see also Gettysburg, Battle of
Perryville, Battle of, 480
Petersburg, Battle of, 568
Petersburg, Third Battle of, 569
Petersburg, Va., siege of, 572
Philadelphia Inquirer, 353
Philadelphia Press, 162
Phillips, Wendell, 385
Pickett, George, 342, 521, 555
Pickett’s charge, 560, 570, 571
pikes, Confederate army’s considered use of, 196
Pillow, Gideon J., 109, 334
Pinkerton, Allan, 167, 202, 354, 520
Pittman, Samuel, 455
Plains of Abraham, Battle of, 145
Pleasonton, Alfred, 570
Poague, William T., 31, 92, 464
Pope, John, 104, 277, 326, 394–98, 462, 573–74
Army of Virginia appointment of, 392, 394
in Cedar Mountain Battle, 398, 399, 400, 406
enemy strength assessments by, 416
final Second Manassas attack of, 442–45
Jackson and Lee’s deception of, 416, 418, 429–30, 431, 442
Jackson’s flanking march around, 413–18, 449
Jackson’s Second Manassas attack on, 422, 424, 427, 428–31
McClellan’s hatred of, 439, 441
McClellan’s reinforcement of, 397, 410–11, 413, 418, 430, 438, 440, 441
postwar life of, 574
pre–Second Manassas position of, 410, 411, 413, 415–16, 421, 422
Second Manassas defeat of, 444, 445, 446
Second Manassas mistakes of, 416, 424, 430, 431, 434, 435–36, 437, 441–42, 573, 574
Second Manassas plans of, 418, 423–24, 430, 431, 432, 435–36
Southerners’ treatment by, 395, 396, 408
Porter, Andrew, 82
Porter, Fitz John, 104, 338
at Antietam Battle, 462, 474, 477, 478
Pope described by, 395
at Second Manassas Battle, 418, 432, 435–36, 441, 442, 443, 444, 573, 574
in Seven Days campaign, 352, 357, 361, 362, 364–65, 366, 367, 370, 372, 379, 382
Port Republic, Battle of, 322–27, 332
casualties in, 324, 325, 326
Port Republic, Va.:
Army of the Valley’s arrival at, 312, 315
bridge at, 313, 315, 316, 317, 318, 324, 325
tactical advantages at, 315–16
Union cavalry’s attack on, 317, 318, 319
see also Cross Keys, Battle of
Posey, Carnot, 523
Presbyterian Church, General Assembly of, 514
Preston, James, 91
Preston, John T. L., 38, 152–53, 154, 180–81, 236, 255, 515, 566
Preston, Julia Jackson Christian, 565
Preston, Margaret Junkin (Maggie), 17–18, 143–44, 145, 147, 148–50, 151, 152–53, 180, 195, 236, 438, 556, 566, 567
Preston, Walter, 185, 186
Preston, Willy, 437–38
Principles of Courtesy, The (Hervey), 122
Pryor, S. G., 254
Psalm 118, 79
“Quaker guns,” 203
radical Republicans, 20, 383, 384, 490, 502, 558
Rafuse, Ethan, 166
railroads:
Civil War significance of, 69
Confederate army’s use of, 1, 4, 5–6, 41, 48, 62, 64, 65, 245, 249, 250, 251, 256, 336, 393, 521, 526, 534, 546
Jackson’s final journey on, 557, 560–61
Lincoln’s final journey on, 557
Northern, 300
in Shenandoah Valley, 66, 176, 187, 191, 207, 241, 243, 245, 249, 250, 251, 256, 288, 303, 336, 398, 410
Union army’s use of, 351, 361, 364, 371, 413, 417, 418, 448
Raleigh Standard, 558
Rappahannock River, 397, 411, 413, 491, 493, 494, 496, 498, 504, 508, 509, 513, 519, 520, 523, 528, 532, 545
rebel yell, 91–92, 294–95, 367, 368, 388, 404, 433, 460, 467, 484, 500, 536
Redwood, Allen C., 389
Register, 555
Reid, Leigh Wilber, 130
Reid, S. M., 156
Republican Party, US:
Banks’s prominence in, 199
Fredericksburg reaction in, 502
Frémont’s support by, 239
Longstreet’s support of, 571
McClellan’s criticism by, 166, 489
Pope’s support of, 395
slavery position of, 20, 383
total war strategy of, 397
