Seward…“Secretary of War as this”: WHS, quoted in ibid., p. 221.
crowd erupted…“loud and lusty” cheers: NR, April 3, 1865.
“beaming” Stanton…“The Star Spangled Banner”: NYTrib, April 4, 1865.
“The demand seemed…press to supply”: Star, April 3, 1865.
One hundred Herald… section of the city: NYH, April 4, 1865.
EXTRA!…first to enter the city: NR, April 3, 1865.
eight hundred guns, fired at Stanton’s order: Brooks, Mr. Lincoln’s Washington, p. 431.
dinner at Stanton’s house: Thomas and Hyman, Stanton, p. 353.
“if there were to be…of the danger”: James Speed to Joseph H. Barrett, 1885 September 16, Lincoln Collection, Lincoln Miscellaneous Manuscripts, Box 9, Folder 66, Special Collections, Research Center, University of Chicago Library.
tried to keep Lincoln…“the same condition”: EMS to AL, April 3, 1865, Lincoln Papers.
Lincoln was already…Richmond the next day: AL to EMS, April 3, 1865, CW, VIII, p. 385.
At 8 a.m…. historic journey to Richmond: Barnes, “With Lincoln from Washington to Richmond in 1865,” Part II, Appleton’s (1907), p. 746.
channel approaching…“and touched them”: Through Five Administrations, ed. Gerry, pp. 51–52.
“Here we were…well to be humble”: AL, quoted in Porter, Incidents and Anecdotes of the Civil War, pp. 294–95.
Lincoln was surrounded…“hereafter enjoy”: Ibid., p. 295.
men stood up…“and from the water-side”: Ibid., pp. 296–97.
crowd trailed Lincoln…easily visible: Ibid., p. 299.
“walking with his usual…in everything”: Thomas Thatcher Graves, “The Occupation,” Part II of “The Fall of Richmond,” in Battles and Leaders of the Civil War, Vol. IV, Pt. II, p. 727 (quote); Porter, Incidents and Anecdotes of the Civil War, p. 299; Through Five Administrations, ed. Gerry, p. 53.
Lincoln’s bodyguard…along the route: Through Five Administrations, ed. Gerry, p. 54.
occupied the stucco mansion…glass of water: Barnes, “With Lincoln from Washington to Richmond in 1865,” Part II, Appleton’s (1907), pp. 748–49.
bottle of whiskey…“condition for the Yankees”: Through Five Administrations, ed. Gerry, p. 55.
toured the mansion…“interested in everything”: Graves, “The Occupation,” in Battles and Leaders of the Civil War, Vol. IV, Pt. II, p. 728.
met with the members…troops from the war: J. G. Randall and Richard N. Current, Lincoln the President: The Last Full Measure, originally published as Vol. 4 of Lincoln the President (New York: Dodd, Mead, 1955; Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1991), pp. 353–56; AL to Godfrey Weitzel, April 6, 1865, CW, VIII, p. 389.
Confederate statehouse…greatly relieved: Porter, Incidents and Anecdotes of the Civil War, pp. 302–03.
“nothing short of miraculous…go in peace”: Through Five Administrations, ed. Gerry, p. 54.
all the public buildings…“one blaze of glory”: Brooks, Mr. Lincoln’s Washington, p. 434.
“the entire population…of lighted candles”: NR, April 5, 1865.
he told Welles…“schemes are his apology”: Entry for April 5, 1865, Welles diary, Vol. II, p. 275.
Fanny and her friend…horses bolted: Seward, Seward at Washington…1861–1872, p. 270 (quote); entry for April 5, 1865, in Johnson, “Sensitivity and Civil War,” p. 867; NR, April 6, 1865.
“swinging the driver…a cat by the tail”: NR, April 6, 1865.
Fred and Seward jumped…consciousness: Seward, Seward at Washington…1861–1872, p. 270 (quote); entry for April 5, 1865, in Johnson, “Sensitivity and Civil War,” pp. 867–68; Verdi, “The Assassination of the Sewards,” The Republic (1873), p. 290.
