*HISTORICAL APPENDIX.*
I. THE HOUSE OF LANCASTER, AND ITS CONNECTION WITH THE HOUSE OF TUDOR.
Catherine, sixth and youngest daughter of Charles VI. King of France,and Isabeau of Bavaria, was born at the Hotel, de St. Pol, Paris, Oct.27th, 1401; and died at Bermondsey Abbey, London, Jan. 3rd, 1437. Shewas buried in Westminster Abbey, after many years of neglect, duringwhich her corpse, dried to the appearance of a mummy, had been made ashow to strangers. Surnamed The Fair. One historian tells us that shewas a most devout woman, perpetually at prayer: but the excessivelywayward, impulsive, selfish character of all her actions during herqueenly life points to the conclusion that this refers exclusively toher later days: as otherwise we should be impelled to the unwelcome butunavoidable surmise that her prayers were allowed to have very littleeffect upon her conduct. She married--
(1) King Henry V. of England, eldest son of Henry IV. and Mary Bohun:born at Monmouth, Aug. 9th, 1387: married at Troyes Cathedral, June 3rd,1420: died at Vincennes, of fever, Aug. 31st, 1432: buried inWestminster Abbey.
(2) Owain, surnamed Twdwr (often contemporaneously spelt Tydier), son ofMeredith ap Twdwr and Margaret, daughter of David Vychan: born atSnowdon, date unknown: wardrobe-keeper to Queen Catherine, whom hemarried in 1428: beheaded, after the battle of Mortimer's Cross, atHereford, Feb. 2nd, 1461: buried in Grey Friars' Church, Hereford.
ISSUE OF CATHERINE OF FRANCE. (A) By Henry V.:--
1. HENRY VI., surnamed _The Holy_, born at Windsor (in directcontravention of his father's orders) Dec. 6th, 1421: deposed Mar. 4th,1461; restored, Oct., 1470; again deposed, Apr. 11th, 1471; died in theTower, London, May 21 [? 27th--see text], 1471: buried first at ChertseyAbbey, afterwards in St. George's Chapel, Windsor.
Though to some extent weak in intellect, and subject, like his maternalgrandfather, to occasional attacks of mental aberration, Henry was, onthe testimony even of his enemies, one of the best men that ever lived.His strongest asseveration was "Forsooth," at a time when it wascustomary for men, and even women, to use profane language in the freestmanner. He was "wholly given to prayer, Scriptures, and alms-deeds." ABishop who was his confessor for ten years, bore witness that he hadduring that time, "never confessed a mortal sin." In person, Henry wasnot handsome, having the large, strongly-marked features of his Valoisancestors: but his hands and feet were extraordinarily small; so much sothat a pair of his boots (still preserved) can only be worn by a womanof slender proportions. His hair and eyes were dark brown. Hemarried--
MARGUERITE, second daughter of Rene of Anjou, King of Naples, andIsabelle of Lorraine: born at Pont a Mousson, Mar. 23rd, 1429, andbaptized in Toul Cathedral: married by proxy, in St. Martin's Church,Tours, Apr. 10th [?], and in person at Titchfield Abbey, Hants, Apr.22nd, 1445: died at Chateau Dampierre, near Saumur, in Normandy, Aug.25th, 1482: buried in Angers Cathedral. The hope expressed in the textas to the Christian character of Marguerite is not a mere baselessimagination. There is evidence showing that in her later years at least,she possessed and was familiar with a French Bible: and in those dayspersons did not, as a rule, read the Scriptures in their own language asa mere matter of form or custom.
(B) By Owain Twdwr:--
2. Tacina (this singular name is authenticated by occurring on thePatent Roll, 32 B. VI.) born 1429-30, married Reginald, 7th Lord Grey deWilton, and left issue.
3. Edmund, born at Hadham, 1431; created Earl of Richmond, Mar. 6th,1453; died Nov. 1-3, 1456; buried, first at Caermarthen, afterwards atSt. David's. Married--
Margaret, only child and heiress of John Beaufort, Duke of Somerset, andMargaret Baroness Beauchamp of Bletshoe: born at Bletshoe, Apr. 1443:married, 1455: [remarried (2) Henry Stafford, Earl of Wiltshire, and (3)Thomas Stanley, Earl of Derby]: died at Westminster, July 5th, 1509 [thedate usually given is June 29th; but her Inquisition gives July 5]:buried in Westminster Abbey. Generally known as Margaret Countess ofRichmond. She is the "Lady Margaret," whose name has been given toprofessorships, lectures, streets, &c.
