160 heavy sorrowful, terrible
163 piteous worthy of pity
171 inly inward
171 gripes grips
172 weeping-ripe on the verge of tears
176 gentle-hearted noble-hearted/tender-hearted Act 2 Scene 1
2.1 Location: the borders of Wales
2.1 power army
4 ta'en taken, captured
9 resolved satisfied, informed
10 Where ... become what has become of our very valiant father 11 range move, wander
12 forth out
13 bore him conducted himself
14 neat cattle
16 pinched bitten, tormented
17 aloof at a distance
20 prize privilege, reward
21 opes opens
24 Trimmed adorned, decked out
24 younker fashionable young man
24 prancing posturing, nimbly dancing for
25 suns the emblem of Edward III and Richard II consisted of the sun's rays emerging above clouds 27 racking drifting, scudding
28 severed separate
32 figures foretells, prefigures
34 cites summons
36 meeds merits
38 overshine illuminate, shine on/outshine, surpass 38 this this phenomenon
40 target shield
41 daughters Richard plays on suns/"sons"
42 breeder woman
42 blowing out of breath
43 heavy serious, sad
46 Whenas when
50 Environed surrounded
51 hope of Troy Hector, the mighty warrior who defended the city of Troy against the invasion of the Greeks 53 Hercules semidivine hero of classical mythology, famed for his strength 59 despite contempt, scorn, mockery
62 harmless innocent
63 rough cruel, violent
69 stay support
70 boist'rous brutal
74 soul's palace i.e. body
75 she i.e. his soul
78 more joy joy anymore
82 wind breath
87 venge avenge
90 chair seat of authority as duke; also, claim to the throne 92 eagle's ... sun eagles were thought to be able to gaze unblinkingly at the sun and to test their young by making them do so 94 that the sun (i.e. kingship)
95 What fare? What is the state of things?
95 abroad in the world
97 baleful deadly
98 poniards daggers
103 stern cruel
105 measure quantity
106 sith since
107 Wakefield town in West Yorkshire
108 latest last
109 posts messengers
110 depart death
111 keeper guard
113 St Albans town about twenty-five miles north of London 114 in my behalf for my own interests
115 advertised notified, warned
117 dash overturn
117 late recent
118 Touching regarding
120 battles armies
121 coldness indifference, apathy
122 full very, extremely
123 heated spleen fiery passion
125 rigour cruelty, severity
128 like to like
130 flail instrument used to thresh corn, consisting of a staff from which a shorter pole swings 139 marches borders of Wales
140 Making another head raising another army
145 aunt ... Burgundy this granddaughter of John of Gaunt was in fact a distant cousin 146 needful needing reinforcements
147 'Twas odds, belike the odds were probably very unfavorable 148 in pursuit for pursuing the enemy
149 scandal of retire notoriety for retreating 153 wring wrench
153 awful awe-inspiring
161 Numb'ring counting
161 Ave Maries Hail Marys, prayers frequently recited over a rosary 161 beads rosary (beads used as prompts in the reciting of prayers) 163 Tell proclaim/count (with sword strokes rather than prayers) 165 therefore for that reason
167 Attend listen, pay attention to
168 haught haughty, arrogant
170 wrought worked, molded
172 enrolled officially recorded
173 crew body of men, gang
174 frustrate annul
174 what beside anything else
175 make work, be used
181 via "onward" (Italian)
182 bestride straddle
187 'Retire!' Withdraw!
