7 “VILLEINS YE ARE”: q. McKisack, 418.
8 “DAYS OF WRATH AND ANGUISH”: Walsingham, q. ibid., 414.
9 “TOKENS OF GRETE VENGAUNCE”: T. Wright, Political Songs, I, 252. WALSINGHAM ON FRENCH RAIDS: q. Barnie, 103. FLORENTINE DIARIST: Paolo Sassetti, q. Brucker, Society, 42.
10 VILLANI, “IT SHOULD BE”: q. Mollat & Wolff, 133–34. 381 BUONACCORSO PITTI: q. Mollat & Wolff, 172.
11 COUCY NEGOTIATES WITH THE REBELS: KL, IX, 447; Luce-F, X, xlv, n. 1; also Chron. de Berne reprinted in KL, notes, X, 456–57; Mirot, Insurrections, 152–55. COUCY’S hotel: Roussel, 24, n. 1, and Hillairet, Dict., entry under “St. Jean-en-Grève.” p. 386 TUCHINS: Chron. €6; Boudet, passim; also Mollat & Wolff, 10–35, 184–85.
12 RIOTERS OF BÉZIERS IN PLOT: Mollat & Wolff.
13ff. FLANDERS CAMPAIGN and BATTLE OF ROOSEBEKE: Chron. Bourbon (the author, Chateaumorand, was a participant) in addition to Chron. C6, I, Chron. 4 Valois, and Froissart in KL, X; also Lot, 451–52, and Hutton.
14 COUCY’S RETINUE IN ARMY FOR FLANDERS: BN, Clairembault 35, pièce 2628, nos. 99 and 100.
15 COUCY PROPOSED AS CONSTABLE FOR THE BATTLE: KL, X, 160–63.
16 COUCY IN THE BATTLE OF ROOSEBEKE: in addition to Chron. Bourbon, Chron. de Berne in KL, X, 477–79. 396 “THE SIRE DE COUCY HAD NOT FEARED”: KL, notes, X, 501.
17 DESCHAMPS, “THEREFORE THE INNOCENT”: q. Coulton, Life, 111, 112.
Chapter 19—The Lure of Italy
The chief contemporary sources for Anjou’s campaign for Naples are Chron. C6, vol. I, and the Journal of Jean le Fèvre. The fullest secondary account is in Valois, vol. II. Additional material from Valeri, 230–31, and on Amadeus of Savoy from Cox, 330–37.
Coucy’s campaign in Italy is fully documented in Durrieu’s “Prise d’Arezzo” (Bibliog. I, B) using the Documenti degli Archivi Toscani … Comune di Firenze, published 1866, and other Italian sources. Lacaille’s thèse adds material on the proceedings of the Florentine Signoria taken from the Chronicle of Naddo da Montecatini, in Delizie degli eruditi Toscani, vol. XVIII, Firenze, 1784. The Chron. de Berne, reprinted in KL, XI, 442–43, and Jean le Fèvre are further sources. As part of Anjou’s venture, Coucy’s campaign is covered also in Valois, II.
1 BOCCACCIO ON NAPLES AND OTHER QUOTATIONS IN THIS PARAGRAPH: Croce, 52.
2 “GORGED WITH BOOTY”: Chron. C6, I, 165.
3 GIOVANNI DI MUSSI (footnote): Herlihy, Pistoia, 3, 266.
4 EFFORTS TO ENGAGE COUCY: Jean le Fèvre, 47–48; Valois, II, 443–45. NORWICH CRUSADE, HIS CHARACTER: DNB. EXTORTIONS: Trevelyan, 268–69. SACRAMENTS WITHHELD: Barnie, 24.
5 CALVELEY, “BY MY FAITH”: q. Barnie, 27.
6 BOURBOURG, “THEIR ANTIQUE NOBILITY”: Chron. C6, I, 281. COUCY’S IMPRESSIVE SHOWING: KL, X, 254; also Johnes ed. of 1805–6, VI, 313. BISHOP OF ROCHESTER: q. Barnie, 28.
