos, grandfather of Achilles, 11.471; 442
Aias (1), son of Telamon, 442, 481; at Troy, 5; 3.109; 442; shade in Underworld, 11.469-70, 543-64; 24.17-18; 401, 436; 442, 481
Aias (2), son of Oileus, 4.499-511&n10; 5.108n3; 380; 442, 460
Aidon, daughter of Pandareus, 11.265n3
Aietes, king of Kolchis, 10.137-39; 12.70; 442
Aigai, 5.381
Aigisthos, 15-17; 1.29-46; 3.247-75, 301-10; 442-43; seduction of Klytaimnestra, 17; 3.262-75&n3; 378; 442; killing of Agamemnon, 17; 1.35-46; 3.194, 234-35; 4.91-92, 518-37; 11.409-34; 24.20-22, 95-97; 375, 378, 381, 400; 442-43; marriage to Klytaimnestra, rule in Mykenai, 16, 17; 1.36-46; 3.255-75, 303-5; 7.259n5; 378; 442; killing by Orestes, 17; 1.298-300; 3.195-98, 306-10; 4.546-47; 375, 378, 381; 442, 470
------. and Atreus' crimes, 442; chronology of events, 16, 17; 3.255-57, 275n3; 7.259n5; 460; epithet amumon, 16; 1.29&n1
Aigyptios, an Ithakan, 2.15-34; 376
Aigyptos; used to signify the Nile (q.v.), 451
Aiolos, Aiolia, 6-7; 10.1-79; 11.237; 23.314-16; 394-95, 436; 443
Aison, king of Iolkos, 11.259; 443
Aithiopes, -ians, 1.22-26; 4.84; 5.282, 287; 384; 443. See also Memnon Aithon (Odysseus' assumed name), 19.183-84; 423
Aitolian, fugitive on Ithake, 14.378-85
Akarnania, ixmap; 443
Akastos, king of Doulichion, 14.336; 451
Akroneos, 8.111
Aktor, daughter of, 23.227-29; 435
Alektor, daughter of, 4.10
Alexandros. See Paris/Alexandros Alkandre, wife of Polybos, 4.125-32
Alkinoos, king of Phaiakians, 6.12; 443; and Nausikaa's trip to washing troughs, 6.49-71; 385; Odysseus comes to house, 6.194-97, 251-315, 316-331; 7.14-77, 81-85, 133-54; 386-87; reception of Odysseus, 7.167-206, 230-334; 387-88; at assembly, 8.1-7, 24-45; 388; hosts feasting and games for Odysseus, 8.37-45, 56-104, 233-55, 385-97; 388-89; organizes guest-gifts, 8.385-97, 420-43, 430-32; 390-91; and Odysseus' story, 8.534-86; 11.347-76; 391, 400; proposes further gifts, 13.1-15; 404; and Odysseus' departure, 3; 13.20-25, 37-39, 49-52, 64-65; 404
------. ancestry, 7.54-63; gift-giving, 3; 8.385-97, 420-43; 11.350-61; 13.1-15; 390, 391, 400, 404; house described, 7.81-132; 387; irony, 14; 11.356-76; 443; king's share of profits, 7.10-11; Odysseus would be welcome son-in-law, 20; 7.311-16; 388; 466-67; on oracle foretelling Poseidon's revenge, 13.171-83; 404-5; sons, 6.62-65; 7.4-6; 8.419-21, (see also Halios; Klytoneos; Laodamas); tact and understanding, (defuses argument) 8.233-55; 389, (and Nausikaa) 6.66-70, (and Odysseus' distress) 8.93-104, 532-45, 577-86; 389, 391; weakness compared to wife, 6.308-15; 446; wife. See Arete Alkippe, 4.124
Alkmaion, 15.248; 443
Alkmene, 2.120-21&n2; 11.266-68; 399; 444
Aloeus, 11.305
Alpheios, river and god, ixmap; 3.489; 15.187; 444
Alybas (fictitious place in Sicily), 24.304-6&n5; 438
amber, 15.460; 18.295-96; 421
ambiguity of language, 12
ambrosia, 4.445-46; 5.93, 199; 9.359; 12.62-65; 380; and beauty, 8.364-65; 18.190-94&n6; epithet ambrosios, 5.45; 24.59, (of night) 4.429&n9, 574; 7.283; 9.404; 15.8
Amnisos, xmap; 19.188-89; 423; 444
Amphialos, son of Polyneos, 8.114, 128
Amphiaraos, 15.244-47&n5, 253; 444, 479, 452
Amphilochos, 15.248
Amphimedon, 22.241-45, 277-78, 284; 432; shade in underworld, 24.102-204; 437-38; 444
Amphinomos, son of Aretias, 16.351-57, 394-405; 18.118-57; 414, 420; Penelope enjoys conversation, 16.397-98; 444; opposes plans to kill Telemachos, 16.400-406; 20.244-47; 427; 444; kind to beggar/Odysseus, who attempts to warn him, 18.119-50, 395, 412-22, 424; 420, 422; death, 18.155-56; 22.89-96, 246n3; 420, 431; 444
Amphion, son of Iasos, 11.283-84&n6