“The horses tore”…his broken body: Entry for April 5, 1865, in Johnson, “Sensitivity and Civil War,” pp. 867–68.
“blood streaming from his mouth”: Verdi, “The Assassination of the Sewards,” The Republic (1873), p. 290.
delirious with pain…his side for hours: Entry for April 5, 1865, in Johnson, “Sensitivity and Civil War,” pp. 868, 869.
Stanton sent…“presence here is needed”: EMS to AL, April 5, 1865, Lincoln Papers.
Lincoln advised Grant…return to Washington: AL to USG, April 6, 1865, CW, VIII, p. 388.
Mary and her invited…“arrive at City Point”: MTL to EMS, April 6, 1865, in Turner and Turner, Mary Todd Lincoln, p. 214 (quote); Foote, The Civil War, Vol. III, p. 903; Keckley, Behind the Scenes, p. 163.
Stanton informed…“remaining at City Point”: EMS to MTL, April 6, 1865, Lincoln Papers.
he sent word…“clear and spirits good”: EMS to AL, April 6, 1865, Lincoln Papers.
Mary’s party arrived…bulletins, all positive: Chambrun, “Personal Recollections of Mr. Lincoln,” Scribner’s (1893), p. 27.
“His whole appearance…had been attained”: James Harlan, quoted in Foote, The Civil War, Vol. III, P874 p. 903.
“it was impossible…much less of vanity”: Chambrun, “Personal Recollections of Mr. Lincoln,” Scribner’s (1893), p. 28.
telegram from Sheridan…“Lee will surrender”: Phil Sheridan to USG, quoted in AL to EMS, April 7, 1865, CW, VIII, p. 389.
“Let the thing be pressed”: AL to USG, April 7, 1865, CW, VIII, p. 392.
Julia Grant…“that we be not judged”: Personal Memoirs of Julia Dent Grant, p. 149; Chambrun, “Personal Recollections of Mr. Lincoln,” Scribner’s (1893), p. 33 (quote).
“he gave orders…the great oaks”: Chambrun, “Personal Recollections of Mr. Lincoln,” Scribner’s (1893), p. 29 (quote); Keckley, Behind the Scenes, p. 169.
“an old country…quiet place like this”: AL, quoted in Arnold, The Life of Abraham Lincoln, p. 435.
observed a turtle…shared “a happy laugh”: Keckley, Behind the Scenes, p. 170.
visited injured soldiers…“no more fighting”: Chambrun, “Personal Recollections of Mr. Lincoln,” Scribner’s (1893), pp. 30, 33–34.
came to say farewell…“floating palace”: Keckley, Behind the Scenes, pp. 171–72.
asked them to play…“upon literary subjects”: Chambrun, “Personal Recollections of Mr. Lincoln,” Scribner’s (1893), pp. 34, 35.
“a beautiful quarto…in his hands”: Edward L. Pierce, Memoir and Letters of Charles Sumner, Vol. IV (London: Sampson Low, Marston and Co., 1893), p. 235.
passages from Macbeth…touch him further: William Shakespeare, Macbeth, Scene II, in The Riverside Shakespeare, 2nd edn., Vol. II (Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1997), p. 1373; Chambrun, “Personal Recollections of Mr. Lincoln,” Scribner’s (1893), p. 35.
“how true a description…the same scene”: Chambrun, “Personal Recollections of Mr. Lincoln,” Scribner’s (1893), p. 35.
ominous selection…“in continual dread”: Speed to Barrett, September 16, 1885, University of Chicago Library.
“that the people know…without fear”: AL, quoted in Thomas and Hyman, Stanton, p. 395.
passed by Mount Vernon…“would again reappear”: Chambrun, “Personal Recollections of Mr. Lincoln,” Scribner’s (1893), pp. 35, 32.
He had observed…“in ruined Richmond”: Through Five Administrations, ed. Gerry, p. 59.
