312 of on

  312 policy political strategy, cunning

  314 his succour being able to help him (Buckingham)

  315 fault offense

  315 gav'st assigned to

  319 credit reputation

  322 From of

  323 cause case (tried in court)

  326 That I who

  328 mate be a match for, contend with

  334 fellow common man/servant/good-for-nothing (a contemptuous term for one of Wolsey's status) 335 jaded deceived, made fools of (plays on the sense of "made green") 337 dare daze

  337 dare ... larks birds could be caught by being distracted with a piece of scarlet cloth while nets were dropped on them; there may be an implicit reference to Joan Larke, Wolsey's mistress 348 issues children, i.e. sons

  349 he i.e. Wolsey

  350 articles items in a list of formal charges

  352 sacring bell small bell rung at the consecration of the host, the holiest part of the Mass (after the Reformation it signified the bell rung to announce morning prayers) 352 brown brunette/dark-complexioned (or sunburned; another dig at Wolsey, suggesting this particular lover is a common peasant) 352 wench girl of the rustic or working class/mistress 356 hand possession/handwriting

  357 thus much I can say this much

  357 foul plays on the sense of "illegible, blotted"

  363 out be revealed

  367 dare challenge, defy

  367 objections accusations

  368 want lack

  369 Have at you! i.e. here I come (standard utterance at the opening of a fight) 371 wrought planned, connived, worked

  371 legate one of the Pope's representatives

  374 'Ego ... meus' "My king and I" (Latin); literally "I and my king," which leads Norfolk to claim that Wolsey places himself before the king; however, this is the required Latin word order and Wolsey's real offense is to equate himself with the monarch 375 still always

  379 Ambassador i.e. as Henry's ambassador

  379 emperor the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V

  379 made bold dared

  380 carry ... seal taking the great seal of England out of the country was forbidden 380 Flanders part of the Netherlands

  381 Item next (on the list; Latin)

  381 commission delegation with specific instructions 382 Gregory de Cassado English ambassador to the Pope 383 allowance permission

  384 Ferrara the Duke of Ferrara (one of the Italian city-states) 385 mere absolute, utter

  387 innumerable substance incalculable wealth

  389 furnish ... dignities bribe Rome as a means of paving your way to personal titles and offices 390 to ... kingdom i.e. at England's expense

  391 Many more i.e. accusations, offenses

  395 virtue i.e. virtuous not to list the offenses 396 lie open are exposed, i.e. are at the mercy (of) 402 legative as a papal legate

  403 praemunire the offense of recognizing papal legal authority over that of the English monarch 404 sued instituted, legally enforced

  405 tenements houses/leased land or property

  406 Castles some editors emend to "chattels" on the basis of the equivalent passage in Holinshed, but the Folio reading is a suitable climax to the list 407 charge order, instruction

  409 For as for

  416 tender young, fresh

  417 blushing glowing, vibrant (perhaps with reference to the red robes of a cardinal) 419 easy comfortable, complacent

  422 wanton playful, wild, careless

  422 bladders inflated animal bladders used as floats 423 This (for) these

  424 high-blown over-inflated (like the bladders; also a suggestion of "fully blooming," recalling the vegetation imagery of a few lines earlier) 427 rude stream rough current

  428 Vain proud/empty, meaningless/foolish, frivolous 432 aspect facial appearance/gaze (with astrological connotations of "influential position of a planet") 432 their ruin the ruin they can cause

  433 pangs pains (often applied to labor pains)

  434 Lucifer the brightest angel in heaven, who rebelled, was cast into hell and became the devil 435 amazed stunned

  439 decline fall

  439 an if

  443 happy fortunate

  448 pillars may recall the silver pillars that were emblems of Wolsey's role as cardinal 452 it i.e. self-knowledge

  458 heaviest saddest/most weighty

  459 displeasure disgrace

  466 that so that

  468 orphans the Lord Chancellor was the legal guardian of all orphans under the age of twenty-one 475 open public