Amphion, son of Zeus and Antiope, 11.262-65&n3; 19.522n16; 399; 444, 466
Amphithee, wife of Autolykos, 19.416-17
Amphitrite, 3.91&n2; 4.404n8; 5.422; 12.60, 97; 444
Amphitryon, 11.266, 270; 399
Amythaon, 11.259
Anabesineos, 8.113
Anchialos, a Phaiakian, 8.112
Anchialos, lord of the Taphians, 1.180, 264, 418
anchor stones, 9.137; 15.498
anenue (backwards movement of head in negation), 21.129&n6
animal husbandry, 2; Libyan sheep, 4.85-89. See also under Ithake; Polyphemos Antikleia, mother of Odysseus, 11.84-89, 141-224; 23.325; 398, 399, 436; 444-45
Antiklos, 4.285-89
Antilochos, 445; burial, 24.78-79; 437; 445; family remember, 3.111-12; 4.186-202&n6; 379; shade in underworld, 11.468; 24.16; 401, 436; 445
Antinoos, 445; argues with Telemachos, 1.383-98; 376; tells assembly of Penelope's deception, 2.84-128; 376; and Telemachos' journey to Peloponnese, 2.301-22; 4.628-47; 377, 381; 445; and plan to kill Telemachos, 4.660-72, 773-78; 16.363-92, 416-33; 381-82, 414; 445; and Odysseus disguised as beggar, 17.374-464, 472-88; 417-18; 445; and fight between Odysseus and Iros, 18.34-49, 78-87, 118-19; 419; initiates suitors' gifts to Penelope, 18.284-94; 421; on need to put up with Telemachos, 20.270-75; 427; and contest of the bow, 21.83-100, 140-43, 167-80, 186-87, 256-68, 277-80, 287-310; 429, 430; 445; death, 22.8-23; 24.179-80; 431, 437; 445; Eurymachos tries to lay blame on, 22.48-53; 431
------. character, 5; 2.85-128; 445; father. See Eupeithes; Odysseus' cover story to, 14; 17.412-44; 417; Penelope's opinion of, 17.500; 418; on Penelope's shrewdness, 2.120-21; 444; Telemachos makes flattering reference, 18.65
Antiope, 11.260-65; 19.522n16; 399; 445
Antiphates, a Laistrygonian, and family, 10.105-18, 198-99; 395
Antiphates, son of Melampous, 15.242-43
Antiphos, an Ithakan, 17.67-71
Antiphos, son of Aigyptios, Odysseus' crew-member, 2.17-20; 376
Aornos, river of Hades, 10.514n5
Apeire, 7.8, 9
Apheidas (fictitious Sicilian), 24.305
Aphrodite, 445-46; and Ares, 8.266-366; 390; 446; erotic euphemisms, 22.444; 445-46; Helen blames for her actions, 4.261-62; as Kythereia, 8.288&n2; 18.193-94&n7; 462; and Pandareus' daughters, 20.68-69, 73-74; Penelope compared to, 17.37&n1; 19.54; sanctuary at Paphos, 8.362-63; 390; 449, 470; yardstick for beauty, 4.14; 17.37&n1; 19.54
Apollo, 446; and Amphiaraos, 15.244-45; and Aphrodite's affair with Ares, 8.323, 334-37; 390; bringer of death, 3.278-83; 11.318; 15.409-11; 17.251-52; and Delphic oracle, 8.79-81; 11.581n11; 389; epithet kourotrophos, guide and protector of young men, 19.86&n2; and Eurytos, 8.226-28; 389; grove on Ithake, 20.277-78; Maro, priest at Ismaros, 9.197-211; 392; and Niobe, 11.265n3; and prophecy, 8.79-81; 15.252
Apollonios of Rhodes, 4, 23
appearance, changes in: Odysseus' disguised entry into Troy, 4.240-58. See also Athene (forms taken by; Laertes rejuvenated by; and Odysseus; and Penelope) apple trees, 7.115, 120; 24.340-42; 387
apteros (unwinged, of words), 17.57&n2; 19.29; 21.386; 22.398
archery: aristocratic disdain for, 468-69; Herakles' prowess, 8.223-25; 389; Odysseus' bow, 21.11-41, 393-403; 22.119-21; 428, 430-31; Odysseus' prowess, 8.215-28; 21.393-427; 22.1-21, 81-82, 116-21; 389, 430-31; 457, 468-69; poisoned arrows, 1.260-64; 468-69. See also bow, contest of Ares: and Aphrodite, 8.266-366; 390; 446; and warfare, 8.115, 517; 11.537; 14.216; 16.269
Arete, wife of Alkinoos, queen of Phaiakians, 7.53-77; 443, 446; ancestry, 7.53-66, 146; 387; 446; authority, 6.308-15; 7.66-74; 13.56-60; 446; and domestic matters, 6.51-53, 75-80; 7.335; and Odysseus, 8.420-57; 13.56-60, 66; 388, 391, 404, (he supplicates her) 6.303-15; 7.139-52; 386, 387, (and his story) 7.230-345; 11.335-41; 387-88, 400
