“nervous irritability”: E. D. Townsend, Anecdotes of the Civil War in the United States (New York: D. Appleton & Co., 1884), p. 136.
his asthma…consent to seek rest: Benjamin, “Recollections of Secretary Edwin M. Stanton,” Century (1887), pp. 759–60.
he enjoyed reading…attitude to the war: Ibid., p. 766; Johnson, “Reminiscences of the Hon. Edwin M. Stanton,” RCHS (1910), p. 80 (quote).
Stanton refused to bring…remained at his post: Wolcott, “Edwin M. Stanton,” p. 161; Thomas and Hyman, Stanton, pp. 165–66.
“would rather make”…ask Stanton for a favor: JH to JGN, November 25, 1863, quoted in Hay, At Lincoln’s Side, p. 69.
Even when Stanton’s own son…an official appointment: Johnson, “Reminiscences of the Hon. Edwin M. Stanton,” RCHS (1910), p. 92.
rarely returned to Steubenville…for the funeral in Ohio: NYT, April 14, 1863; Wolcott, “Edwin M. Stanton,” p. 130a.
Pamphila’s conviction…died from overwork: Wolcott, “Edwin M. Stanton,” p. 159.
the War Department utilize the services…“to Mr. Capen”: AL, “Memorandum Concerning Francis L. Capen’s Weather Forecasts,” April 28, 1863, in CW, VI, pp. 190–91.
warring factions in Missouri…“hold of the case”: AL to Henry T. Blow, Charles D. Drake and Others, May 15, 1863, in ibid., p. 218.
hastily written note to General Franz Sigel…“keep it up”: AL to Franz Sigel, February 5, 1863, in ibid., p. 93.
The story is told: AL, quoted in Pinsker, Lincoln’s Sanctuary, pp. 52–53.
Carl Schurz laid the blame…“We parted as better friends than ever”: Schurz, Reminiscences, Vol. II, pp. 393–96.
excursion to Falmouth: Noah Brooks, “A Boy in the White House,” St. Nicholas: An Illustrated Magazine for Young Folks 10 (November 1882), p. 62; Brooks, Mr. Lincoln’s Washington, pp. 147–64.
“one of the purest…in the world”: Anson G. Henry to his wife, April 12, 1863, transcribed in “Another Hooker Letter,” Abraham Lincoln Quarterly 2 (March 1942), pp. 10–11.
Bates agreed…spring battles began: Entry for April 4, 1863, in The Diary of Edward Bates, 1859–1866, p. 288.
weather conditions: Sun, Baltimore, Md., April 6, 1863; entry for April 4, 1863, in The Diary of Edward Bates, 1859–1866, p. 287; Brooks, Mr. Lincoln’s Washington, p. 51.
the steamer Carrie Martin…of George Washington: Seward, Reminiscences of a War-Time Statesman and Diplomat, p. 185; Noah Brooks, Washington, D.C., in Lincoln’s Time, ed. Herbert Mitgang (Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1971; Athens, Ga., and London: University of Georgia Press, 1989), p. 51.
the escalating storm…to the dinner menu: Brooks, “A Boy in the White House,” St. Nicholas (1882), p. 62.
“the chief magistrate…firing a shot”: Brooks, Mr. Lincoln’s Washington, pp. 148–49.
“at its height”…a special train: Sun, Baltimore, Md., April 7, 1863 (quote); Brooks, Mr. Lincoln’s Washington, p. 149.
“snow piled in huge…over the hills”: NYH, April 10, 1863 (quotes); Brooks, Washington, D.C. in Lincoln’s Time, p. 52.
Hooker’s headquarters…133,000 soldiers: Brooks, Mr. Lincoln’s Washington, pp. 150–51; Shelby Foote, The Civil War: A Narrative. Vol. II: Fredericksburg to Meridian (New York: Random House, 1963: New York: Vintage Books, 1986), p. 235.
General Hooker and his accommodations: Entry for April 27, 1863, Fanny Seward diary, Seward Papers; NYH, April 10, 1863; Brooks, Mr. Lincoln’s Washington, p. 150.