“It was in the evening…injuries and the shock”: Seward, Seward at Washington…1861–1872, pp. 271, 270.
his face “so marred…patient and uncomplaining”: FAS to LW, quoted in ibid., p. 271.
“The extreme sensitiveness…from the door”: Seward, ibid., p. 271.
Lincoln entered the room…“the end, at last”: WHS and AL, quoted in ibid., p. 271.
stretched out…“satisfied at the labor”: Seward, Seward at Washington…1861–1872, p. 271; entry for April 9, 1865, in Johnson, “Sensitivity and Civil War,” p. 872 (quotes).
saw that Seward…got up and left the room: Seward, Seward at Washington…1861–1872, p. 272.
telegram from Grant…“proposed by myself”: USG to
EMS, April 9, 1865, OR, Ser. 1, Vol. XLVI, Part III, p. 663.
“the President hugged him with joy”: Star, February 15, 1896.
close to 10 p.m.…“first time in my life”: Entry for April 9, 1865, in Johnson, “Sensitivity and Civil War,” p. 871.
Both Grant and Lee…“dignified in defeat”: Jay Winik, April 1865: The Month That Saved America (New York: HarperCollins, 2001), p. 193.
Grant had sent a note…“effusion of blood”: USG to Robert E. Lee, April 7, 1865, OR, Ser. 1, Vol. XLVI, Part III, p. 619.
Lee refused to accept…ready to surrender: McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom, p. 848.
dressed for the historic…“deep, red silk”: Douglas Southall Freeman, R. E. Lee: A Biography, Vol. IV (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1936), p. 118.
imprisoned before…“my best appearance”: Robert E. Lee, quoted in ibid., p. 118.
terms of surrender…“properly exchanged”: USG to Robert E. Lee, April 9, 1865, quoted in Grant, Personal Memoirs of U.S. Grant, p. 581.
“the thought occurred to me”…twenty-five thousand men: Grant, Personal Memoirs of U.S. Grant, pp. 581–83.
tried to speak…“tears came into his eyes”: Freeman, R. E. Lee, Vol. IV, p. 144.
“Men, we have fought…best I could for you”: Robert E. Lee, quoted in ibid.
“each side of…as ever, General Lee!”: Charles Blackford, quoted in ibid. pp. 146, 147.
“a great boom…laid down its arms”: Brooks, Washington, D.C., in Lincoln’s Time, p. 223.
“The nation seems…terminates the Rebellion”: Entry for April 10, 1865, Welles diary, Vol. II, p. 278.
several thousand gathered…“people cheered”: National Intelligencer, Washington, D.C., April 11, 1865, quoted in CW, VIII, p. 393 n1.
planning a speech…“dribble it all out”: AL, “Response to Serenade,” National Intelligencer version, April 10, 1865, CW, VIII, p. 393.
If he said something…“not to make mistakes”: AL, “Response to Serenade,” NR version, April 10, 1865, CW, VIII, p. 394.
finally appeared…“waving their handkerchiefs”: NR, April 11, 1865.
“I am very greatly…with its performance”: AL, “Response to Serenade,” National Intelligencer version, April 10, 1865, CW, VIII, p. 393.
“it is good to show the rebels…hear it again”: Chambrun, “Personal Recollections of Mr. Lincoln,” Scribner’s (1893), p. 34.
band followed “Dixie”…“in high good-humor”: Through Five Administrations, ed. Gerry, p. 62 (quote); National Intelligencer, April 11, 1865, in CW, VIII, pp. 393–94 n1.
“If possible…than last Monday”: MTL to CS, April 10, 1865, in Turner and Turner, Mary Todd Lincoln, p. 216.
exhilaration was evident…“qu’en pensez vous?”: MTL to CS, April 11, 1865, in ibid., p. 217.
Illuminated once again…miles around: Brooks, Washington, D.C., in Lincoln’s Time, p. 225.
“Bonfires blazed…rockets were fired”: NYTrib, April 12, 1865.
decorating the front…“and evergreens”: Star, February 15, 1896.
a second-story window…“of a different character”: Brooks, Washington, D.C., in Lincoln’s Time, pp. 226–27.