4. JASPAR, born at Hatfield, about 1432: created Earl of Pembroke, Nov.23rd, 1452, and Duke of Bedford Oct. 28th, 1485: died Dec. 21st, 1495:bur. at Keynsham. According to some writers, his illegitimate daughterHelen married William Gardiner, squire and citizen of London, and wasmother of Stephen Gardiner, Bishop of Winchester. He married (but leftno legitimate issue),
Katherine, daughter of Richard Earl Rivers and Jaquette de St. Pol, andsister of Queen Elizabeth Widville: married at Court, in or before1490-1.
5. Owain, born at Westminster, about 1434; monk in Westminster Abbey.
6. Katherine, or Margaret, born and died 1436.
ISSUE OF HENRY VI.:--
EDWARD, born at Westminster, Oct. 13th, 1453; created Prince of Wales,Mar. 15th, 1454; murdered after battle of Tewkesbury, on the field, May4th, 1471: buried in Tewkesbury Abbey. Married--
ANNE, second and youngest daughter of Richard Neville, Earl of Salisbury(and by courtesy of Warwick) and Anne Beauchamp, Countess of Warwick:born at Warwick Castle, 1454: married at Amboise, July or August, 1470:[re-married to King Richard III.]: died of consumption, at WestminsterPalace, Mar. 16th, 1485: buried in Westminster Abbey. Some writers haveendeavoured to show that the ceremony at Amboise was only a betrothal,and that the actual marriage never took place. The best authors,however, are of the contrary opinion: and the strongest evidence isafforded by the language of Warwick's own henchman, John Rous, whodistinctly terms the Prince "_primus maritus prenobilissimae DominaeAnnae_."
ISSUE OF EDMUND EARL OF RICHMOND:--
King HENRY VII., surnamed _Le Doyen des Rois_: born at Pembroke Castle,July 26th, 1456: died of gout, at Richmond, Apr. 22nd, 1509; buried atWestminster. An interesting portrait of Henry VII. is drawn for us byHumphrey Brereton, who on arriving at
"Beggrames Abbey in Little Britain, Whereas the English Prince did lie,"
was obliged to inquire of the porter how he was to recognise the Earl ofRichmond, to whom he brought letters and money from the PrincessElizabeth.
"He weareth a gown of velvet black, And it is cutted above the knee, With a long visage and pale and black-- Thereby know that Prince may ye: A wart he hath (the porter said), A little alsoe above the chinn, His face is white, his wart is redd, No more than the head of a small pinn."
King Henry VII. married--
Elizabeth, eldest daughter of Edward IV. [See next section.]
II. HOUSE OF YORK.
RICHARD Duke of York, only son of Richard of Conisborough, Earl ofCambridge, and Anne Mortimer: born Sept. 21st, 1410 (Inquisition) 1412(Patent Roll): created Duke of York 1425: killed, battle of Wakefield,Dec. 30th, 1460: buried first at Pomfret, and afterwards at Fotheringay.The only known portrait of this Prince is in the "Neville window" ofPenrith Church: it exhibits him as fair-complexioned and rathergood-looking, wearing a moustache and a small pointed beard. Hemarried--
CICELY, fourth daughter of Ralph Neville, first Earl of Westmoreland,and his second wife Joan Beaufort: surnamed _Proud Cis_, and _The Roseof Raby_: born probably at Raby, date unknown, about 1418: married about1437: died at Berkhamsted Castle, May 31st, 1495: buried at Fotheringay.In the coffin of the Duchess, tied round her neck with a silver ribbon,was found "a pardon from Rome, which, penned in a very fine Roman hand,was as fair and fresh to be read as if it had been written butyesterday." Cicely's portrait will be found with that of her husband inthe church at Penrith: she also is fair and handsome, her facesuggesting more embonpoint than his, and the expression not quite freefrom that haughtiness which might be expected from her character.