  476 voice talk

  480 gone beyond overreached

  481 In i.e. because of

  483 troops retinues, groups of followers

  491 hopeful promising

  492 make use take advantage, profit

  495 forgo forsake

  503 truth loyalty

  503 play the woman i.e. weep

  506 dull lifeless

  509 sounded fathomed, probed the depth of

  509 shoals shallows

  510 wreck shipwreck/ruin

  512 Mark note, heed

  518 Still always

  530 naked defenseless

  4.1 Location: a street in Westminster, London

  5 all my business what I'm here for

  8 general public, universal

  10 royal generous/supportive of the monarchy

  11 let ... rights to give them their due

  11 forward eager, ready

  15 taken received

  22 High Steward the officer presiding over the coronation 23 Earl Marshal a high-ranking state office

  25 beholding beholden, indebted

  30 order rank, status (i.e. other bishops)

  31 late recent Dunstable Bedfordshire town, about thirty-five miles north of London 32 Ampthill Ampthill Castle, in fact nearer ten miles north of Dunstable 32 lay lodged

  33 cited summoned

  34 short brief

  35 late scruple recent doubt (over the validity of his marriage to Katherine) 35 main assent general agreement

  37 of none effect null and void

  38 Kimbolton a castle in Cambridgeshire, not far from Huntingdon 41 close quiet/to one side

  41.1 flourish fanfare

  41.2 Garter Garter King-at-Arms, chief herald of the College of Arms and a key official in the management of royal ceremonies 41.3 demi-coronal small coronet

  41.4 dove emblematic of peace

  41.6 estate state

  41.5 Collars of esses ornamental gold chains composed of S-shaped links 41.7 Cinque Ports five ports on the southeast coast of England, originally Dover, Hastings, Sandwich, Hythe and Romney; their barons had the right to hold the canopy over the king during processions 41.8 in her hair with her hair loose, as was customary for brides 41.9 coronal coronet

  41.10 train excess material at the back of a dress 42 train retinue

  46 should must

  54 Indies i.e. great wealth

  55 strains embraces, with suggestion of sexual exertion 56 conscience plays on the sense of "genitals"

  58 cloth of honour royal canopy

  59 Cinque Ports five (later seven) ports on the southeast coast of England that provided the navy and were granted privileges in return 66 falling plays on the sense of "sexually receptive"

  68 broiling becoming heated, sweating (from struggling for a good view amongst a crowd of onlookers) 69 i'th'Abbey in Westminster Abbey, venue for coronations 69 finger ... more perhaps with sexual connotations (especially if rankness is given its sexual sense) 71 mere absolute, utter

  71 rankness exuberance/foul (sweaty) smell/lustfulness 77 speak describe

  80 fell off withdrew

  83 opposing displaying

  85 goodliest finest, most good-looking

  87 arose perhaps with connotations of penile erection

  88 shrouds ropes attached to the mast, standard part of a ship's rigging (perhaps with phallic connotations; a rope was a slang image for a
penis) 88 stiff strong; again with connotations of penile erection 90 Doublets men's close-fitting jackets

  92 Great-bellied i.e. pregnant

  93 rams battering rams

  94 press crowd, throng

  104 royal makings trappings of royalty bestowed during a coronation 105 As such as

  108 music musicians

  109 Te Deum thanksgiving hymn "Te Deum laudamus" (Latin; "We praise thee O God") 109 parted departed

  110 state procession/pomp/dignity

  117 lately recently

  121 the one i.e. Gardiner

  122 preferred promoted

  129 will who will

  134 Master o'th'Jewel House i.e. responsible for the Crown Jewels in the Tower of London 140 Something ... command i.e. I have some degree of influence 4.2 Location: Kimbolton Castle, Cambridgeshire

  3 loaden laden, overburdened

  11 happily fittingly/fortunately/perhaps

  13 voice word, rumor

  14 stout brave, resolute

  15 brought him forward escorted him

  16 tainted disgraced/corrupted

  16 answer trial

  18 sit sit on

  20 roads stages (of the journey)

  20 Leicester chief town of Leicestershire, in central England 22 convent members of the monastery

  26 little earth i.e. grave

  27 eagerly keenly/fiercely

  33 blessed part i.e. soul

  35 speak speak of/describe

  37 stomach pride/ambitious appetite

  38 suggestion incitement, prompting (to wrongdoing)