Revolutionary War, 450–51, 458
Reynolds, John, 441, 442, 443, 532, 533
Richardson, Israel, 475, 476, 477
Richmond, Fredericksburg, and Potomac Railroad, 546, 547
Richmond, Va.:
bread riots in, 507
Burnside’s attack plan for, 491–92; see also Fredericksburg, Battle of
Confederate army’s defense of, 1, 5–6, 7, 8–9, 207, 268, 308, 335–37, 338–39, 369, 410, 411, 490, 521; see also Seven Days campaign
Confederate army’s formation in, 14, 16, 32–33, 34, 35, 41
Confederate army’s July 1862 return to, 391
Confederate supply line in, 451, 521, 546
evacuation of, 3, 348, 349
first Confederate war council in, 68
First Manassas reaction in, 98
Jackson monument in, 568
Jackson’s fame in, 391–92
Jackson’s funeral in, 553–55, 557, 561
Lee’s defense of, 1, 5–6, 8–9, 244–45, 268, 312, 327, 335–37, 338–39, 410, 411, 521
Lee’s defensive plans for, see Seven Days campaign
McClellan’s attack plans for, 2–4, 7, 8, 202, 203, 204, 207, 212, 228, 234, 244, 256, 268, 274, 277, 289, 290, 300, 320, 326, 331, 335, 338, 339, 340, 348, 349, 351, 353, 354, 361–62, 379, 384–85, 397; see also peninsula campaign; Seven Days campaign
McDowell’s missed opportunity for, 83
McDowell’s planned advance on, 277, 278, 288, 289
Shenandoah Valley approaches to, 207, 245
Sheridan’s advance on, 570
Southern opinion’s shaping by, 101, 189
strategic importance of, 3, 56
Union army’s threatening of, 2–4, 7, 207, 244, 245, 256, 268, 277, 288, 298, 301, 312, 326, 331, 335, 338–39, 348, 349, 397; see also Seven Days campaign
Richmond College, 34
Richmond Daily Dispatch, 8, 23
Richmond Dispatch, 103, 225–26, 302, 332, 480, 554
Richmond Enquirer, 27
Richmond and York River Railroad, 351
Richmond Whig, 8, 27, 97, 194, 332, 448
Ricketts, James B., 88, 406, 466, 468
Roanoke Island, Battle of, 194
Roberts, Benjamin S., 400
Robertson, Beverly, 398, 406
Robertson, James I., Jr., 154
Rodes, Robert, 522, 531, 535, 536, 537, 539, 543
Romney, Va.:
Confederate withdrawal from, 190
Union force at, 176, 178, 183, 191
Romney Expedition, 181–92, 331
Jackson’s political troubles following, 185–91, 260–61, 387
Jackson’s proposal for, 178–79
marches in, 181, 182–83, 184, 185, 191, 197
outcome of, 187, 191, 194
Rosecrans, William S., 177
Russell, John, 450
Sanford, Edward S., 370
Santa Anna, 108
Saul (Handel), 554
Savage’s Station, Battle of, 371–73, 399
Savannah, Ga., First Manassas reaction in, 98
Schenck, Robert C., 245, 251, 252, 253, 255, 256, 266, 267, 271, 279
Scott, William C., 278
Scott, Winfield, 98, 423
Davis’s prewar relationship with, 171
early war strategy of, 58–59
First Manassas strategy of, 61, 62, 63
in Jackson’s Fort Meade dispute, 116–17
Jackson’s relationship with, 16, 36, 109
McClellan’s relationship
with, 164, 165, 166
McDowell’s prewar service under, 57
Mexican-American War service of, 16, 36, 56, 58, 104, 106, 108, 109, 173, 337
military stature of, 58, 69
presidential bid of, 58, 152
view of war of, 17
scurvy, 507
Sears, George, 472
2nd Corps, Confederate:
in Antietam Battle, 464, 466, 467, 468, 469, 470, 471, 472
in Cedar Mountain Battle, 399, 400, 401–6
Chancellorsville attack of, 536–38
Chancellorsville flanking march by, 530–32, 533–36, 544
in Fredericksburg Battle, 494, 496, 497, 498, 499, 500
Fredericksburg march of, 492
Harpers Ferry’s retaking by, 453–54, 456, 457, 458–60