7 NEGOTIATIONS WITH DUC DE BAR: Lacaille, thèse, 78.
8 COUCY, MASSES AT ST. MÉDARD: BN, Pièces originales 875, dossier Coucy.
9 COUCY VISITS BERNABÒ: Mesquita, 28.
10 GIAN GALEAZZO, CARRARA’S OPINION: q. Sismondi, V, 76.
11 HIS MOTHER’S WARNING: q. Chamberlin, 74.
12 A STATE PAPER BY SALUTATI: q. Schevill, Florence, 320. “WE MET WITH JOYFUL EMBRACES”: Full texts of the Florentine correspondence concerning Coucy’s campaign are printed in Durrieu, “Arezzo.” The report of the meeting with Coucy and the complaint of his march are from the Signoria’s letter to the King of France of 20 October 1384, which is also given in full (in Latin) in KL, XI, 442–49. p. 409 ANJOU’S WILL: Valois, II, 76–83. DURAZZO’S SERVICES: Chron. C6, 339, n. 3.
13 MESSAGES FROM ANJOU’S FOLLOWERS: Jean le Fèvre, 79.
14 CORRESPONDENCE ON THE PIETRAMALA: Coucy to Florence, 18 November 1384; Signoria to Coucy, 24 November 1384, in Durrieu, “Arezzo,” 180–90.
15 GUILLAUME LE JUPPONNIER: Douet-d’Arcq, I, 59. “HA! FALSE TRAITOR”: q. Collas, 144–45.
16 COUCY IN AVIGNON: KL, X, 323; Lehoux, II, 109, n. 1. BONET: 63, 68, 81, 117–19, 153, 160, 188.
Chapter 20—A Second Norman Conquest
For events and quotations concerning the invasion of England, the Monk of St. Denis (Chron. C6, I) and Froissart (KL, XII) may be generally taken for granted as the original sources, supplemented by Mirot’s “Une tentative” Terrier de Loray’s life of Vienne, and Roncière’s history of the French navy.
1 ISABEAU OF BAVARIA, WITTELSBACHS AND VISCONTIS, STEPHEN OF BAVARIA,
2 MARRIAGE NEGOTIATIONS ET SEQ.: Thibault, 12–42, in addition to the chroniclers.
3 GIAN GALEAZZO’S OUSTER OF BERNABÒ: Sismondi, V, 50; Mesquita, 15–36; Chamberlin, 74–82; Cook, 19. ACTIVITY OF THE DUCHESSE D’ANJOU: Jean le Fèvre, 97; Lehoux, II, 125 ff.
4 CHARLES VI and DEER WITH THE GOLDEN COLLAR: Chron. C6, I, 71.
5 BURGUNDY DOUBLE WEDDING: in addition to the chroniclers, Vaughan, 88; CMH, 374.
6 COUCY ARRIVES IN “GREAT HASTE”: Anselme, 542.
7 ff. EXPEDITION TO SCOTLAND: Chron. C6, I, 351.
8 FRENCH BROUGHT 50 SUITS OF ARMOR: Book of Pluscarden, q. Locke, 84. See also P. Hume Brown, History of Scotland, Cambridge, 1929, I, 191–92. The statement in some of the earlier histories that Coucy was a member of this expedition was based on a misreading of a reference in one ms. of Froissart to a Seigneur de Courcy, corrected by Terrier de Loray, 204, n. 2. (The inconvenient Sire de Courcy causes a further error with regard to Coucy’s second wife—see notes to chap. 25, p. 650.)
9 COUCY’S REMARRIAGE: KL, X, 347; Duchesne, 267–68; Zurlauben, Enguerrand VII, 182.
10 RENOVATION OF THE CASTLE: Broche 340 ff.; Dufour, 50–54; Evans, Art, 166.
11 PERCEVAL, BASTARD OF COUCY: AN, Demay, Coll. Clairembault, Nos. 2841–42; Duchesne, 273.
12 COUCY AT HAPSBURG-BURGUNDY WEDDING: Broche, 135. He is the archivist quoted.
13 ROYAL COUNCIL VOTED UNANIMOUSLY: Chron. C6, I, 420–31.
14 P “YOU ARE THE GREATEST KING LIVING”: Chron. Bourbon, q. Mirot, 429, n. 3. FISHERMEN: ibid., 441.
15 P FRENCH INVASION FLEET: In addition to the sources listed above, material from the Chronique de Tournai and other primary sources is quoted by Palmer, England, France, 77–79.