THEIR ISSUE:--
1. Henry, born about 1438, godson of Henry VI.; died young.
2. ANNE, born about 1439: married, (1) probably in childhood, Henry deHoland, Duke of Exeter, from whom she was divorced at
her own suit, Nov.12th, 1472: (2) after the death of her elder daughter, and while he wasstill a squire (Inquisition), namely, after Feb. 3rd, 1474 (PatentRoll), Thomas St. Leger, afterwards (before Nov. 28th, 1475) knighted,and made Master of the Hounds (Patent Roll; Harl. MS. 433): died atbirth of younger daughter, Jan. 12th, or 14th, 1476 (Inquisition):buried in St. George's Chapel, Windsor, with second husband, whosurvived her for at least five years. Portrait, in Sandford'sGenealogical History of Kings of England, is not suggestive of beauty.
3. EDWARD IV., surnamed _The Rose of Rouen_: born at Rouen, Apr. 29th,1441; died at Westminster Palace, Apr. 9th, 1483; buried St. George'sChapel, Windsor. News of his death was received at York on the 7th,from which it has been inferred that the date given by all writers, theninth, is a mistake; but the report might be premature. He married--
ELIZABETH, eldest daughter of Richard Widville, Earl Rivers, andJaquette de St. Pol: born at Grafton Regis, probably about 1438:[married (1) about 1452, John Grey, 2nd Lord Grey of Groby]: married (2)at Grafton Regis, May 1st, 1464; died at Bermondsey Abbey, June 7th,1492; buried in St. George's Chapel, Windsor, on Whit Sunday.
4. Edmund, Earl of Rutland, born at Rouen, May 17th, 1443; murdered byLord Clifford, after battle of Wakefield, Dec. 31st, 1460; buried firstat Pomfret, afterwards Fotheringay.
5. William, died young.
6. John, died young.
7. Humphrey, died young.
8. Elizabeth, married, in or before 1463, John de La Pole, Duke ofSuffolk: died 1503.
9. GEORGE, born at Dublin, probably 1450; created Duke of Clarence,1461, Earl of Warwick and Salisbury, Mar. 25th, 1473: died in the Towerof London, Feb. 18th, 1478: buried in Tewkesbury Abbey. Married--
ISABEL, elder daughter of Richard Neville, Earl of Salisbury and (bycourtesy) of Warwick, and Anne Beauchamp, Countess of Warwick: born atWarwick Castle, Sept. 5th, 1451; married in Lady Church, Calais, July11th, 1469: died at Warwick Castle, Dec. 16th, or 22nd, 1476; buried inTewkesbury Abbey.
10. Thomas, born 1451; died young.
11. RICHARD III., born at Fotheringay, Oct. 2nd, 1452, and as is said,with hair and teeth fully grown: surnamed _Crookback_: created Duke ofGloucester, 1461: killed on Bosworth Field, Aug. 22nd, 1485; buried atLeicester. He had dark auburn hair, and dark blue eyes. Married--
ANNE, widow of Edward Prince of Wales [see last section]: married (byforce, against her own consent) in Westminster Abbey, after Feb. 17th,1472 (Paston Letters) and before May 9th, 1474. (Patent Roll.) MissStrickland's suggested date, Mar. 30th, 1473, is probably about the trueone. Portrait in Rous Roll; another engraved in Strickland's _Lives ofthe Queens_.
12. Margaret, born 1453; married, at Damme, in Flanders, July 3rd, 1468,Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy: died at Malines, Nov. 28th, 1503:buried at Malines. Portrait engraved in Paston Letters.
13. Ursula, died young.
ISSUE OF EDWARD IV. AND ELIZABETH WIDVILLE:--
1. Elizabeth, born at Westminster, Feb. 11th, 1466: married to KingHenry VII., Jan. 18th, 1486: died in the Tower, Feb. 11th, 1503: buriedat Westminster. Portrait engraved in Strickland's _Queens_.
2. Mary, born at Windsor, Aug. 14th, 1466; affianced, 1481, to FredericI., King of Denmark; died unmarried, at Greenwich, May 23rd, 1483:buried at Windsor. Her coffin was opened in 1817, when her corpse wasfound in perfect preservation; the hair of "exquisite pale gold," theeyes "a beautiful blue, unclosed and bright."
3. Cicely, born 1469: affianced, Dec. 26th, 1474, to James IV. King ofScotland (broken off): married (1) at Court, before Dec. 1487, JohnViscount Welles; (2) without royal licence, between Feb. 1503 and Jan.1504, Thomas Kyme: died at Quarr Abbey, Isle of Wight, Aug. 24th, 1507:buried at Quarr.