Arethousa, spring of, on Ithake, 13.408
Aretos, son of Nestor, 3.414, 440-42
Argo, 8; 12.66-72&n1; 402; 442, 459, 463
Argolid, ixmap; 446
Argos, city, ixmap; 446-47; Diomedes' home, 3.181; 378; 447; 'horse-grazing', 3.263; 4.99, 562; 15.239, 274; Iasian, 18.246; 447; Melampous in, 15.238-42; Theoklymenos on run from, 15.224, 272-74; 410; used of Greece as a whole, 18.246; 24.37; 447; used of Peloponnese, 3.251, 263; 4.99, 562; 447, 457, (in formula 'Hellas and mid-Argos') 1.344; 4.726, 816; 15.80; 457
Argos, hound of Odysseus, 2; 17.291-327; 416
Argos, monster; Hermes' epithet as slayer of, 1.38; 5.43&n1, 49, 75, 94; 458
Argives; application of term, 447
Ariadne, 11.321-25&n8; 400; 447, 450
aristocracy: and archery, 468-69; Eumaios' innate, 14.48&n1, 140-43; 15.413-14; 453; Melanthios apes, 17.220, 222; 20.180-82; 465. See also honor, code of Arkeisios, father of Laertes, 4.755; 14.182; 16.118; 412; 462
arm; agkon as 'bent', 14.494&n5
armor: Herakles' golden baldric, 11.609-14; for killing of suitors, 22.121-25, 138-202; 432
arms. See armor; bow, contest of; swords; weapons Arneios, beggar. See Iros
Arnold, Matthew, 20
Artakie, Laistrygonian spring, 10.107-8
Artemis, 447; and Ariadne, 11.324-25&n8; bringer of death, 11.172-73, 324-25&n8; 15.478; 20.60-90; 447, (kindly) 5.123-24, 409-11; 18.202; epithet, 'of the golden distaff', 4.122; Nausikaa likened to, 6.102-9, 150-52; 385, 386; and Niobe, 11.265n3; and Pandareus' daughters, 20.71; Penelope and, 17.37&n1; 19.54; 20.60-90; 426; in simile, as huntress, 6.102-4; 447; yardstick of beauty, 17.37&n1; 19.54
Arybas, 15.426
Asopos, river and god, ixmap; 11.260; 447
aspen leaves, in simile, 7.106; 387
Asphalion, 4.216-17
asphodel, 11.539, 573; 24.13; 456, 481
assemblies; of Ithakans, 2.1-259; 376; of dead suitors' kinsmen, 24.419-62; 439
Asteris, islet near Ithake, 4.844-47; 383
Astyanax, son of Hektor, 467
Astyoche, wife of Telephos, 11.521n10
Athene, 447-48; pleads Odysseus' case with Zeus, 1.44-62, 80-95; 375; 482; flies to Ithake, 3; 1.95-103; 375; advises Telemachos to go to Peloponnese, 1.93-323, 404-20; 375; helps prepare for journey, 19; 2.260-95, 382-406, 416-21; 377; in Pylos with Telemachos, 16; 3.1-31, 51-63, 225-38, 330-37, 371-85; 4.653-56; 377, 378, 381; reassures Penelope, 4.751-53, 760-67, 787-841; 382, 383; Zeus agrees to her helping Odysseus and Telemachos, 5.5-28; 383; and Odysseus' journey to Scheria, 6; 5.382-87, 427, 436-37, 491-92; 385; and Odysseus' meeting with Nausikaa, 6, 19; 6.2-3, 13-47; 110-14; 229-35; 381, 385, 386; assists Odysseus on Scheria, 6.321-31; 7.14-81; 8.7-23, 193-200; 13.299-302; 386-87, 388, 389, 405; advises Odysseus on arrival on Ithake, 8-9; 13.187-96, 221-438; 405-6; brings Telemachos home from Sparta, 9; 13.412-27, 439-40; 15.1-43, 292; 406, 409; and Odysseus' reunion with Telemachos, 16.155-77, 207-12; 412-13; support against suitors, 16.233-35, 260-69, 282, 297-98&n2, 454-59; 17.360-64&n3; 18.69-70; 18.155-56; 412-13, 414, 417, 419, 420; prompts Penelope to appear, 18.158-62, 187-97; 420; 447; heartens Odysseus and Telemachos, 18.346-48; 19.33-43; 421, 422; prevents Penelope recognizing Odysseus, 19.476-79; 424; supports Odysseus, 20.30-55, 284-86; 425-26, 427; arouses hysteria among suitors, 20.345-46&n2; 428; and killing of suitors, 22.205-40, 273, 297-98; 24.443-49; 432; and Odysseus' reunion with Penelope, 20; 23.156-63, 240-46, 344-48; 435, 436; and Odysseus' visit to Laertes, 23.371-72; 24