Jackson’s strict command over, 409–10, 415, 531
in Manassas Junction supply depot revelry, 420–21
pre-Chancellorsville movements of, 522, 523, 525–27
pre–Second Manassas flanking march of, 413–18, 449
pre–Second Manassas movements of, 411, 419–22
religious life of, 487
in Second Manassas Battle, 423–38, 440, 442–45
Second Manassas defensive positions of, 422, 424, 427, 431–34, 435, 437, 442
spring 1863 position of, 521
strength of, 393, 398, 399, 400, 401, 402, 405, 406, 422, 429, 430, 438, 496, 523, 525, 531, 536
Union supplies taken by, 421
in winter 1862–1863, 508, 510, 511, 517–18
Seddon, James, 553
Sedgwick, John, 470, 471, 526, 530, 538, 545
Seminoles, 112
Seven Days campaign, 193, 348–62, 363–82
aftermath of, 383–93, 395, 397
casualties in, 354, 357–58, 367, 368, 381, 382, 386
Confederate maps in, 359, 365
Gaines’s Mill Battle in, 364–69, 399, 502
Glendale Battle in, 374–78
Jackson’s arrival prior to, 336, 348, 349
Jackson’s difficulties in, 354–55, 356, 357, 358–60, 363, 364–66, 371–73, 375–78, 399, 407, 473
Jackson’s flanking marches in, 338, 339, 352, 354–55, 356, 357, 358–60, 361, 364, 365–66
Jackson’s physical exhaustion in, 355–56, 360, 376, 377, 382, 398
Lee’s confusing orders in, 354–55, 358, 359, 360, 372, 373, 381
Lee’s mistakes in, 352, 354–55, 358, 359, 360, 363, 365, 366, 371, 372, 373, 378, 379, 381, 382, 414
Lee’s plans in, 338–39, 349, 351–53, 354–55, 356, 357, 358–60, 361, 364, 365, 366, 367–68, 370–73, 374, 375–82
Lee’s success in, 383, 384, 385, 397
Lee’s tactical dilemma in, 352–53
McClellan’s opening attack in, 353
McClellan’s opening position in, 351–52
McClellan’s retreats in, 361–62, 363–64, 366, 368, 369, 370, 371, 373–74, 376, 382, 397
Malvern Hill Battle in, 378–82
Mechanicsville Battle in, 357–61, 363, 399
Oak Grove Battle in, 353–54
Savage’s Station Battle in, 371–73, 399
Southern reaction to, 378, 383, 386
terrain in, 355, 360
Union army’s vulnerability in, 371
Union cavalry’s role in, 354, 355, 356
Union supply lines in, 349, 351, 352, 359, 361, 363, 364, 370, 371, 373, 375
Seven Pines, Battle of, 335, 337, 348
Seward, William, 98, 161, 162, 165, 203, 502, 569
Sexton, Rufus, 307
Sharpsburg, Va.:
Confederate advance on, 458
destruction of, 477
Jackson’s arrival at, 464, 465
see also Antietam, Battle of
shell, 217
Shenandoah River, 239, 242, 313, 315, 323
Shenandoah Valley:
agricultural yields of, 176, 575
“back door” into, 196
Banks’s first foray into, 199–200
Banks’s planned withdrawal from, 204, 205, 207, 209, 213, 215, 217
Banks’s redeployment to, 228
Beauregard’s battle proposal for, 68
Civil War’s devastation of, 575
1st Virginia Brigade’s camps in, 52
Harpers Ferry’s strategic location in, 44
Jackson’s destruction of mountain passes to, 306
Jackson’s love of, 135, 239
Johnston’s army in, 48, 52–53, 56, 61, 62
Lexington’s location in, 120
rail links in, 66, 176, 187, 191, 207, 241, 243, 245, 249, 250, 251, 256, 288, 303, 336, 398, 410
Richmond approaches from, 207, 245
secession vote in, 30
slavery in, 238
spring 1862 Union forces near, 239, 245
strategic importance of, 176, 179
terrain of, 200
Union’s fall 1861 positions in, 176–77
Union spy network in, 196
Virginia troops from, 37
weather in, 239, 241
see also Army of the Valley; Valley campaign; Winchester, Va.