4. EDWARD V., born in the Sanctuary, Westminster, Nov. 4th, 1470:baptized in Westminster Abbey; created Prince of Wales, July 1st, 1471;knighted Apr. 18th, 1475: murdered in Tower of London, after July 6th[exact day much disputed], 1483. Supposed to have been buried in Tower,and afterwards removed to Westminster Abbey.
5. Margaret, born Apr. 10th, and died Dec. 11th, 1472: buried inWestminster Abbey.
6. Richard, born at Shrewsbury, May 28th, 1474, and created Duke ofYork, same day: knighted Apr. 18th, 1475: Earl of Nottingham, EarlMarshal, Jan. 12th, 1477; Duke of Norfolk, Feb. 6th, 1477: died andburied with eldest brother. (There seems to be very little doubt thatthis is the truth, and that Perkin Warbeck was an impostor. It is,however, not improbable that he was an illegitimate son of Edward IV.)Richard Duke of York married--
Anne, only child and heir of John Mowbray, fifth and (of his family)last Duke of Norfolk, and Elizabeth Talbot: born Dec. 10th, 1472,probably at Framlingham: married in St. Stephen's Chapel, Westminster,Jan. 15th, 1477: died young, before her husband: buried at Westminster.
7. Anne, born at Westminster, Nov. 2nd, 1475: married Feb. 4th, 1495,Thomas Howard, second Duke of Norfolk: died between Nov. 22nd, 1510, andFeb. 1512: buried at Framlingham.
8. George, Duke of Bedford: born at Windsor, probably in 1477: diedyoung, before 1482: buried at Windsor.
9. Katherine, born at Eltham, about Aug. or Sept., 1479: married atCourt, before Oct. 1495, William Courtenay, Earl of Devon: vowedwidowhood, July 13th, 1511: died at Tiverton, Nov. 15th, 1527; buried atTiverton.
10. Bridget, born at Eltham, Nov. 10th, 1480: nun at Dartford, 1486-92:died at Dartford, 1517: buried at Dartford.
(_By Elizabeth Lucy_, Edward IV. had two children--
1. Arthur Plantagenet, Viscount Lisle, born at Lille, 1462 and died inthe Tower, Mar. 3rd, 1542, leaving female issue: 2. Elizabeth, marriedto Thomas Lumley, son of George, second Lord Lumley, whom hepredeceased; left issue.)
ISSUE OF GEORGE DUKE OF CLARENCE:--
1. Child, born at sea, off Calais, Apr. 1470: died at birth; buried atCalais.
2. Margaret, born at Farley Castle, Aug. 14th, 1473: married at Court,before 1494, Sir Richard Pole: created Countess of Salisbury (or ratherformally recognised as such by inheritance) Oct. 14th, 1513: beheaded onTower Hill, May 27th, 1541: buried in the Tower. Left issue.
3. Edward, Earl of Warwick: born at Warwick Castle, Feb. 21st, 1475:beheaded on Tower Hill, Nov. 28th, 1499: buried at Bisham.
4. Richard, born at Tewkesbury Abbey, Oct. 6th, 1476: died at WarwickCastle, Jan. 1st, 1477: buried at Warwick.
ISSUE OF RICHARD III. AND ANNE:--
Edward, born at Middleham Castle, 1476 (Rous Roll): created Earl ofSalisbury 1477; Prince of Wales, Aug. 24th, 1483: knighted Sept. 8th,1483: died at Middleham, "an unhappy death," Mar. 31st, 1484: buried atMiddleham.
III. DE HOLAND OF EXETER.
John de Holand, second son (but eventual heir) of John, first Duke ofExeter, and Elizabeth of Lancaster (sister of Henry IV.): born Mar.29th, 1396 (Inquisition): created Duke of Exeter, in consequence of hisfather's attainder, 1443: beheaded on Goodwin Sands, Aug. 5th, 1447;buried in Church of St. Catherine by the Tower, London. Inventor of therack,[#] long called "the Duke of Exeter's daughter." Married--
[#] I am anxious to correct here a mistake into which I fell in a noteto the early editions of _Lettice Eden_, where it is suggested that theDuke of Exeter who invented the rack might have been Henry himself. Thetestimony of dates made that appear probable which I have nowascertained was certainly not the case: and the characters of the twoDukes were less known to me at that time.
(A) Anne, daughter of Edmund Earl of Stafford and Princess Anne ofGloucester: widow of Edmund Mortimer, last Earl of March: married 1439:died Sept. 20th or 24th, 1433 (Inquisition): buried in Church of St.Katherine by the Tower.