“I believe you to be…give us victories”: AL to Joseph Hooker, January 26, 1863, in CW, VI, pp. 78–79.
was so moved by…printed in gold letters: Anson G. Henry to his wife, April 12, 1863, transcribed in “Another Hooker Letter,” ALQ 2 (1942), p. 11.
“That is just such…man who wrote it”: Joseph Hooker, quoted in Brooks, Washington, D.C. in Lincoln’s Time, p. 57.
Mary’s curiosity…“pleasant to her”: NYH, April 10, 1863 (quote); Star, April 7, 1863; Brooks, Mr. Lincoln’s Washington, p. 150.
reported badinage between…“‘sort of rebel’”: Brooks, Washington, D.C. in Lincoln’s Time, p. 59.
Stormy weather…“shafts of wit”: Brooks, Mr. Lincoln’s Washington, p. 150; NYH, April 10, 1863 (quote).
The roar of artillery…“among them”: Brooks, Washington, D.C., in Lincoln’s Time, p. 53; NYH, April 11, 1863; Brooks, Mr. Lincoln’s Washington, p. 153 (quote).
his gray cloak…faithfully by his side: Brooks, “A Boy in the White House,” St. Nicholas (1882), p. 62.
“And thereby hangs…folds of the banners”: NYH, April 11, 1863.
At the review of the infantry…“far away”: Brooks, Mr. Lincoln’s Washington, pp. 154, 158–59 (quote).
he extended his visit: Ibid., p. 161.
“the former stood…turn their backs”: NYH, April 10, 1863.
rebel camps across the river…stars and bars: Brooks, Mr. Lincoln’s Washington, pp. 155–56.
Union pickets…“belonging to friendly armies”: Seward, Seward at Washington…1861–1872, p. 162 (first quote); NYH, April 10, 1863 (last quote).
a Confederate officer…“politely and retired”: Brooks, Mr. Lincoln’s Washington, p. 156.
“It was a saddening…should arrive”: Ibid., pp. 153–54.
issued one final directive…all your men”: AL, quoted in Couch, “Sumner’s ‘Right Grand Division,’” in Battles and Leaders of the Civil War, Vol. III, Pt. I, p. 120.
boarded the Carrie Martin…“flags displayed”: NYH, April 12, 1863.
were defending James S. Pleasants…“very bitter”: EBL to SPL, April 16, 1863, in Wartime Washington, ed. Laas, p. 259 (quotes); Court-martial file of James Snowden Pleasants, file MM-15, entry 15, RG 153, DNA; Sun, Baltimore, Md., April 9, 1863.
sent the Peterhoff…to the Navy Department: Van Deusen, William Henry Seward, pp. 350–51; Monaghan, Diplomat in Carpet Slippers, pp. 303–04.
led to rumors of…“from the real question”: Entries for April 23–28, 1863, Welles diary, Vol. I (1960 edn.), pp. 285–87 (quotes p. 287).
Montgomery Blair also sided…“in the Cabinet”: Entry for April 17, 1863, ibid., pp. 274–75 (quote p. 275).
“I feel that…my present position”: SPC to AL, March 2, 1863, Lincoln Papers.
This squabble was provoked…“my resignation”: SPC to AL, May 11, 1863, Lincoln Papers.
“Chase’s feelings were hurt”: AL to Anson G. Henry, May 13, 1863, in CW, VI, p. 215.
he called at Chase’s…“I finally succeeded”: Field, Memories of Many Men, p. 303.
$45 million in bonds…“as do ours”: NYT, May 3, 1863.
he placed his prickly secretary’s third resignation: Riddle, Recollections of War Times, p. 273.
Blair, meanwhile, resented Chase…“private counsellor”: Entry for May 10, 1863, in The Diary of Edward Bates, 1859–1866, pp. 290–91.
the Battle of Chancellorsville: See Stephen W. Sears, Chancellorsville (Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1996); Stanley S. McGowen, “Chancellorsville, Battle of,” in Encyclopedia of the American Civil War, ed. Heidler and Heidler, pp. 394–98; Foote, The Civil War, Vol. II, p. 263.
“We have been…definite information”: JGN to TB, May 4, 1863, container 2, Nicolay Papers.