16 BURGUNDY’S MOTTO: Terrier de Loray, 214. COUCY’S SHIP: Roncière, 89.
17 COUCY’S SEAL: AN, Demay. Coll. Clairembault, I, 2838. HIS RETINUE: KL, XXI, 45.
18 WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR: Cutts, 391. DESCHAMPS, NORMAN CONQUEST: q. Mirot, 455.
19 DUC DE BERRY: Luce, Cents ans, I, 212–27; Wylie, II, 405–32; Dupont & Gnudi, 150–51.
20 HOUNDS FROM SCOTLAND: Jusserand, 125, from Rymer for 3 April 1396.
21 FINED LANGUEDOC: Boudet, 64–65.
22 “SNUB-NOSES”: q. Wylie, II, 399, n. 5.
23 FLEET CAPTAINS’ LIST OF “ITEMS”: text from Chron. de Tournai, q. Vaughan, 50.
24 THIS “USELESS WAR”: Walsingham, q. Barnie, 129.
25 CHARLES vi VISITS COUCY: Broche, 341–43.
26 BAUDET LEFÈVRE: text of the pardon, which recounts the circumstances, in Mangin (Bibliog. I, A), 42, n. 1.
27 COUCY’S VESSEL LOADED AT SOISSONS: Broche, 342.
28 ff. MONTFORT-clisson AFFAIR: Froissart, Berners ed., IV, 440–59; Lefranc, 279, 304–24; Moranvillé, Mercier, 112–13.
29 COUCY’S INSISTENCE ON RESTITUTION: KL, XIII, 84.
30 GUELDERS AFFAIR: Chron. C6, I, 523–25. VASSAL FOR MONEY: Perroy, Hundred Years, 191; GUELDERS’ LETTER TO CHARLES VI: text in Douet-d’Arcq, I, 78.
31 COUCY ARGUES IN COUNCIL: KL. XIII, 84.
32 DEATH OF CHARLES OF NAVARRE: Chron. C6, I, 473, and Froissart.
33 COUCY’S MISSION TO MONTFORT: KL, XIII, 136, 337 ff.
34 KING’S GIFT OF A BIBLE: Lacaille, thèse, 117, from Delisle. FROISSART’S TRIBUTE: Berners ed., V, 163.
Chapter 21—The Fiction Cracks
As before, events and quoted statements not otherwise identified may be presumed to come from Chron. C6
, I, or Froissart.
1 DESCHAMPS, “NOT ON THE GRAND PONT”: Queux ed., I, 156–57.
2 MÉZIÈRES QUOTED: Coopland ed., 524–25.
3 SOFT BEDS AND PERFUMED BATHS: preachers q. in Owst, 412. GERSON: q. Kilgour, 184.
4 SACCHETTI: q. Jacob Burckhardt, Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy, New York, 1960 (paperback ed.), 262. 441 DESCHAMPS ILL ON CAMPAIGN: Raynaud in Deschamps, Queux ed., XI, 296. An excellent analysis of Deschamps’ life, work, and opinions may be found in this long essay by Queux’s editorial successor. Ballads discussed here are in II, 214–26, 226–35. See also Kilgour, 64. p. 442 LOUIS D’ORLÉANS: Chron. C6; Jorga, 505; Collas, 143, 296.
5 CAMAL: Evans in notes to Díaz de Gómez, 153. VERSE: q. Mary Duchaux (Darmesteter), A Short History of France, 1918, 86.
6 BURGUNDY VISITS COUCY: Petit, Itinéraires, 203; Prost, 475.
7 RICHARD DESCRIBED: Vita R. Ricardi II, ed. Hearne, 1729, q. Locke, 110. HANDKERCHIEF: Hutchison, 239.
8 GRAND BOUTEILLER and PRIVILEGE OF TWO FAIRS: Duplessis, notes, 121; Duchesne, 268–69; Lacaille, “Vente,” 574–75; DBF, IX, 873. Text of the King’s grant in Lépinois, 209–11. ON THE OFFICE OF GRAND BOUTEILLER: Lot & Fawtier, 54.
