garuda The mythical magical bird upon whom the gods rode
guling Or Dutch Wife: a long round cushion or an open frame of rattan used in beds in tropical countries as a rest for the limbs and an aid to keeping cool
gus A term of affection used among the families of the Javanese aristocratic elite by parents toward their male children; short for gusti
gusti kanjeng A term of address used for higher aristocracy, meaning “exalted lord”
haji Title of a Javanese Moslem who has gone on the pilgrimage to Mecca
HBS The prestigious Dutch-language senior high school
Dr. Snouck Hurgronje A Dutch scholar who was an influential adviser on Native Affairs to the colonial government
ibu Literally “mother”; used as a term of address for respected women
ikat Binding, belt, etc.
Indisch A Dutch term referring to racially mixed people or cultures; also to the diverse residents of the Dutch East Indies as a group
Indo A term used to refer to Dutch-Indonesian Mixed Bloods
Java Doctor Someone trained in the Dutch-run medical school, STOVIA
jeruk A sweet citrus fruit, a sort of cross between a lemon and a mandarin
kabupaten The formal local term for the administrative area that an assistant resident (through the bupati) administers
kain Traditional dress worn by Javanese women; a kind of sarong wrapped tightly around the waist and legs
kampung A village within a city environment
kecap Indonesian soy sauce, sweetened with thick palm sugar syrup
kedasih A type of bird
kenanga A kind of flower
keris Traditional curved-bladed Javanese dagger
kliwon One of the days of the Javanese five-day week
kontrolir (controller) The junior Dutch administrative officer in charge of a subdistrict, one level below an assistant resident; being close to the grass roots, they often wielded much power on a day-to-day basis.
kopiah A traditional Javanese-style Moslem fez
kromo High Javanese spoken to and between the upper classes
kroncong A form of music and song adapted from Portuguese folk music
ksatria knight; nobleman; the caste below brahman
kyai An Islamic teacher or leader
landschap A territory ruled by a king or under the sway of customary law
lasting A kind of plain material
lenong A form of urban folk drama popular in Betawi and performed in the colloquial Malay of the Betawi people
Liberal Movement The Liberal Movement was a political movement based among the Dutch bourgeoisie in Holland and the Indies; it called for the government to implement policies to improve education and irrigation in the Indies and to promote transmigration (then called emigration) out of Java.
londo godong Literally “Dutch page”; a Javanese who has been given the same legal status as a Dutchman
losmen Inn
magreb The name of the prayers that are carried out after the sun has set but before it is dark; the Moslem creed sets down five obligatory times for prayer.
Mahabarata Epic story in which the Pandawa and the Korawa wage war for possession of the realm of Ngastino
makmum In Islamic practice, when more than one person is carrying out ritual prayer, the group selects the oldest or most knowledgeable man to lead the prayers; the others, known as the makmum, stand behind him and follow as he guides them through the prayer ritual.
mantri Village official below the wedana
mas Javanese term of address literally meaning “older brother”; used by a young woman toward a man, it indicates an especially close, respectful affection; it can also be used between men, indicating respectful friendship; by a sister to her older brother; and also by a wife to her husband; a title of the lesser nobility
Max Havelaar Novel by Eduard Douwes Dekker (Multatuli)
meneer Dutch for “sir” or “Mr.”
mevrouw Dutch for “madam” or “miss”
Multatuli Pseudonym of Eduard Douwes Dekker, an outspoken humanist critic of Dutch colonialism and author of the anticolonial novel Max Havelaar
musyrik Fearing other than God, elevating others to the level of God, giving God partners, idolatry
ndoro A term of address used by a lower-class person when speaking to someone in the feudal class or of similar status
nenenda “Grandfather,” a term of great respect used when speaking to an elderly person, usually of one’s grandparents’ generation or older
nyai The Native concubines of Dutchmen in the Indies
Nyai Dasima The heroine of G. Francis’s popular Malay-language novel
nyo Abbreviated form of sinyo, used to refer to young Dutch boys, or Dutchified Eurasian or Native boys
om “Uncle,” used also as form of address for an unrelated older man
oma Familiar term for “mother,” used as honorific for unrelated older women
pasopati Magical weapon used by Arjuna in the Bharatayuddha
patih The chief executive assistant or minister to a bupati
pendopo A large roofed veranda or reception area at the front of a Javanese dignitary’s residence
penghulu Local chief; (religious) headman
pici Small black velvet cap, originally a sign of Islam
Prambanan A great Hindu temple complex located near the town of Jogjakarta
Priangan A large region in West Java
priyayi Members of the Javanese aristocracy who became the salaried administrators of the Dutch
raden ayu Title for aristocratic Javanese woman, especially the first wife of a bupati
raden mas Raden and mas are titles held by the mass of the middle-ranking members of the Javanese aristocracy; raden mas is the superior title.
raja King
ringgit 21⁄2 rupiah
rodi The right of the government, through the local Native administrators, to require villagers to provide free labor for government or other projects as directed
rujakpolo Mythical weapon used to completely destroy your enemy
rupiah Basic unit of currency (100 cents)
sarekat Of Arabic/Islamic derivation, meaning “union” or “association”
selangka Collarbone
selir The “unofficial wives” of Javanese aristocrats
sembah Homage, tribute, respect, reverence
silat A Malay form of self-defense
sinkeh Term used to refer to a Chinese immigrant
sinse A traditional Chinese healer
sinyo Form of address for young Dutch and Eurasian men or Europeanized Native young men, from the Portuguese senhor
songkok Black Moslem fez
STOVIA School Tot Opleiding van Inlandsche Artsen (School for the Education of Native Doctors); the STOVIA was the only institute of higher learning established by the Dutch colonial authorities during the early twentieth century.
sudara Brother
sudra The lowest Hindu caste; the mass of ordinary people
Sugar Syndicate The sugar planters’ association
Sultan Agung One of the most powerful of the early Moslem rulers of Java
surjan Traditional Javanese topcoat or shirt, worn with a batik sarong
talaq The Moslem divorce procedure whereby a husband can divorce a wife through unilateral decree
talen Dutch East Indies currency, a quarter of a rupiah
tape Fermented rice mixture
taqwa Worship of only one god; fear or awe of God
teukoe An Acehnese title for a traditional leader, sometimes translated as “prince”
Tjoet Nya Dhin A heroine of the Aceh War, the woman who led the Acehnese guerrillas in the last phase of the war against the Dutch; she was captured and exiled to West Java in 1910 and died a year later.
tuan Malay word meaning “master” or “sir”
warung Small shop, booth, or stall
wayang Shadow puppets
wedana The
head of a municipality, one of the lower administrative positions
Marie van Zeggelen Marie van Zeggelen went on to write a number of books sympathetic to the Natives’ struggle for freedom; these included A Biography of Kartini (1908), a book on the struggle of the Buginese, De Onderworpenen (The Vanquished), Gouden Keris (Golden Keris), and Oude Glorie (The Golden Age), about Aceh during its heyday in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.
Pramoedya Ananta Toer, Footsteps
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