Welles joined Lincoln: Entry of May 4, 1863, Welles diary, Vol. I (1960 edn.), p. 291.
Bates was particularly tense…“dangerous service”: Entry for May 5, 1863, in The Diary of Edward Bates, 1859–1866, p. 289.
Lincoln admitted…what was going on: EBL to SPL, May 4, 1863, in Wartime Washington, ed. Laas, p. 264.
“no reliable…does not express them”: Entry for May 5, 1863, Welles diary, Vol. I (1960 edn.), pp. 292–93.
“While I am anxious…or discomfort”: AL to Joseph Hooker, April 28, 1863, in CW, VI, pp. 189–90.
“God bless you…with despatches”: AL to Joseph Hooker, 9:40 a.m. telegram, May 6, 1863, in ibid., p. 199.
an unwelcome telegram…the order to retreat: J
oseph Hooker to AL, May 6, 1863, Lincoln Papers; Sears, Chancellorsville, p. 492; Darius N. Couch, “The Chancellorsville Campaign,” in Battles and Leaders of the Civil War, Vol. III, Pt. I, pp. 164 (first quote), 167, 169–71 (second and third quotes p. 171).
“I shall never forget…of despair”: Brooks, Washington, D.C., in Lincoln’s Time, p. 60.
“Had a thunderbolt…would again commence”: Brooks, Mr. Lincoln’s Washington, p. 179.
“ashen” face…“‘will the country say!’”: Brooks, Washington, D.C., in Lincoln’s Time, p. 61.
The president informed Senator Sumner…“I know not where”: Entry for May 6, 1863, Welles diary, Vol. I (1960 edn.), pp. 293–94.
“This is the darkest day of the war”: JH paraphrasing EMS, quoted in Lincoln’s Third Secretary: The Memoirs of William O. Stoddard, ed. William O. Stoddard, Jr. (New York: Exposition Press, 1955), p. 173.
At the Willard…bound for Hooker’s headquarters: Brooks, Mr. Lincoln’s Washington, p. 180.
“All accounts agree…back into the fray”: NYT, May 12, 1863.
casualties at Chancellorsville: McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom, p. 645; Sears, Chancellorsville, pp. 492, 501.
death of Stonewall Jackson: James I. Robertson, Jr., “Jackson, Thomas Jonathan,” in Encyclopedia of the American Civil War, ed. Heidler and Heidler, p. 1065.
“Since the death…death of Jackson”: Richmond Whig, May 12, 1863.
“If possible”…ready to assist Hooker: AL to Joseph Hooker, May 7, 1863, in CW, VI, p. 201.
CHAPTER 20: “THE TYCOON IS IN FINE WHACK”
General Orders No. 38…tried by a military court: “General Orders, No. 38,” Department of the Ohio, April 13, 1863, in OR, Ser. 1, Vol. XXIII, Part II, p. 237.
“hurl King Lincoln from his throne”: Clement L. Vallandigham speech, May 1, 1863, quoted in Fletcher Pratt, Stanton: Lincoln’s Secretary of War (New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1953), p. 289.
“The door resisted”…a side entrance: Cincinnati Commercial, quoted in Star, May 9, 1863.
found him guilty…habeas corpus was denied: Trial of Clement L. Vallandigham, enclosure in Ambrose E. Burnside to Henry W. Halleck, May 18, 1863, and General Orders, No. 68, Headquarters, Department of the Ohio, May 16, 1863, OR, Ser. 2, Vol. V, pp. 633–46; McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom, p. 597.
the Chicago Times…the paper down: Entry for June 3, 1863, in Browning, The Diary of Orville Hickman Browning, Vol. I, p. 632.
While he later admitted…uphold Burnside: McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom, p. 597; entry for June 3, 1863, Welles diary, Vol. I (1960 edn.), p. 321.
Thurlow Weed deplored the arrest: TW to John Bigelow, June 27, 1863, in John Bigelow, Retrospective of an Active Life. Vol. II: 1863–1865 (New York: Baker & Taylor Co., 1909), p. 23.