9 COMPLAINT OF 1388: q. Denifle, 594.
10 MARKS OF DECLINE: Denifle, 594; Jusserand, 43–44. The Benedictine abbey was St. Nicolas-aux-Bois, diocese of Laon: Denifle, 706.
11 DON PERO NIÑO AT SERIFONTAINE: Díaz de Gómez, 134–38. The host served as Admiral of France from 1397 to 1405, which places the date of the visit about 1405–6.
12 DESCHAMPS’ BALLAD ON RAUCOUS EVENING: Queux ed., VII, 253. ON BALDNESS: Ballade 867. Obscurities in the language of this ballade were elucidated by Prof. Howard Garey of Yale.
13 BROMYARD ON FOPPERY: q. Owst, 408.
14 DESCHAMPS’ AILMENTS, SINS HE CONDEMNED, COMPLAINT OF COURT LIFE: Raynaud in Deschamps, Queux ed., XI, 296–97, 303–5.
15 COUCY SENDS MESSAGE TO PHILIPPA: Green, 227, from Rymer. NAMED CAPTAIN OF GUIENNE: KL, XIV, 25.
16 MARCIAL LE VÉRIT: from text of pardon in Douet-d’Arcq. NOTTINGHAM’S CHALLENGE: text in KL, notes, XIV, 398–99.
17 BOUCICAUT AT Roosebeke: KL, notes, X, 481.
18 COUCY PROPOSED FROISSART FOR CANONRY AT LILLE: Shears, 55–56. VERSE ON COUCY AS PATRON: KL, la, 345. The meaning of rouge eseaille was suggested in consultation by Profs. Howard Garey and Harry Miskimin of Yale.
19 COUCY OWNED OLDEST FROISSART MS.: KL, notes, lb, 224. This copy passed from Coucy’s great-granddaughter Jeanne de Bar to the royal library when Louis XI confiscated the books of her husband, Louis of Luxemburg. Listed as ms. II 88 in the Royal Library of Brussels (and as #6941 in the Catalogue des Mss. by Van den Gheyn), the copy has the Coucy coat-of-arms on fo. 16 r.
20 PETRARCH’S COMPLAINT: Correspondence, 28.
21 BOOKS GIVEN TO COUCY: Lacaille, thèse, 117, from Delisle, Cat. de la librairie du Louvre, III, nos. 19, 1160.
22 VALENTINA VISCONTI: Chamberlin, 89–91, 109–12; Collas, 48 ORLÉANS HOUSEHOLD: Lacroix, 74–75.
23 QUEEN’S ENTRY: Both Froissart and the Monk of St. Denis were eyewitnesses.
24 BURGUNDY’S CLOTHES: Vaughan, 43. ON THE “BED OF JUSTICE”: Bapst.
Chapter 22—The Siege of Barbary
1 TREASURY OFFICIALS, “HE HAS HAD TOO MUCH”: Chron. C6, I, 609.
2 CHARLES vi IN AVIGNON: Froissart; Chron. C6, I; Valois, II, 152–54.
3 Cent Ballades: Pannier, passim; Raynaud, xxxvi–xlix, li–v, lxiv–viii, 226–27.
4 BASTARD OF COUCY: La Chesnaye-Desbois.
5 KING’S TOUR OF LANGUEDOC and Bétizac AFFAIR: Chron. C6, I; Chron. Bourbon; Froissart; Coville, 304–5.
6 GENOESE AMBASSADORS: Chron. C6, I, 653; Mirot, “Politique” 10.
7 FRESCO IN THE CLOISTER OF CARMES: Vaissète, IV, 396; Sabine Coron-Lesur, unpublished dissertation on the Couvent des Grands Carmes de Toulouse, 140–43, supplied through the kindness of Prof. Philippe Wolff of Toulouse. A copy of the fresco, generally known as “The Vow of Charles VI,” exists as an engraving in the Musée Paul Dupuy in Toulouse, and is reproduced in Vaissète, IV, plate XX-C, in G. Lafaille, Annales de la ville de Toulouse, 1687, I, 143, and in a number of later volumes. Lacking differentiation of faces, it is of little interest.