(B) Briatiz, natural daughter of D. Joam I., King of Portugal, and widowof Thomas 13th Earl of Arundel: marriage licence dated Jan. 20th, 1433(Patent Roll): died Oct. 23rd, 1439: buried at Arundel.
(C) Anne, daughter of John de Montacute, third Earl of Salisbury, andMaud Francis: widow of (1) Sir Richard Hankford, and (2) Sir JohnFitzlewes: died Nov. 28th, 1457 (Inquisition): buried i
n Church of St.Katherine by the Tower. There are certain items of bequest, andpeculiarities of expression, by which Lollardism may always be detectedin the last will of any person: and the testament of Anne Montacutebears a decidedly Lollard tone, as beseemed her martyred father'sdaughter.
His ISSUE. By _Anne Stafford_:--
1. HENRY, third and last Duke of Exeter: born in the Tower, June 27th,1430, and baptized same day in St. Stephen's Chapel, Westminster, hissponsors being King Henry VI., Cardinal Beaufort, and his grandmother,Princess Anne, Countess of Stafford (Prob. AEt. 36 Hen. VI. 43):drowned, in sea between Dover and Calais, body cast ashore at Dover,date unknown, authorities differing greatly: some give 1473, some 1474,some 1475. He was very likely buried at Dover. No portrait known. Hemarried--
ANNE, eldest sister of Edward IV. [See first section.]
2. (_By Anne Montacute_.) Anne, born 1440-1, married (1) in infancy,before Feb. 5th, 1442 (_Patent Roll_) John, Lord Neville of Raby: hedied while she was still a child, 1451, and she married (2) by Papaldispensation, about 1456, his uncle, Sir John Neville: (3) 1473, James,9th and last Earl Douglas: date of death unknown: buried in BlackFriars' Church, London.
ISSUE OF HENRY DUKE OF EXETER:--
ANNE, probably born about 1455: married Thomas Grey of Groby, son ofJohn Lord Grey and Queen Elizabeth Widville. Miss Strickland says thatthe marriage took place at Greenwich, in October, 1466, but gives noauthority. There may have been a formal betrothal at that date, but theexact date of the marriage is extremely doubtful. On the one hand, theroyal assent to the marriage-settlements, which in all ordinary casespreceded the marriage, is dated Jan. 4th, 1473 (Patent Roll, 12 Edw.IV., Part 2): yet mention is therein made of Anne as the wife of ThomasGrey, which would seem to indicate that the ceremony had already takenplace. If Thomas Grey were really created Earl of Huntingdon on the 4thof August, 1471, the fact would imply a strong probability that he wasthen married to Anne, or at least on the immediate eve of marriage.Lady Anne Grey was dead on July 18th, 1474, when negotiations wereentered into for the second marriage of her husband (Patent Roll, 12Edw. IV., Part 2). Portrait and place of burial unknown; characterimaginary.
IV. NEVILLE OF WARWICK.
Richard Neville, eldest son of Ralph, first Earl of Westmoreland, andhis second wife Joan Beaufort: born 1400, created Earl of Salisbury,Feb. 1st, 1439: beheaded at Pomfret, Christmas, 1462: buried at Bisham,Feb. 15th, 1463. Married--
Alesia, eldest daughter and heir of Thomas de Montacute, fourth Earl ofSalisbury, and Alianora de Holand: born 1407, married in or before 1439;died 1463, buried at Bisham Feb. 15th.
THEIR ISSUE:--
1. Joan, married William Earl of Arundel after Aug. 17th, 1438, when hismarriage was granted to her father (Patent Roll), and before May 10th,1459.
2. Cicely, married, 1434, Henry Beauchamp, Duke of Warwick: died July28th, 1450. (Dugdale says that she married, secondly, 1448-9, JohnTiptoft, Earl of Worcester: but this is doubtful.)
3. RICHARD, Earl of Warwick, surnamed the _King-Maker_; killed atBarnet, Easter Sunday, Apr. 14th, 1471; buried at Bisham. Married--
ANNE, daughter and eventual heir of Richard Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick,and his second wife Isabel Baroness Le Despenser: born at Caversham,July 13th, 1429: married 1434: died between 1490 and Michaelmas 1493.