Senator Trumbull…“government overthrown”: Entry for May 17, 1863, in Browning, The Diary of Orville Hickman Browning, Vol. I, p. 630.
“by a large and honest”…the loyal states: Nathaniel P. Tallmadge to WHS, May 24, 1863, Lincoln Papers.
Lincoln, searching…Confederate lines: Charles F. Howlett, “Vallandigham, Clement Laird,” in Encyclopedia of the American Civil War, ed. Heidler and Heidler, p. 2012.
his Copperhead body…“where his heart already was”: Schuyler Colfax to AL, June 13, 1863, Lincoln Papers.
“general satisfaction…power for evil”: NYT, May 21, 1863.
Vallandigham was removed…escaped to Canada: McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom, p. 597.
Stanton revoked…to suppress newspapers: EMS to Ambrose E. Burnside, June 1, 1863, in OR, Ser. 2, Vol. V, p. 724; General Orders, No. 91, Headquarters, Department of the Ohio, June 4, 1863, OR, Ser. 1, Vol. XXIII, Part II, p. 386.
“suppress the…of its citizens”: Carpenter, Six Months at the White House, pp. 156–57.
Upon hearing…opposed his action: Ambrose E. Burnside to AL, May 29, 1863, Lincoln Papers.
Lincoln not only refused…“through with it”: AL to Ambrose E. Burnside, May 29, 1863, in CW, VI, p. 237.
“Often an idea…from every side”: James F. Wilson recollections, quoted in Carl Sandburg, Abraham Lincoln: The War Years, Vol. II (New York: Harcourt, Brace & Co., 1936; 1939), p. 308.
“It has vigor and ability”: Entry of June 5, 1863, Welles diary, Vol. I (1960 edn.), p. 323.
“we are Struggling…in Rhetoric”: MB to AL, June 6, 1863, Lincoln Papers.
The finished letter…“if he shall desert”: AL to Erastus Corning and Others, [June 12,] 1863, in CW, VI, pp. 260–69 (quotes pp. 264, 266–67).
“It is full…and conclusive”: NYT, June 15, 1863.
Edward Everett…“the step complete”: Edward Everett to AL, June 16, 1863, Lincoln Papers.
“It is a grand document…every citizen”: “The President’s Letter,” June 15, 1863, in William O. Stoddard, Dispatches from Lincoln’s White House: The Anonymous Civil War Journalism of Presidential Secretary William O. Stoddard, ed. Michael Burlingame (Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press, 2002), p. 160.
Printed in a great variety…10 million people: Donald, Lincoln, pp. 443–44.
Welles noted…“assistant is present”: Entry for June 2, 1863, Welles diary, Vol. I (1960 edn.), pp. 319–20 (quote p. 320).
Blair, frustrated…word with Lincoln: Hendrick, Lincoln’s War Cabinet, p. 387; entry for May 12, 1863, in The Diary of Edward Bates, 1859–1866, p. 292.
“At such a time…interchange of views”: Entry for June 30, 1863, Welles diary, Vol. I (1960 edn.), p. 351.
“There is now…consent of the members”: Entry for May 16, 1863, in The Diary of Edward Bates, 1859–1866, pp. 292–93.
“But how idle…furnish the means”: SPC to David Dudley Field, June 30, 1863, reel 27, Chase Papers.
If he were president…“of importance”: SPC to James A. Garfield, May 31, 1863, reel 12, Papers of James A. Garfield, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress [hereafter Garfield Papers, DLC].
Blair decried…of Seward and Stanton: Entry for June 23, 1863, Welles diary, Vol. I (1960 edn.), p. 340.
Lincoln’s unwillingness…restore McClellan: Entry for June 26, 1863, ibid., p. 345.
In Blair’s mind…“throat if he could”: “19 July 1863, Sunday,” in Hay, Inside Lincoln’s White House, p. 65.
Blair’s hatred for Stanton…military information: Entry for June 30, 1863, Welles diary, Vol. I (1960 edn.), p. 352.
“Strange, strange…Stanton and Seward”: Entry for June 15, 1863, ibid., p. 329.