190 forfend forbid
192 degree rank/step
203 Saint George patron saint of England
206 puissant host powerful army
207 craves requests
208 sorts arranges itself
Act 2 Scene 2
2.2 Location: outside the city walls of York
2.2 Drum and Trumpets drummer and trumpeters 1 brave splendid
5 wreck shipwreck
6 irks distresses, troubles
9 lenity mildness
14 spoils slaughters, destroys
19 level aim
20 knit furrows
22 raise promote (the rank of; plays on the sense of "conceive, bring into existence") 22 issue offspring
22 sire father
23 goodly fine, excellent
25 argued thee demonstrated, suggested that you were 26 Unreasonable brute, not endowed with reason
27 fearful frightening
28 tender young/vulnerable
33 precedent example
34 pity a disaster, a shame
38 fondly foolishly
39 shame disgrace, dishonor
41 melting i.e. soft, compassionate
44 Inferring offering, adducing
46 ill-got wrongfully gained
46 success outcome
47 happy fortunate (i.e. in his inheritance)
48 hoarding i.e. of goods, money
51 rate cost
52 care troubles, burdensome responsibilities
52 keep maintain, defend, protect
56 nigh near
57 faint lose heart
58 forward promising, precocious
59 dub create a knight (by touching the shoulders with a sword while the knight kneeled before the monarch) 59 presently immediately
62 right righteousness, a just cause
64 apparent heir
66 toward bold, promising
69 backing of supporting
72 Deraign set in order, prepare
72 battle army Clarence [George] George is not in fact made Duke of Clarence until Act 2 Scene 6
83 bide undergo/await
83 mortal fatal
84 rate rebuke, berate
84 minions favorites/servants
97 he man
97 sort gang
102 long-tongued i.e. prattling
105 legs ... hands i.e. in fleeing rather than fighting 109 durst dared
110 reverently in great esteem, in respect
111 parley conversation, exchange/negotiation between opposing sides 111 refrain hold back
112 execution carrying out, enacting (of feelings; plays on sense of "putting to death") 112 big-swol'n i.e. with anger, grief, revenge 115 dastard coward
116 tender young
123 still silent
125 him ... all i.e. God
125 resolved convinced, satisfied
126 lies plays on the sense of "deceives"
126 upon his tongue i.e. only in his words 128 broke their fasts breakfasted, i.e. started the day 130 deny refuse
134 got begot, conceived, fathered
135 wot know
136 dam mother
137 stigmatic one marked with a physical deformity or blemish 138 Marked branded
138 destinies i.e. fate (in classical mythology, the three Fates who controlled the birth, life, and death of all) 139 venom poisonous
140 Naples Margaret was the daughter of Reignier, the titular King of Naples gilt gold veneer (i.e. marriage to an Englishman); puns on "guilt"
142 channel stream/gutter
143 Sham'st thou not are you not ashamed
143 extraught descended
144 detect reveal
145 wisp of straw scolds (verbally abusive women) were traditionally made to wear a straw garland as a means of publicly shaming them 146 callet scold/whore
148 Helen ... Menelaus Helen of Troy was allegedly the most beautiful woman in the world; she betrayed her husband, Menelaus, King of Sparta and Agamemnon's brother, when Paris carried her off and provoked the Trojan war 149 Agamemnon's brother Menelaus
151 His father i.e. Henry V
151 revelled made merry, had his will
153 he i.e. Henry VI
153 matched married state social standing, rank 156 graced ... sire honored your impoverished father 156 his i.e. Henry VI's
158 forth out
159 sedition turbulence, violence, rebellion
160 broached set flowing, initiated
161 title claim to the throne
161 still always
163 slipped passed over, left unasserted
164 our ... spring i.e. that we were not benefiting from your prosperity/that our favor was making you successful rather than ourselves 165 increase harvest, yield
167 something somewhat, to some extent
173 denied'st forbade, refused to allow
Act 2 Scene 3
2.3 Location: the battlefield, near York Excursions bouts of fighting across the stage 1 Forspent exhausted