4. Thomas, killed at Wakefield, and buried at Bisham Feb. 15th, 1463.Married (but left no issue),
Maud, daughter and heir of Richard Stanhope, knight: married after May10th, 1459; died Aug. 30th, 1497: buried at Tateshale.
5. JOHN, born before May 14th, 1431 (Patent Roll), created Earl ofNorthumberland on defection of the Percys, and on resigning that title,Marquis of Montague, Mar. 25th, 1470: killed at Barnet, Apr. 14th, 1471:buried at Bisham. Married--
Isabel, daughter and heir of Sir Edmund Ingoldesthorp: married beforeJuly 19th, 1459 (Close Roll): [re-married Sir William Norris ofYattenden]: died 1477, and buried at Bisham.
6. GEORGE, Bishop of Exeter Nov. 25th, 1455. Lord Chancellor, 1460;Archbishop of York consecrated June 17th, 1465: died 1476.
7. Alesia, married, Henry Lord Fitzhugh: living June 1st, 1475 (PatentRoll).
8. Eleanor, married about 1459, Thomas Stanley, first Earl of Derby:buried in Church of St. James, Garlick-hithe.
9. Ralph, died young.
10. Katherine, married (1) after May 10th, 1459, William Lord Bonvile(2) before July 18th, 1461 (Patent Roll) William Lord Hastings: died inor after 1503: buried at Ashby-de-la-Zouche. She was mother of CicelyBonvile, second wife of Thomas Grey, Marquis of Dorset.
11. Robert, died young.
12. Margaret, married after 1458, John de Vere, thirteenth Earl ofOxford: died after 1486; buried at Earl's Colne.
ISSUE OF RICHARD EARL OF WARWICK:--
1. ISABEL, Duchess of Clarence [see second section],
2. ANNE, Princess of Wales and Queen [see second section].
ISSUE OF JOHN MARQUIS MONTAGUE:--
1. George, created Duke of Bedford, Jan. 5th, 1470, and affianced toPrincess Elizabeth: died minor, May 4th, 1483: buried at Sheriff Hutton.
2. John, probably died young, and buried at Salston.
3. Anne, married (1) Sir William Stonor (2) ... Fortescue: dead, Nov.14th, 1494 (Inquisition).
4. Elizabeth, married (1) Thomas Lord Scrope of Masham (2) Sir HenryWentworth: died Sept. 20th, 1517: buried Black Friars' Church, London.
5. Margaret, married (1) before Nov. 14th, 1494 (Inquisition) Sir JohnMortimer, (2) Robert Downes, (3) in or before 1507, Charles Brandon Dukeof Suffolk: died Jan. 21st, 1528 (Inquisition).
6. Lucy, married (1) before Nov. 14th, 1494 (Inquisition) Sir ThomasFitzwilliam, (2) Sir Anthony Browne; died at Bagshot, Mar. 25th, 1533,buried at Bisham, 31st. (Harl. MS. 897, fol. 76.)
7. Isabel, aged 23, Nov. 14th, 1494 (Inquisition): married, (1) RanulphDacre (2) before Nov 14th, 1494, William Huddlestone, Esq., (3) SirWilliam Smith: died in or before 1516-7.
V. EXPENDITURE OF EDWARD IV.
Only three of this King's Issue Rolls are extant for the period coveredby the story--for the Easter and Michaelmas terms of 1469, and for theEaster term of 1471. They are unpublished, and a few of the moreremarkable items can scarcely fail to be interesting.
For the Easter term (March to September) of 1469, the personal expensesof the King were--for wardrobe (purchase of silk, cloth, &c.), L123116s. 3-1/2d.: and for jewels, L744 13s. 4d.: those of the Queen, L2097s.: of the "Lady Princess" (though her "diet" and that of the chaplainsis reckoned together,) L100. The expenses, board, and safekeeping ofHenry VI. are set down at L146 13s. 4d. The keep of four lions, two inSpain, and two in the Tower, costs L10. L33 6s. 8d., divided amongthree Orders of Friars, suffices for the royal alms.
The account for the Michaelmas term contains less worth noting. We are,however, there told that the annual allowance to the Queen, "consideringthe great expense of Elizabeth and Mary our daughters," was L400. Thereare entries of L33 6s. 8d. for "the diet and custody of Henry Beaufordin the Tower"--namely, the Duke of Somerset--and of L13 3s. 6d. for theclothing of Henry Percy, also a prisoner in the Tower.