8 ff. SPANISH MISSION: That Coucy could have gone to Spain in the course of the tour of Languedoc is unlikely but not impossible. The documents show him to have been with the King at Toulouse for the founding of the Ordre de l’Espérance on an unknown date in December, and again (or still) there on January 5 when his signature was added to the King’s treaty with the Count of Foix (Vaissète, ed. of 1885, IX, 938–51, X, notes, 125–29; Lacaille, thèse, 127–28). He reappeared at Avignon on January 28 to testify in the Processus of Pierre de Luxemburg. This allows two intervals—one of unknown length in December and one of 23 days in January—when he might have gone to Barcelona and back, although the time element is very tight. No evidence exists to support Froissart’s version of his role in the Anjou-Aragon marriage. According to R. Oliver Bertrand, Bodas Reales entre Francia y la Corona de Aragon, Barcelona, 1947, 203, a marriage contract was concluded and a dispensation from Clement VII obtained in 1390, but the contract itself was not found. Researches by Richard Famiglietti at the BN and AN and in the published French and Spanish sources, and a search of the documents in the Archivo de la Corona de Aragon at Barcelona (commissioned through the kindness of Prof. J. N. Hillgarth) found no evidence of a journey by Coucy in connection with the Anjou-Aragon marriage.
9 PIERRE DE LUXEMBURG: Baring-Gould, Lives of the Saints, VII, 85–88; Jorga, 460–62; Valois, II, 300, 362–66; Huizinga, Waning, 179–80. Testimony in the Processus for canonization occupies 133 double-column folio pages in Acta Sanctorum, Paris, 1863–1940, vol. XXVIII, in which Coucy’s testimony appears on pp. 464–65, 468, 472, 476, 488.
10 THE ROYAL VISIT TO DIJON: Petit, Entrée, passim; KL, la, 556.
11 “FOR THE SOUL’S SALVATION”: q. Cartellieri, 29.
12 COUCY’S FOUNDATION OF CÉLESTIN MONASTERY: Roussel, 19–24.
13 FOIX’S “BOOK OF PRAYERS”: Pierre Tucoo-Chala, Gaston Febus, Pau, 1976, 103.
14 P COUCY’S CHARTER: BN, Fonds Latins, 5149, published in Roussel, 193–96, and (in part) in Duplessis, 158–59.
15 ff. THE ENTERPRISE AGAINST BARBARY: Chron. Bourbon, 218–57, is the chief primary source, taking precedence in this episode over Froissart (KL, XIV) and Chron. C6, I, 650–57 et seq. Secondary accounts: Delaville le Roux, 166–200; Mirot, “Politique”; Atiya, Crusade in Later Middle Ages.
16 BONET ON WAR AGAINST UNBELIEVERS: 126–27.
17 STRATEGY OF ABOU-’L-ABBAS: Ibn-Khaldoun, 118–19.
18 COUCY DISAPPROVES THE CHALLENGE: Chron. Bourbon, 233.
19 CHARLES VI VISITS COUCY: Jarry, “Voie de Fait,” 224.
Chapter 23—In a Dark Wood
1 “WE CAN ENVISION NOTHING FINER”: KL, XIV, 280–81. On the Voie de Fait in general, Froissart and Chron. C6, I, continue to be the narrative sources. Valois, II, and Mirot, “Politique,” are modern accounts.
2 JEAN GERSON: Morrall, passim. ON JOAN OF ARC: CMH, 810.
3 PETRARCH ON THE SCHOLASTICS: Correspondence, 222–23.
4 ff. GERSON’S OPINIONS: Copleston, 278; Thorndike, IV, 108, 114, 128. ON CURRICULUM FOR SCHOOLS: Gabriel, ON CHILDREN’S SEXUAL HABITS: Ariès, 106–7.