Shepherdstown, Battle of, 479–80
Sheridan, Philip:
Richmond advance of, 570
at Third Winchester Battle, 567
total war tactics of, 46, 173, 572, 575
Sherman, William Tecumseh:
Civil War’s transformation of, 6
1864 Atlanta campaign of, 573
enemy strength assessments by, 197
in First Manassas Battle, 83
Johnston as viewed by, 47
total war tactics of, 46, 166, 173, 572, 575
view of war of, 17
Shields, James:
battle report falsehoods of, 211, 227–28, 309, 318, 326
Jackson’s Valley campaign contest with, 205–7, 209, 211, 212, 213, 215, 216–17, 218, 227–28, 234, 306, 308–9, 310, 312–13, 315, 316, 318, 320, 321, 322, 323, 326, 334
spring 1862 redeployment of, 243, 249, 250, 267, 268, 269, 271, 278, 279
Shiloh, Battle of, 7, 253, 277, 338, 382
Shipley (slave), 238
Sickles, Daniel, 533, 534
Sigel, Franz, 394, 406, 431
Sinclair, William, 498
slavery:
Jackson’s views on, 15, 17, 22, 142, 154–56
Lincoln’s position on, 20, 22, 168, 238, 383, 384, 385, 480–81
Northern view of, 155, 237–38, 383–84, 447, 481, 559
Pope’s views on, 395
in Shenandoah Valley, 238
Southern view of, 155
South’s dependence on, 238, 239, 481
US debate over, 20–21, 22
Virginia debate over, 155
slaves:
Davis’s personal treatment of, 171
escaped, 168, 194, 196, 237–39, 275, 282–83, 295, 371, 384, 420–21
Jackson’s ownership of, 15, 17, 22, 154, 155, 156
Jackson’s school for, 156–57
Union intelligence from, 275
Union troops’ relations with, 238–39
Slidell, John, 450
Slocum, Henry W., 520, 525, 526
Smith, Francis H., 23, 28–29, 117, 129, 133, 251, 255, 260, 387, 561
Smith, Gustavus, 338
Smith, G. W., 170, 172–74, 175
Smith, James Power, 503, 509, 512, 542, 544, 546, 555, 568
Smith, Kirby, 42
Smith, William F., 504
South:
Antietam’s perception in, 480
Beauregard’s post–Fort Sumter reputation in, 57
Civil War catalysts in, 21–31
Civil War’s destruction of, 383, 385, 572
Davis’s criticism in, 194, 502
early 1862 morale in, 4, 7–8, 193, 194, 195, 203, 256, 348
food shortages in, 507, 509
Fredericksburg reaction in, 502–3
horses used in, 209–10
> Jackson’s heroic status in, 7, 8, 102–3, 186, 189, 225–26, 256, 298, 302, 331–32, 336, 348, 349, 378, 388–89, 391, 392, 448–49, 484–86, 552–56
Jackson mourned in, 552–56, 557, 560–62
Jackson’s prewar reputation in, 33, 38, 45, 51
Jackson’s religious vision for, 515
late 1861 morale in, 169, 170
Lincoln’s death as viewed in, 558
Lost Cause movement in, 571–72
McClellan’s fondness for, 345, 384, 395, 396
McClellan’s reputation in, 373–74
militias in, 33, 37–38, 39
noncombatants in, 396, 397
Pope’s hostility toward, 395, 396, 408
press in, 7, 8, 38, 57, 97, 98, 100, 101, 102, 103, 194, 225–26, 256, 302, 331, 332, 333, 373, 446, 486, 513, 553
secession in, 13, 20, 22, 27–30, 31
Second Manassas and, 446, 448–49
Seven Days campaign’s effect on, 378, 383, 386
slavery debate’s implications for, 21
slavery’s pervasiveness in, 238, 239, 481
stragglers’ treatment in, 408–9
trained military officers in, 33
view of slavery in, 155
see also Confederacy
Southern Illustrated News, 210
Southern Literary Messenger, 194, 302
South Mountain, Battle of, 456–58, 461, 464
spherical case, 218
Spotswood Hotel, 68
Spotsylvania Courthouse, Battle of, 571, 572
Springfield rifle, 230, 233, 254, 451
stands, small arms, 298
Stanton, Edwin, 202, 228, 243, 249, 250, 251, 272, 277, 278, 287, 288, 289, 297, 299–300, 326, 340, 353, 356, 358, 369–70, 397, 438, 440, 441, 445, 490, 573
Staples, Walter R., 185
Starke, William E., 432, 465, 468
states’ rights, 22, 571
Staunton, Va.:
Jackson’s defense of, 245, 246, 248, 250, 251, 256, 273; see also McDowell, Battle of
Jackson’s supply base in, 207, 242, 245, 305
strategic importance of, 245
Stephens, Alexander, 186
Steuart, George H., 284, 285, 286, 296, 555
Stevens, Thaddeus, 384
Stewart, Charles, 345
Stiles, Joseph, 487
Stone, Charles P., 167–68
Stoneman, George, 346, 521, 526, 529, 532, 538, 547
Stonewall Brigade:
Anna’s visit to, 175
in Antietam Battle, 466, 469
attempted insubordination in, 264
in Cedar Mountain Battle, 402
in Chancellorsville Battle, 544, 548
in Charlestown skirmish, 302
desertions from, 409
Garnett’s command of, 181, 183, 258, 259
Harpers Ferry’s approach by, 303
Jackson monument erected by, 568
in Kernstown Battle, 219, 220, 222, 258