2 breathe rest, draw breath
5 spite of spite come what may
8 hap fortune
12 Bootless pointless, useless
15 brother's i.e. Warwick's illegitimate half brother, Thomas Neville 18 Like to like
18 dismal ominous
18 clangour ringing, reverberation
21 fetlocks the parts of a horse's legs just above the hooves 27 upon on
28 played in jest pretend, make-believe, performed for entertainment 28 counterfeiting imitating, pretending
32 measure due proportion, full quantity
36 throw i.e. give over, dedicate
36 thee i.e. God
38 stands agrees
40 brazen strong (as brass)
40 ope open
51 to by
52 thrive succeed/live
53 Olympian games held every four years in honor of the supreme Greek god Zeus; winners were honored with olive garlands 56 Forslow delay amain speedily Act 2 Scene 4
1 singled thee alone isolated you from the rest (hunting term for separating a deer from the herd) 4 Wert thou were you, even if you were
11 have at thee i.e. here I come (standard utterance at the opening of a fight) 12 chase prey
Act 2 Scene 5
3 What that
3 blowing ... nails i.e. warming his hands by blowing on them/having nothing much to do 3 of on
4 perfect complete
9 flood sea
13 poise balance
13 fell fierce, cruel
17 chid driven with rebukes
22 homely swain simple rustic
24 dials sundials
24 quaintly skillfully, intricately
27 brings about conclude
34 sport enjoy, entertain
35 with young pregnant
36 ean give birth
39 they for which they
43 silly simple/helpless
44 canopy i.e. one above a bed, throne, or carried over the king in a procession 47 curds cheeselike foodstuff made from coagulated milk 49 wonted usual, accustomed
50 secure carefree, safe
51 delicates luxuries, delicacies
52 viands food
53 curious finely, skillfully made
54 care anxiety, troubles
54 waits on attends (like a servant)/lies in wait for 57 possessed with in possession of
57 crowns gold coins
58 haply by chance/with luck
62 unwares unknowingly, unintentionally
63 heavy sorrowful
64 pressed conscripted, enlisted compulsorily
65 man servant
66 part side
75 abide endure
78 o'ercharged overburdened
79 stoutly bravely
85 Throw up open
89 stratagems violent, bloody deeds
90 Erroneous wrongful, criminal
93 late recently, early
95 stay stop, prevent
95 ruthful piteous, lamentable
97 on his face in his complexion
99 purple deep red
100 presenteth represents, imitates
102 contend compete, fight
104 Take on with rage against, cry out on
107 chances fortunes, events
108 Misthink think badly of
109 rued regretted, lamented
114 winding-sheet burial shroud
118 obsequious dutiful in performing funeral rites 120 Priam ... sons Priam, King of Troy, had fifty sons, all of whom were killed in the Trojan war 123 overgone overcome, worn out
126 chafed provoked, angered
128 Berwick Berwick-upon-Tweed, town on the Scotland-England border 128 post amain ride with extreme haste
129 brace pair
131 very absolute
133 hence amain leave quickly
135 expostulate remonstrate, debate (the matter) Act 2 Scene 6
5 My ... fear love for and fear of me
6 commixtures compounds (produced by love and fear) 7 misproud wrongfully proud, treacherously arrogant 9 sun i.e. Edward's emblem
11 Phoebus the sun god
13 Phaethon ... earth Phoebus' son, who was unable to control (check) the horses that drew his father's sun-chariot (car), burned part of the earth and was killed 14 swayed ruled
16 ground advantage
20 chair throne
21 cherish nurture
23 Bootless are plaints laments are useless
28 effuse loss, effusion
28 retreat trumpet or drum call signaling retreat 31 breathe rest, pause
35 fretting sporadic, blustery/impatient, nagging 36 Command compel, force
36 argosy large merchant ship
36 stem cut through
39 his may refer to either Clifford or Richard
40 marked destined/wounded
42 heavy sorrowful
43 departing separation, parting
45 gently used treated honorably
46 doom judgment, sentence
50 spray branch, offshoot
54 this ... room Clifford's head fill the place 55 Measure due proportion/retribution/justice