Recognizing Blair’s desire…to get through: For a description of Blair’s innovations with the postal service, see chapter 31 of Smith, The Francis Preston Blair Family in Politics, Vol. II, pp. 90–111.
catch up with his “Neptune”…telegraph office: Entry for July 14, 1863, Welles diary, Vol. I (1960 edn.), p. 370.
When he felt compelled…“admirable success”: AL to GW, July 25, 1863, in CW, VI, p. 349.
A particularly bitter…“be very mad”: AL, quoted in entry for May 26, 1863, Welles diary, Vol. I (1960 edn.), p. 313.
the humorist Orpheus Kerr…“as regards myself”: Entry for June 17, 1863, ibid., p. 333.
William Rosecrans…“to do hastily”: AL to William S. Rosecrans, May 20, 1863, in CW, VI, p. 224.
felt compelled to remove General Samuel Curtis…“faithful, and patriotic”: AL to Samuel R. Curtis, June 8, 1863, in ibid., p. 253.
a note from Governor Gamble…“grossly offensive”: Hamilton R. Gamble to AL, July 13, 1863, Lincoln Papers.
was told “to put it away”: “23 July 1863, Thursday,” in Hay, Inside Lincoln’s White House, p. 66.
“trying to preserve…should offend you”: AL to Hamilton R. Gamble, July 23, 1863, Lincoln Papers.
Milroy railed about “the…hatred” of Halleck: Robert H. Milroy to AL, June 28, 1863, Lincoln Papers. See also Robert H. Milroy to John P. Usher, June 28, 1863, Lincoln Papers.
“I have scarcely seen…you have split”: AL to Robert H. Milroy
, June 29, 1863, in CW, VI, p. 308.
“Truth to speak…so, ranks you”: AL to William S. Rosecrans, March 17, 1863, in ibid., p. 139.
Grant had advanced…settled into a siege: Stanley S. McGowen, “Vicksburg Campaign (May–July 1863),” in Encyclopedia of the American Civil War, ed. Heidler and Heidler, pp. 2021–25.
“Whether Gen. Grant…brilliant in the world”: AL to Isaac N. Arnold, May 26, 1863, in CW, VI, p. 230.
Stanton had sent Charles Dana…long, detailed dispatches: Bruce Catton, Grant Moves South. Vol. I: 1861–1863 (Boston: Little, Brown, 1960; 1988), pp. 388–89; Thomas and Hyman, Stanton, p. 267.
Requesting that General Banks…“should prefer that course”: Charles A. Dana to EMS, May 26, 1863, reel 5, Stanton Papers, DLC.
In a misguided effort…other valuables behind: “General Orders, No. 11,” Department of the Tennessee, December 17, 1862, in OR, Ser. 1, Vol. XVII, Part II, p. 424. See also USG to Christopher P. Wolcott, December 17, 1862, in ibid., pp. 421–22; D. Wolff & Bros, C. F. Kaskell, and J. W. Kaswell to AL, December 29, 1862, in ibid., p. 506; Bertram Wallace Korn, American Jewry and the Civil War (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1951), pp. 122–23.
a delegation of Jewish leaders…“have at once”: Leaders quoted in Korn, American Jewry and the Civil War, pp. 124–25.
wrote a note to Halleck: Ibid., p. 125.
after assuring Grant…“necessary to revoke it”: Henry W. Halleck to USG, January 21, 1863, in OR, Ser. 1, Vol. XXIV, Part I, p. 9 (quote); Henry W. Halleck to USG, January 4, 1863, in OR, Ser. 1, Vol. XVII, Part II, p. 530; Circular, 13th Army Corps, Department of the Tennessee, January 7, 1863, in ibid., p. 544.
Elizabeth Blair heard…“all the time”: EBL to SPL, May 8, 1863, in Wartime Washington, ed. Laas, p. 266.
Bates was told…“bloated” appearance: Entry for May 23, 1863, in The Diary of Edward Bates, 1859–1866, p. 293.
In Grant’s case…“idiotically drunk”: Murat Halstead to SPC, April 1, 1863, Lincoln Papers.
After dispatching investigators to look into: Catton, Grant Moves South, Vol. I, pp. 388–89; Jean Edward Smith, Grant (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001), p. 231.