But never was a state paper penned of deeper interest than the one Rollextant for 1471--for those six months which included the battles ofBarnet and Tewkesbury, the murders of King Henry and his son, themassacre (for it can be called by no lighter term) of the Lancastriannobles, and the imprisonment of Queen Marguerite and the young Princessof Wales. The business-like entry on May 16th,--"To the Lord King, inhis chamber, at Tewkesbury, fifty shillings"--strikes the reader withsomething like a shudder, from the fearful contrast between the scenesthat were passing at Tewkesbury and that fifty shillings squandered onsome frivolous pleasure. The items of expenditure run as follows:--
Expenses of the Queen (one item including "the victualling of the Tower") . . . . . . . . . . . . . . L1
77 18s. 3 1/2d. Plate, gold and silver . . . . . . . . . 223 15s. 4d. Jewellery and goldsmiths' work . . . . . 55 1s. 9d. Wardrobe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1905 14s. 6d. Armour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3s. 4d. Horse, a Spanish jennet . . . . . . . . 10 0s. 0d. Travelling expenses . . . . . . . . . . 9 19s. 0d. Wine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 13s. 0d. Paid to Florentine merchants . . . . . . 6266 13s. 4d. Household expenses . . . . . . . . . . . 26,536 9s. 0d. Expenses of the King's chamber (gifts, trinkets, bets, and all sundries) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9456 10s. Divine service . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Alms and oblations . . . . . . . . . . . 4 6s. 8d.
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,885 14s. 6 1/2d.
There is a further entry of L135, paid for various articles, of whichjewels and medicine are alone indicated; and also of L180 paid to HenryLord Grey, to discharge all the King's debts to him.
These are simply the private expenses, no military nor state chargesbeing quoted, except in the one instance where the victualling of theTower and the Queen's expenses are entered together at L124 10s., and itis impossible to say what proportion of the sum referred to either. Thelist speaks for itself.
VI. FICTITIOUS PERSONS.
Those introduced in this story are the members of the Marnell and Carewfamilies, the waiting-women of the Countess of Warwick and Duchess ofExeter (Mistress Grisacres excepted), and the relatives of John Goose,who is himself a real person: Father Alcock, Master Rotherham, and theBanasters. The name and office of John Combe are historical. Thecharacter ascribed to the Duke of Exeter is historical in all but itsreligious aspect, where it is probable only: that sketched for hisdaughter is entirely fictitious. That of Sir Thomas St. Leger restsalso to some extent on probabilities. All other historical persons aredrawn from life.
The names of such individuals as figure in the story are printed insmall capitals in the Appendix to assist identification. Whereauthorities are given within brackets for dates, either the dates are(to my knowledge) hitherto unpublished, or they are corrections fromfirst-class authorities of incorrect dates usually given.
VII. THE OATH OF SUBMISSION.
It may interest some readers to see the exact terms of the oath taken ona man's return to his allegiance, as recorded upon the Close Roll for1469.
"Sovereign Lord, I, Herry Percy, becom your subgette and liegeman, andpromyt to God and you that hereafter of faith and trouth shall bear toyou, as to my sovereign liege lord, and to your heirs, Kings of England,of life and limb and of erthlye worship, for to live and die ayenst allearthly people; and to you and to your commandments I shall be obeisant,as God me help and his holy evangelists."
For a man to swear this unconditional oath was styled "putting himselfin the King's mercy."
VIII. THOMAS GREY, MARQUIS OF DORSET.
While these pages were passing through the press, I discovered an entryon the first part of the Patent Roll for 1 Ric. III., which, if onequarter of its statements be true, shows Dorset to have been one of thevilest men that ever walked the earth. One offence in particular, ofwhich all the chroniclers accuse Lord Hastings (a most unlikely man), isthere distinctly charged upon Dorset, while Hastings is not evenmentioned in connection with the subject. The pardon issued on thecoronation of Richard III. excepted Dorset on the ground of hisdisgraceful character.