“the greatest question…practical statesmanship”: “31 July 1863, Friday,” in Hay, Inside Lincoln’s White House, p. 69.
acknowledged that in Louisiana…“by smashing it?”: AL, “Last Public Address,” April 11, 1865, CW, VIII, pp. 403–04.
John Wilkes Booth…passion for the rebels’ cause: Lockridge, Darling of Misfortune, p. 111.
evolved a plan to kidnap…not ready to yield: Michael W. Kauffman, American Brutus: John Wilkes Booth and the Lincoln Conspiracies (New York: Random House, 2004), pp. 134, 211–12.
“Our cause being almost…great must be done”: Text of John Wilkes Booth diary, available through Abraham Lincoln research website, http://members/aol.com/RVSNorton1/Lincoln52.html (accessed May 2005).
Two other conspirators…“put him through”: John Wilkes Booth, quoted in Donald, Lincoln, p. 588.
Curiously…“God knows what is best”: Lamon, Recollections of Abraham Lincoln, pp. 116–18.
Fehrenbacher is persuasive…confused: Commentary on Lamon recollection, Recollected Words of Abraham Lincoln, ed. Fehrenbacher and Fehrenbacher, p. 293.
While radicals…control of the seceded states: Pierce, Memoir and Letters of Charles Sumner, Vol. IV, p. 236; SPC to AL, April 12, 1865, Lincoln Papers.
“a large majority of the people”: NYH, quoted in Harris, Lincoln’s Last Months, p. 216.
“Reunion…in the minds of men”: Brooks, Washington, D.C., in Lincoln’s Time, p. 228.
“there must be…robber bands and guerillas”: Entry for April 13, 1865, Welles diary, Vol. II, p. 279.
Lincoln had hoped…“their own work”: Ibid.
“that to place…bring trouble with Congress”: A. E. H. Johnson, quoted in Flower, Edwin McMasters Stanton, p. 272.
Stanton insisted…“absolutely null and void”: EMS, quoted in ibid., p. 271.
Speed expressed his accord…with Lincoln: Williams, “James and Joshua Speed,” p. 148.
confessed to Welles…tremendously: Gideon Welles, “Lincoln and Johnson,” Galaxy 13 (April 1872), p. 524.
“doubted the policy…correct it if he had”: Entry for April 13, 1865, Welles diary, Vol. II, pp. 279–80.
telegram from Campbell…originally discussed: John A. Campbell to Godfrey Weitzel, April 7, 1865, CW, VIII, pp. 407–08 n1.
Lincoln walked over…“any specific acts”: A. E. H. Johnson, quoted in Flower, Edwin McMasters Stanton, p. 272.
Lincoln stood up…“safe-return to their homes”: AL to Godfrey Weitzel, April 12, 1865, CW, VIII, p. 407 (quote); EMS, in Flower, Edwin McMasters Stanton, p. 271.
“that… was exactly right”: Ibid.
“As we reached…‘candles from my department’”: Personal Memoirs of Julia Dent Grant, pp. 153, 154.
received a delightful note…“drive with me!”: MTL to Mary Jane Welles, July 11, 1865, in Turner and Turner, Mary Todd Lincoln, p. 257.
“We are rejoicing…glorious victories”: MTL to James Gordon Bennett, [April 13, 1865], in ibid., p. 219.
“charming time…into a lad of sixteen”: MTL to Abram Wakeman, April 13, [1865], in ibid., p. 220.
told Sumner…a visit with General Grant: MTL to CS, [April] 13, [1865], in ibid., p. 219.
“Well, my son…for a long while”: Keckley, Behind the Scenes, pp. 137–38.
Grant arrived…this event would be favorable: Entry for April 14, 1865, Welles diary, Vol. II, pp. 282–83.