  39 Tied subjected, tied up

  39 Simony buying and selling ecclesiastical posts

  40 I'th'presence in the royal reception chamber/presence of the king 41 double duplicitous/ambiguous

  43 pitiful merciful, compassionate

  46 body i.e. sexual appetites, love of worldly pleasures 46 ill immoral

  51 good goodness, virtues

  56 to for

  57 ripe mature, sophisticated

  59 Lofty haughty

  61 unsatisfied in getting never satisfied with what he had acquired 64 you Griffith addresses Ipswich and Oxford

  65 Ipswich and Oxford Wolsey founded colleges in both towns, though only that at Oxford survived him; originally intended to be Cardinal's College, it was renamed Christ Church 66 did made, founded

  68 art scholarship

  68 rising growing (in reputation and excellence; plays on the idea of physical completion) 72 little humble

  79 Whom he whom (i.e. Wolsey)

  80 religious conscientious

  80 modesty moderation, restraint

  82 set me lower i.e. help me to lie back or sit lower in the chair 84 note tune

  85 knell funeral bell

  86 celestial harmony i.e. heaven

  86.1 tripping moving nimbly and lightly

  86.3 vizards masks

  86.2 bays bay-tree leaves, a symbol of triumph 86.4 congee make a formal bow

  86.5 changes turns or stages of the dance 86.6 in their i.e. still

  102 fancy imagination

  103 music leave musicians cease

  104 heavy oppressive/sorrowful

  111 An't like if it please

  112 saucy insolent

  115 lose give up

  115 wonted accustomed

  118 staying waiting

  122 emperor Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, Katherine's nephew

  137 physic medicine

  137 had would have

  148 willing willingly

  150 model image

  150 daughter i.e. Mary

  152 breeding upbringing

  159 both my fortunes i.e. good and bad, as queen and subsequently 163 honesty chastity/virtue

  163 carriage behavior

  165 happy fortunate

  169 over extra

  171 able sufficient

  178 fashion form, nature, character

  179 honest honorable

  187 used treated

  188 maiden flowers i.e. those flowers befitting chastity 190 forth i.e. out for burial

  192 can i.e. say or do

  5.1 Location: the royal court, London

  3 necessities essential activities, i.e. sleep

  7 Whither where are you going

  9 primero gambling card game

  11 must must go

  14 an if if

  15 offence harm

  16 touch sense, hint

  16 late recent/late night

  21 durst commend dare entrust

  22 this work i.e. what he has been engaged in

  23 feared it is feared

  25 fruit i.e. child

  25 goes with carries/is in the throes of labor with

  27 time delivery, outcome

  27 stock tree that bore the fruit, i.e. Anne

  28 grubbed up uprooted

  30 Cry the amen i.e. agree

  35 way of thinking, i.e. Catholic religious views 38 hands i.e. assistants, supporters

  41 remarked notable/conspicuous

  42 Master O'th'Rolls a high-ranking legal position

  44 gap and trade opening and path

  45 time age, state of affairs/time to come/opportunity 49 are are those

  52 Incensed angered

  54 arch-heretic major, principal holder of unorthodox religious views (puns on "archbishop") 55 moved angered, stirred

  56 broken broached (the matter)

  58 fell fierce, terrible

  58 mischiefs evils, misfortunes

  61 convented summoned to appear

  61 rank rapidly growing, abundant

  64 rest remain

  66 hard strong (a player)

  69 fancy mind, inclination

  78 suff'rance suffering

  81 God may God

  81 quit release, relieve

  82 travail labor

  82 gladding delighting

  86 estate state, situation

  99 attends awaits

  101 bishop i.e. Gardiner

  102 happily fortunately, opportunely

  103 Avoid leave

  103 gallery long room used for walking in

  106 aspect of terror angry expression

  118 grievous serious

  120 moved prompted, decided

  122 with such freedom so freely, easily

  122 purge clear, exonerate

  124 take ... you be patient

  126 Tower Tower of London

  126 brother of us being a fellow member of the council 127 fits is fitting

  131 throughly thoroughly

  131 winnowed i.e. cleared of impurity, as corn is exposed to wind in order to separate it from worthless husks (chaff) 133 stands under endures/is subject to