56 fatal screech-owl owl (i.e. Clifford) whose cry foretold death to our family 56 house family
57 nothing sung has sung nothing
58 dismal ominous
59 ill-boding evil-predicting, ominous
60 bereft gone
62 beams eye-beams (thought to radiate from the eyes and enable sight) 63 nor neither
65 policy strategy, cunning
68 eager sharp, biting
71 faults crimes
75 fence protect
76 wast wont used to do, were accustomed to
77 goes hard is harsh, tough
81 despite malice, anger
81 rail rant, insult
82 This i.e. the other
83 Stifle choke
83 unstanched insatiable
86 rear raise
89 cut cross
90 ask ask for
90 lady Bona daughter of the Duke of Savoy; her sister was married to King Louis XI of France 91 sinew unite, tie closely
95 buzz spread rumors, agitate
99 Even just
100 in thy shoulder i.e. relying on your support 100 seat throne
102 wanting lacking
107 ominous the three previous dukes of Gloucester had all met violent deaths
Act 3 Scene 1
3.1 Location: a forest in northern England, near the Scottish
border
3.1 Keepers gamekeepers
1 brake thicket, bush
2 laund clearing, glade
2 anon soon
3 covert concealed spot
3 stand hiding place from which to shoot
4 principal superior, best
7 shoot shot
9 for so
11 self-place same place
13 of out of
14 wishful longing
17 balm consecrated oil with which the monarch was anointed at coronation 18 Caesar emperor, ruler
19 speak for right ask for justice
20 redress of aid from
22 keeper's fee the horns and skin of a slain deer were customarily given to the park's gamekeeper 23 quondam former
27 Forbear desist
30 crave ask for
30 sister sister-in-law
33 subtle skillful, cunning
34 Lewis Louis XI
37 batt'ry assault, bombardment/breach, entry
40 Nero notoriously cruel Roman emperor
40 tainted tinged, touched (unnaturally in such a cruel man) 41 plaints laments, pleas
41 brinish salty
48 tells his title recounts the rightfulness of Edward's claims to the throne 48 smooths glosses over
49 Inferreth presents, adduces
49 arguments evidence
51 what whatever
54 forlorn neglected, destitute
63 stones jewels
71 apprehend arrest
75 country region
81 but only
82 a as a
83 simple foolish
86 Obeying with obeying, following
86 wind breath
89 lightness lack of weight/fickleness
97 charge order
Act 3 Scene 2
3.2 Location: the royal court, London
1 field battlefield
2 Richard historically John
4 suit petition, entreaty
4 repossess regain possession of
6 of on behalf of
12 thing plays on the sense of "vagina"
14 game animal being hunted/woman being pursued sexually true ... wind determinedly he remains downwind of the prey (so that it cannot scent him) 18 brook endure
19 resolve answer
20 pleasure will (plays on the sense of "sexual desire") 20 satisfy content (plays on the sense of "satisfy sexually") 21 warrant guarantee, assure
22 An if if
23 closer closer to the enemy, so as to contain and avoid his thrusts (with sexual suggestion) 23 blow hit/sexual thrust
24 fear her not do not fear for her
24 fall stumble in the fight/succumb sexually/become pregnant 25 vantages superior position in fighting/sexual opportunity 27 beg ... her request legal guardianship of one of her children (this could generate financial profit for the guardian)/get her pregnant 28 whip me a mild oath
32 dread revered
33 give us leave give us privacy try test
33 wit intellect (probably also "genitals")
34 good ... leave enjoy your privacy for you will take liberties 35 the crutch i.e. old age (puns on "crotch")
41 Therefore for that reason
44 service i.e. as a subject/sexually
45 rests in me is in my power
46 boon request
47 except unless
48 do plays on the sense of "perform sexually"
50 plies her hard works on her persistently/works on her sexually with an erect penis 51 red hot
53 task duty, job/sexual action
57 match agreement/sexual encounter
58 fruits of love i.e. sex (Lady Grey understands "the obedience and devotion of a subject") 61 sue entreat, beg/woo