Stanton had drafted…“asked me to read it”: EMS, quoted in Flower, Edwin McMasters Stanton, p. 301.
cabinet concurred…two separate states: Entry for April 14, 1865, Welles diary, Vol. II, p. 281; Nicolay and Hay, Abraham Lincoln, Vol. X (1890 edn.), p. 284.
“he thought it providential…harmony and union”: Gideon Welles, “Lincoln and Johnson,” Galaxy 13 (April 1872), p. 526.
“Didn’t our Chief…hair and whiskers”: Speed to Barrett, September 16, 1885, Lincoln Collection, University of Chicago Library.
Lincoln seemed “more cheerful…at home and abroad”: EMS to Charles Francis Adams, April 15, 1865, Telegrams Sent by the Secretary of War, Vol. 185–186, December 27, 1864–April 20, 1865, Telegrams Collected by the Office of the Secretary of War (Bound) (National Archives Microfilm Publication M-473, reel88), Records of the Office of the Secretary of War, RG 107, DNA.
“spoke very kindly…of the Confederacy”: EMS to John A. Dix, April 15, 1865, OR, Ser. 1, Vol. XLVI, Part III, p. 780.
“in marked degree…distinguished him”: EMS to Charles Francis Adams, April 15, 1865 (M-473, reel 88), RG 107, DNA.
“a conspicuous…best to let him run”: Dana, Recollection of the Civil War (1996 edn.), pp. 273–74.
She had never seen…“‘been very miserable’”: MTL to Francis B. Carpenter, November 15, [1865], in Turner and Turner, Mary Tod
d Lincoln, pp. 284–85.
“he spoke of his old…riding the circuit”: Arnold, The Life of Abraham Lincoln, pp. 429–30.
hoped to travel…back home to Illinois: MTL interview, [September 1866], in HI, p. 359; Randall, Mary Lincoln, p. 382.
group of old friends…“to dinner at once”: Tarbell, The Life of Abraham Lincoln, Vol. II (1900 edn.), p. 235.
met with Noah Brooks…“its pleasures”: AL, quoted in Hollister, Life of Schuyler Colfax, p. 252.
invited Colfax to join…that night: Ibid., p. 253.
“more hopeful…nearly so with gold”: Brooks, Mr. Lincoln’s Washington, p. 443.
Republican had announced…box that night: NR, April 14, 1865.
Julia Grant…asked to be excused: Grant, Personal Memoirs of U. S. Grant, p. 592; Personal Memoirs of Julia Dent Grant, p. 155.
The Stantons also declined: Thomas and Hyman, Stanton, p. 395.
“unwilling to encourage…poker over his arm”: Bates, Lincoln in the Telegraph Office, p. 367.
“I suppose it’s time…would rather stay”: AL, quoted in Hollister, Life of Schuyler Colfax, p. 253.
“It has been advertised…disappoint the people”: AL, quoted in Through Five Administrations, p. 67.
Booth had devised a plan…assassinate the president: Kauffman, American Brutus, pp. 212–15.
Booth believed he would be…“greater tyrant”: Text of John Wilkes Booth diary, available through Abraham Lincoln research website, http://members/aol.com/RVSNorton1/Lincoln52.html (accessed May 2005).
“Booth knew…martyr of Caesar”: Kauffman, American Brutus, p. 212.
slept well the previous…“for the first time”: Entry for April 14, 1865, in Johnson, “Sensitivity and Civil War,” p. 876.
“listened with a look…the Cabinet meeting”: Seward, Reminiscences of a War-Time Statesman and Diplomat, p. 258.
Fanny’s reading…how much he enjoyed it: Entry for April 14, 1865, in Johnson, “Sensitivity and Civil War,” p. 876.
Stanton had stopped by…serenading him: Thomas and Hyman, Stanton, p. 396.
“quiet arrangements”…opposite side of the bed: Entry for April 14, 1865, in Johnson, “Sensitivity and Civil War,” p. 877.
“there seemed nothing unusual…presented himself”: Seward, Reminiscences of a War-Time Statesman and Diplomat, p. 258.