that has enough mass to start nuclear fusion, but at a very slow rate. This type of star usually releases burst of energy instead of a steady output, as some fusion has taken place but not enough fusion to contain the excessive energy or continue a steady fusion reaction.
Cosmologist theories are based on their best 'guess' of what they believe to be true. As the study of the Universe has intensified, some new understanding of how things actually work in the cosmos along with unexplainable findings, has promoted new theories on the composition and formation of the Universe.
Some scientist of today believe that travel in time is a possibility. Light carrying particles (photons), as with most aspects of the Universe, can be manipulated or bent and even slowed to a complete stop by the effects of gravity and super cooled gas, or refracted and distorted (bent) by a type of prism. Some scientist believe that light traveling through space is bent by dark matter (26), a substance that may not even exist to the best of their knowledge because they have never been able to find or measure dark matter, but it is their best guess to explain what they do not understand, that there is a force in the cosmos that influences the matter we can see. 'Dark' is generally a word used by cosmologist for something they do not understand or even know for sure exist, their hypothesis.
Some believe by traveling at or close to the speed of light will slow or even stop time. The truth is; the faster physical matter travels in space, the more separated the molecules become. As a result of this, as an object of mass approaches the speed of light it will increase in volume by an almost infinite amount, stretching the atoms and molecules to their limits, although its mass will stay the same.
Others believe that because light (photons) can be bent by gravity, they can bend the strings of space and travel a shorter distance, thus defeating time. They believe that space is like a fabric that can be bent or folded by using the forces of gravity or manipulating the fabric by some other means. Einstein's "Special Theory of Relativity" suggest the 'space time continuum' can be manipulated by folding (bending) the fabric of space, thus 'shortening' the distance that must be traveled between two points. Einstein (and many others today) believed space and time are interwoven, that time can be manipulated by bending the fabric of space and thus travel back in time, after all the mathematical formulas show that it is possible (not all aspects of the Universe can be represented by a mathematical formula!).
For example if you hold a piece of string (representing the fabric of space) by its ends in each hand at arm’s length, the distance from one end of the string to the other is 'x' amount of inches. But if you bring your hands close together in front of you (by manipulating the string) it is now considerably less distance from one end of the string to the other. But, can you travel in the void that is between the two ends of the string, or do you have to travel on the string its self?
If you travel from point A to point B, you still are traveling from one point to another no matter how fast you get there. For example, if you walk from New York to San Francisco it is much slower than going by airplane, but the airplane does not go back in time just because it will get you there quicker than walking. The airplane may have 'saved' you some travel time, but it has not taken you 'back' in time, or even slowed time.
Probably a more definitive example would be approaching the speed of light. Consider a bullet traveling at fifteen hundred feet per second, fired at a target one mile away and a light beam (photons) projected at the same target. The bullet will arrive at the target a little under four seconds after it is fired. The light beam will arrive at the target in a millisecond (slower than the maximum speed of light because of the resistance in the atmosphere). Even though the light beam arrived at the target close to the speed of light, it neither went forward nor backward in time, it merely arrived at the target much faster than the bullet (no time travel).
Scientist point to the difference between time measured on Earth to that outside our atmosphere. The GPS satellites for instance must be reset every day to match time as measured on Earth. The measurement of time on these satellite's is 'felt' at a different rate because they are further from the gravitational influence and atmosphere created by the planet's physical makeup. The force of gravity coupled with the fact that the satellite is traveling about seven thousand miles per hour, thus either getting further away or closer to the broadcast signal from the ground, means that the clock on the satellite must run at a different speed then the ground clocks.
Scientist believe, that because of this difference between Earth time and time as measured on a satellite, that time travel is possible if we could go fast enough. For example, some think that as matter enters a black hole and exceeds the speed of light (what they believe to be true), time is stopped in the vortex as that matter is consumed by the black hole. Their supposition is, if time can be stopped as in a black hole, we can stop time or travel back in time (photons are a much weaker force than gravitons!).
This is just another 'ah-ha' supposition of these scientist, making what is their best guess. Some cosmologist believe it would be possible to create a worm hole to travel between points in time and space. The belief is that if enough energy and magnetic force is applied to the space time foam, that it would create a worm hole that exist in different times in the Universe or even possibly in other dimensions of the Universe.
True measurement of time is only found in the voids between the galaxies, and even in these voids the force of gravity is felt throughout the whole of the Universe. Time as we measure it on Earth, is just that. It only applies to the planet Earth because of the physical properties of the planet's mass in our solar system and the Milky Way Galaxy, and is not representative of time throughout the Universe. For clarity sake, all the time-lines given in this writing are in Earth time.
No physical particle in the Universe travels faster than light (photons)! Time as measured in space, away from large objects of mass or gravitational influence, is more indicative of the actual elapsed time of the Universe. Time is a constant and cannot be manipulated in any way, or anywhere in the Universe, not even in a black hole! Did time start with the Big Bang, or was there time before the Universe came into existence?
No matter, including a Being, can go forward or backward in time.
There has been much debate of why the void in the Universe has a constant temperature throughout, other than very small variations (
Most cosmologist now say the Universe has not had sufficient time to cool to a universal temperature constant, their explanation is that the initial expansion of the Universe (inflation after the Big Bang) had to be at a very high rate of speed, exceeding even the speed of light. That this rapid expansion would explain how a uniform temperature is in all parts of the Universe, that maybe the laws of physics (as we know them now) did not exist at that crucial moment in time.
The truth is; with the Eternals (dark matter) ubiquitous existence in all the void between and around all physical masses in the 'bubble' that is the Universe, they are what regulate the uniformity of temperature in the Universe, not unlike how your blood regulates the temperature of your body. Inflation is the result of Dark Energy moving the masses out as the bubbles force was relaxed.
It is not only the uniform temperature of the Universe that ha
s scientist baffled, but also the uniformity of the elements and physical properties throughout the Universe. Cosmologist have studied celestial bodies that are physically far removed from each other and have found the same exact elemental makeup. Their only explanation is that these celestial bodies had to be together at some point in time, that they all originated from the same source, the Singularity (27) of the Universe's origins, but how did they get so evenly distributed in such a short period of time?
Cosmologist believe that since new matter cannot be created in the Universe (their best guess), that all matter in the Universe now, had to come from the initial creation of the Universe at the very beginning of time. It is commonly accepted by scientist and cosmologist today that the Big Bang consisted of all known matter presently in the Universe, concentrated into a singular compact point at the beginning of time.
Cosmologist believe that the prelude to the Big Bang was a concentration of all this matter in a sphere the size of a single atom ( Singularity), a concentration so powerful that the intense gravitational force in the core caused this matter to fulminate into the Big