  133 calumnious slanderous

  138 my halidom all I consider holy

  139 looked anticipated

  140 given ... petition requested

  143 endurance further further hardship/forthcoming imprisonment 144 dread revered

  147 triumph exult (at the downfall of)

  147 weigh value

  148 Being should it be

  148 nothing not at all

  152 small insignificant

  152 practices plots

  153 bear ... proportion be correspondingly powerful

  153 ever always

  155 The dew o'th'verdict i.e. a successful outcome 155 at with

  157 swear testify

  159 Ween you of do you expect

  160 perjured witness false testimony

  160 your master i.e. Christ

  162 naughty wicked

  163 take ... danger behave as though jumping off a cliff were not dangerous 164 woo invite, court

  167 is that is

  169 give way to i.e. allow

  171 chance happen

  172 commit imprison

  186 Now now may

  190 Is ... delivered? Has the queen given birth?

  194 girl may apply either to Anne or to the newly born E
lizabeth 195 Promises i.e. who promises to give birth to 196 and and for you

  201 marks a mark was a monetary unit (rather than a coin) worth two thirds of a pound 203 groom servingman

  203 for suitable for

  206 hot "to strike while the iron is hot" was proverbial 207 put ... issue undertake it, insist on it (issue may play on the sense of "child") 3 fast locked up

  4 Sure surely

  9 So so be it/I see

  11 happily fortunately/by chance

  12 understand it presently be informed of it at once

  16 sound perceive/proclaim

  17 laid arranged (like a trap)

  18 turn alter

  22 attend wait

  22.1 above i.e. on the upper staging level or gallery 26 Body o'me upon my body (i.e. life)

  29 Who ... state who maintains his dignity/is detained according to his status (ironic) 29 pursuivants state messengers

  30 footboys boy servants, often assistants to footmen

  33 one above 'em i.e. the king/God

  34 parted divided

  34 honesty integrity/decorum

  35 suffer permit

  36 place status

  37 dance attendance be kept waiting

  38 post courier

  38 packets i.e. of letters

  40 close shut

  40.1 state throne

  40.2 above next to, at the upper end of the table; the seating arrangements reflect the men's positions 49 Without outside

  56 present present time

  57 chair i.e. Cranmer's vacant chair next to the Lord Chancellor 58 capable Of susceptible to

  59 flesh bodily urges, mortal weakness

  60 want lack

  61 misdemeaned yourself behaved improperly

  65 Divers various/different/perverse, cruel

  65 heresies views contrary to orthodox religious opinion 66 pernicious destructive

  69 Pace ... hands do not train them gently, by hand

  70 stubborn unyielding

  71 obey the manage perform the specific movements correctly (from French manege, "horsemanship") 71 suffer permit

  72 easiness indulgence, leniency

  74 physic medicine

  75 taint corruption/infection

  77 upper higher/inland

  77 upper ... witness a reference either to the Saxony peasants' revolt of 1524 or to the rising of the Anabaptists in Munster in 1535

  82 course current/series of undertakings

  85 single united, honest

  87 place official public position

  95 urge make allegations

  98 by that virtue by virtue of that

  99 moment importance

  100 short brief

  103 private i.e. not exercising public office 105 provided prepared

  107 pass be approved, prevail

  109 end aim, purpose

  111 Become befit, suit

  115 doubt i.e. of my innocence

  115 conscience i.e. trouble your conscience 118 sectary follower of a heretical sect

  119 painted counterfeit/superficial

  119 discovers reveals

  120 words i.e. mere words

  122 By ... favour if you will permit me (to say so)

  127 cry ... mercy beg your honor's pardon

  127 worst least

  131 sound orthodox, honest

  136 bold audacious, impertinent

  140 Forbear stop, desist

  156 Receive take into custody

  157 safe securely confined