* * * * * * * *
*Stories of English Life.*
*BY EMILY S. HOLT.*
A.D. 597
I. Imogen: A TALE OF THE EARLY BRITISH CHURCH.
A.D. 1066
II. Behind the Veil: A STORY OF THE NORMAN CONQUEST.
A.D. 1159
III. One Snowy Night; OR, LONG AGO AT OXFORD.
A.D. 1189
IV. Lady Sybil's Choice: A TALE OF THE CRUSADES.
A.D. 1214
V. Earl Hubert's Daughter; OR, THE POLISHING OF THE PEARL.
A.D. 1325
VI. In all Time of our Tribulation: THE STORY OF PIERS GAVESTONE.
A.D. 1350
VII. The White Lady of Hazelwood: THE WARRIOR COUNTESS OF MONTFORT.
A.D. 1352
VIII. Countess Maud; OR, THE CHANGES OF THE WORLD.
A.D. 1360
IX. In Convent Walls: THE STORY OF THE DESPENSERS.
A.D. 1377
X. John De Wycliffe, AND WHAT HE DID FOR ENGLAND.
A.D. 1384
XI. The Lord Mayor: A TALK OF LONDON IN 1384.
A.D. 1390
XII. Under One Sceptre: THE STORY OF THE LORD OF THE MARCHES
A.D. 1400
XIII. The White Rose of Langley; OR, THE STORY OF CONSTANCE LE DESPENSER.
A.D. 1400
XIV. Mistress Margery: A TALE OF THE LOLLARDS.
A.D. 1400
XV. Margery's Son; OR, UNTIL HE FIND IT.
A.D. 1470
XVI. Red and White; OR, THE WARS OF THE ROSES.
A.D. 1480
XVII. The Tangled Web: A TALE OF THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY.
A.D. 1515
XVIII. The Harvest of Yesterday: A TALE OF THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY.
A.D. 1530
XIX. Lettice Eden; OR, THE LAMPS OF EARTH AND THE LIGHTS OF HEAVEN.
A.D. 1535
XX. Isoult Barry of Wynscote: A TALE OF TUDOR TIMES.
A.D. 1544
XXI. Through the Storm; OR, THE LORD'S PRISONERS.
A.D. 1555
XXII. Robin Tremayne: A TALE OF THE MARIAN PERSECUTION.
A.D. 1556
XXIII. All's Well; OR, ALICE'S VICTORY.
A.D. 1556
XXIV. The King's Daughters. HOW TWO GIRLS KEPT THE FAITH.
A.D. 1569
XXV. Sister Rose; OR, THE EVE OF ST. BARTHOLOMEW.
A.D. 1579
XXVI. Joyce Morrell's Harvest: A STORY OF THE REIGN OF ELIZABETH.
A.D. 1588
XXVII. Clare Avery: A STORY OF THE SPANISH ARMADA.
A.D. 1605
XXVIII. It Might Have Been: THE STORY OF GUNPOWDER PLOT.
A.D. 1635
XXIX. Minster Lovel: A STORY OF THE DAYS OF LAUD.
A.D. 1662
XXX. Wearyholme; A STORY OF THE RESTORATION.
A.D. 1712
XXXI. The Maiden's Lodge; OR, THE DAYS OF QUEEN ANNE.
A.D. 1745
XXXII. Out in the Forty-five; OR, DUNCAN KEITH'S VOW.
A.D. 1750
XXXIII. Ashcliffe Hall: A TALE OF THE LAST CENTURY.
XXXIV. A.D. 1556
For the Master's Sake; OR, THE DAYS OF QUEEN MARY.
A.D. 1345
The Well in the Desert. AN OLD LEGEND.
XXXV. A.D. 1559
All for the Best; OR, BERNARD GILPIN'S MOTTO.
A.D. 1560
At the Grene Griffin: A TALE OF THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY.
XXXVI. A.D. 1270
Our Little Lady; OR, SIX HUNDRED YEARS AGO
A.D. 1652
Gold that Glitters; OR, THE MISTAKES OF JENNY LAVENDER.
XXXVII. A.D. 1290
A Forgotten Hero: THE STORY OF ROGER DE MORTIMER.
A.D. 1266
Princess Adelaide: A STORY OF THE SIEGE OF KENILWORTH.
XXXVIII. 1ST CENTURY.
T
he Slave Girl of Pompeii.
2ND CENTURY.
The Way of the Cross. TALES OF THE EARLY CHURCH
A.D. 870 to 1580
XXXIX. Lights in the Darkness: BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.
A.D. 1873
XL. Verena. SAFE PATHS AND SLIPPERY BYE-WAYS. A Story of To-day.
LONDON: JOHN F. SHAW AND CO.,
48 PATERNOSTER ROW.
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