5 CONTROVERSY OVER Roman de la Rose: Bédier & Lazard, 98–99.
6 GERSON, “INTO THE FIRE”; KL, la, 221, n. 1.
7 JEAN DE MONTREUIL AND PIERRE COL: Huizinga, Waning, 113–15, 308–9.
8 BONIFACE, SALE OF BENEFICES: Creighton, I 16–17. CLEMENT PAWNS TIARA: Coville, 314–15.
9 WENCESLAS IV: Lindner, II, 170–77; Kamil Krofta, “Bohemia in the 14th Century,” chap. 6 in CMH; Jules Zeller, Les Empereurs du XIVe siècle, Paris, 1890, 450–52.
10 DRUNKENNESS IN GERMANY: Lindner, II, 174. POGROM OF PRAGUE: Baron, IX, 160 ff., 202, 318.
&nbs
p; 11 CONTROVERSY OVER THE IMMACULATE CONCEPTION: Michelet, ed. of 1840, IV, 57; Creighton, 112.
12 BERNARDINO OF SIENA: q. G. G. Coulton, Inquisition and Liberty, London, 1938, 45. WALSINGHAM ON UNBELIEF: q. Jusserand, 224.
13 CLAMANGES AND GERSON ON IRREVERENCE: q. M. Mollat, Vie, 65.
14 BRETHREN OF THE COMMON LIFE: Hyma, passim; Southern, 331–52.
15 GROOTE AND THOMAS A KEMPIS: ibid.
16 Imitation of Christ ASCRIBED TO GERSON: Coville, 416–17. GERSON’S SERMON: Valois, II, 395.
17 CLEMENT PREPARES FOR ROME: Coville, 302.
18 THOMAS OF GLOUCESTER: KL, XIV, 314–15, 384; XV, 165, 240.
19 GUY DE BLOIS: KL, XIV, 370; Barante, II, 36–38.
20 COUCY’S ROLE: Jarry, Orléans, 85; Lacaille, thèse, 138; KL, XVI, 71.
21 PRECAUTIONS TAKEN AT AMIENS: KL, XIV.
22 COUCY AND PHILIPPA: ibid., 378. BURGUNDY’S CLOTHES: Barante, II, 39.
Chapter 24—Danse Macabre
1 ff. THE CRAON-CLISSON AFFAIR: Chron. C6, II, 3 ff., and KL, XIV, 316–20, are the basic narrative sources. They are combined in a lively account by Barante, II, 46–55. Modern accounts in Coville, 305; CMH, 372; Lefranc, 340–56. Admiral de Vienne’s conduct: Lefranc, 356. On Craon personally, see DBF and Bio. Index in KL.
2 CRAON’S ASSASSINATION OF A KNIGHT OF LAON: KL, notes, XV, 362. 495 SECRET CORRESPONDENCE OF THE UNCLES WITH DUKE OF BRITTANY: Sismondi, Histoire des Français, Paris, 1828, II, 597.
3 ff. CAMPAIGN AGAINST BRITTANY and THE KING’S MADNESS AT LE MANS: Chron.
4C6, II, 19–25; KL, XV, 40–49; Barante, II, 59–81; Moranvillé, 89, 124–26, 149.
5 GUILLAUME DE HARSIGNY: Edouard Fleury, Antiquités et monuments du département de l’Aisne, Paris, 1882, 242–43. Also Mâle.
6 COUCY IN RIVIERE’S ARREST: KL, XV, 63–64, and notes, 365; Lefranc, 367. RECEIVES MERCIER’S PROPERTY: KL, XV, 67; Moranvillé, 158, 161, 163.
7 BURGUNDY AND CLISSON: Lefranc, 365–67. COUCY REFUSES CONSTABLESHIP: KL, XV, 97.
8 COUCY ESCORTS KING TO LIESSE: Lacaille, thèse, 142; DBF, IX, 873. HARSIGNY’S EFFIGY: now in the museum at Laon. The inscription reads “Deo et Nature reddo Simplicia. Acta compositi sint Deo Grata.” Allowing for ambiguities of language, the translation could be: “I give back to God and nature my [bodily] elements. May the deeds of the whole [man] be pleasing to God.”