FOOTNOTES
[1] Note 1.--Palace of the Cæsars. (See Lanciani’s _Ancient Rome in the light of Modern Discoveries_, pp. 107-133.) --_For Notes see section following FOOTNOTES._
[2] Note 2.--Lollia Paulina’s jewels.
[3] Note 3.--Agrippina’s talking thrush.
[4] Note 4.--Nero’s Genealogy.
[5] Note 5.--Agrippina’s white nightingale.
[6] Note 6.--The Bacchanalians.
[7] Note 7.--Nero’s poetry.
[8] ‘Sub terris tonuisse putes.’
[9] PLINY, _N. H._ vii. 6.
[10] Note 8.
[11] Note 9.
[12] See Nisard: _Poëtes de la Décadence_, i. 91.
[13] Mart. iv. 59.
[14] Note 10.
[15] Note 11.
[16] A slave who carried boys’ books to school.
[17] Note 12.--Slaves.
[18] Note 13.--Onokoites.
[19] Note 14.--Lines of Cleanthes.
[20] Note 15.--Ancient wall-scribblings.
[21] For these and similar passages of Seneca, see _Epp._ 31, 41, 73; _De Benef._, i. 6; &c.
[22] 1 Thess. iv. 1-8.
[23] 1 Thess. v. 1-11.
[24] Note 16.--Cyzicene room.
[25] Plat. _Politicus_, § 16; comp. _Phædo_, § 78.
[26] Note 17.--The unconscious prophecies of heathendom.
[27] Note 18.
[28] Juv. _Sat._ iii. 60-65.
[29] _Sparteoli_, ‘bucket-men,’ was the slang term for the police, perhaps from the _spartum_, or rope-basket covered with pitch, in which they carried water as firemen.
[30] Note 19.--Arrest of Onesimus.
[31] _Equuleus_ was an instrument of torture.
[32] _Salaputium_, ‘hop-o’-my-thumb.’
[33] To offer the ears to be touched was a sign of willingness to give witness. See Hor. _Sat._ ix. 77; and for the reason of the custom, Pliny, _N. H._ xi. 103.
[34] ????????, ‘profitable.’ St. Paul plays on the meaning of the name in Philemon, 10, 11.
[35] Cic. _Pro Flacco_, 27: ‘Phrygium plagis solere fieri meliorem.’
[36] Note 20.--Agrippas.
[37] Note 21.--Ancient dancing.
[38] ‘DE PANTOMIMO.
‘Pugnat, ludit, amat, bacchatur, vertitur, astat, Illustrat verum, cuncta decore replet; Tot linguæ, tot membra viro: mirabilis ars est Quæ facit articulos, ore silente, loqui.’
[39] Note 22.--Lucan’s flatteries.
[40] Sen. _Ep._ 21.
[41] Sen. _Nat. Quæst._ i. 5: ‘Colla Cytheriacæ splendent agitata Columbæ. Ut ait Nero Cæsar disertissime.’
[42] Petron. _Sat._ 1, ‘Melliti verborum globuli.’
[43] Pind. _Ol._ ii. 119.
[44] Note 23.--The _Stemma Cæsarum_.
[45] Hor. _Epod._ ii. 1; Lord Lytton’s version.
[46] Virg. _Georg._ ii. 458.
[47] A period of seventeen days.
[48] Note 24.--Otho’s banquet.
[49] See Note 25.--Tossing in a blanket.
[50] Note 26.--Age of Britannicus.
[51] A coin of Teos with this inscription is still extant.-- Mionnet, iv. 123.
[52] Eph. v. 14 (apparently the fragment of a hymn).
[53] Note 27.--Making gods.
[54] Note 28.--Greek epigram.
[55] Note 29.--Epitaph.
[56] Note 30.
[57] Note 31.--Early Christian hymns.
[58] Pliny, _N. H._ xxxiv. 8.
[59] Plutarch, _Sympos._ i.
[60] Note 32.
[61] _De Const. Sap._ 14.
[62] Sen. _De Benef._ iii. 16.
[63] Pliny, _N. H._ xxxvii. 16.
[64] Lactantius.
[65] _Il._ ix. 502 (Pope).
[66] Pliny, _N. H._ viii. 7.
[67] Plutarch, _De Defect. Orac._ p. 419, _b_.
[68] An actual ancient _graffito_ of some imprisoned slave.
[69] Note 33.
[70] _Sen. De Tranq. An._ xiv. 7.
[71] Sen. _Ep._ liv.: ‘Mors est non esse.’ _Troades_, v. 393: ‘Post mortem nihil est, ipsaque Mors nihil.’
[72] Pliny, _N. H._ xi. 54: ‘Oculos cum osculamur, _animum ipsum videmur attingere_.’
[73] Note 34.
[74] Note 35.--The Gladiators’ School.
[75] Note 36.--The Gladiator’s Oath.
[76] For _Spectatus_--a gladiator who had made his _début_ in the arena.
[77] _Mart._ ii. 75.
[78] Note 37.--Gladiatorial Games.
[79] See Isidor. _Orig._ xviii. 53.
[80] Pliny, _N. H._ x. 34.
[81] Note 38.--Dead Gladiators.
[82] Sen. _Ep._ xciii. 12; Quinct. _Decl._ 7.
[83] Pliny, _N. H._ xxiii. 63 and _passim_.
[84] Note 39.--The King of the Grove.
[85] Petron. _Sat._ 47; Juv. _Sat._ iii. 9.
[86] ?? ?????? ???’ ???????? ?? ???????? ?.
[87] The author has the kind permission of the illustrious Laureatus of Vectis to make this use of his lines.
[88] The _insulæ_ were large, isolated lodging-houses.
[89] Note 40.--Age of Octavia.
[90] Note 41.--Christian Fortitude.
[91] A real pagan epitaph.
[92] Note 42.--Ishmael ben Phabi.
[93] Renan, _L’Antéchrist_, p. 152.
[94] Note 43.
[95] ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????’ ???.
[96] Note 44.
[97] Sen. _Controv._ iii. 12 (Boissier, p. 80).
[98] Note 45.
[99] Sen. _Thyest._ 446.
[100] Tac. _Ann._ xv. 45.
[101] The Latin Gate did not at this time exist. It was in the wall of Aurelian, of which the date is A.D. 271. But it is possible that tradition may have had reason for fixing on this locality.
[102] Sen. _Consol. ad Marc._ 20.
[103] Note 46.
[104] Note 47.--St. John banished by Nero.
[105] Note 48.--Icarus.
[106] Note 49.--Danaides.
[107] Tert. _Apol._ 50. Note 50.
[108] Sen. _Ep._ 15, 78.
[109] Pliny, xxxv. 33.
[110] _Pharsal._ ix. 601.
[111] _Pharsal._ vii. 455-459.
[112] _Pharsal._ ix. 211.
[113] Tac. _Ann._ xvi. 16.
[114] _Dial. de Orat._ 12.
[115] ‘Stoicus occidit Baream, delator amicum, Discipulumque senex, ripa nutritus in illa Ad quam Gorgonei delapsa est pinna caballi.’
JUV. _Sat._ iii. 116.
[116] Sen. _De Ira_, iii. 15.
[117] Sen. _Quæst. Nat._ ii. 26, vi. 21.
[118] Note 51.
[119] ‘Conqueror in all the games.’
[120] Note 52.
[121] ????? ?’ ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????.
[122] ‘Acerrimi canes, quos ille, ut sibi uni mansuetos ... sanguine humano pascebat.’--Sen. _Consol. ad Marc._ xxii. 3; comp. _De Benef._ iii. 26.