says he belongs to Malley Bradford, living in Issaqueen County, Mississippi. The

  owner of said slave is requested to come forward, prove property, pay charges, and

  take him away, or he will be dealt with as the law directs.

  Nov. 10--w4t. W. H. Eanes, Jailer of Shelby County.

  Was committed to the jail of Shelby County, on the 30th ult., a negro woman,

  who says her name is NANCY; of a bright complexion, some 20 or 21 years of

  age, will weigh about one hundred and forty pounds, about five feet high, no scars,

  and says she belongs to John Pittman, living in Memphis, Tenn. The owner of

  said slave is requested to come forward, prove property, pay charges, and take her

  away, or she will be dealt with as the law directs.

  Nov. 10--w4t. W. H. Eanes, Jailer of Shelby County.

  Negro property is decidedly “brisk” in this county.

  Natchez (Miss.) Free Trader, November 6, 1852.

  Ran away from the undersigned, on the 17th day of October, 1852, a negro man,

  by the name of ALLEN, about 23 years old, near six feet high, of dark mulatto

  colour; no marks, save one, and that caused by the bite of a dog; had on, when he

  left, Lowell pants, and cotton shirt; reads imperfectly, can make a short calculation

  correctly, and can write some few words: said negro has run away heretofore, and

  when taken up was in possession of a free pass. He is quick-spoken, lively, and

  smiles when in conversation.

  I will give the above reward to any one who will confine said negro in any jail

  so that I can get him.

  Thos. R. Cheatham.

  Nov. 6--3t.

  Newberry Sentinel (S. C.), Nov. 17, 1852.

  RANAWAY from the subscriber, on the 9th of July last, my boy WILLIAM

  a bright mulatto, about 26 years old, 5 feet 9 or 10 inches high, of slender make

  quite intelligent, speaks quick when spoken to, and walks briskly. Said boy was

  brought from Virginia and will probably attempt to get back. Any information

  of said boy will be thankfully received.

  John M. Mars.

  Near Mollohon P. O., Newberry Dist., S. C.

  Nov. 3 414t.

  *Raleigh Register and Richmond Enquirer will copy four times weekly, and

  send bills to this office.

  Greensboro' Patriot (N. C.), Nov. 6.

  RANAWAY from my service, in February, 1851, a coloured man named

  EDWARD WINSLOW low, thick-set, part Indian, and a first-rate fiddler. Said

  Winslow was sold out of Guilford jail, at February Court, 1851, for his prison

  charges, for the term of five years. It is supposed that he is at work on the Rail-

  road, somewhere in Davidson county. The above reward will be paid for his appre-

  hension and confinement in the jail of Guilford, or any of the adjoining counties,

  so that I get him, or for his delivery to me in the south-east corner of Guilford.

  My post-office is Long's Mills, Randolph, N. C.

  P. C. Smith.

  October 27, 1852. 702--5w.

  The New Orleans True Delta, of the 11th ult., 1853, has the

  following editorial notice:

  The Great Raffle of a Trotting Horse and a Negro Servant.--The

  enterprising and go-a-head Col. Jennings has got a raffle under way now, which

  eclipses all his previous undertakings in that line. The prizes are the celebrated

  trotting-horse “Star,” buggy and harness, and a valuable negro servant--the latter

  valued at nine hundred dollars. See his advertisement in another column.

  The advertisement is as follows:

  Respectfully informs his friends and the public, that, at the request of many of

  his acquaintances, he has been induced to purchase from Mr. Osborn, of Missouri,

  the celebrated dark bay horse “Star,” age five years, square trotter, and warranted

  sound, with a new light trotting Buggy and Harness; also the stout mulatto girl

  “Sarah,” aged about twenty years, general house-servant, valued at nine hundred

  dollars, and guaranteed; will be raffled for at 4 o'clock, p. m., February 1st, at any

  hotel selected by the subscribers.

  The above is as represented, and those persons who may wish to engage in the

  usual practice of raffling will, I assure them, be perfectly satisfied with their destiny

  in this affair.

  Fifteen hundred chances, at one dollar each.

  The whole is valued at its just worth, fifteen hundred dollars.

  The raffle will be conducted by gentlemen selected by the interested subscribers

  present. Five nights allowed to complete the raffle. Both of above can be seen

  at my store, No. 78 Common-street, second door from Camp, at from 9 o'clock

  a. m. till half-past 2 p. m.

  Highest throw takes the first choice; the lowest throw the remaining prize,

  and the fortunate winners to pay Twenty Dollars each for the refreshments fur-

  nished for the occasion.

  Jan. 9--2w. J. Jennings.

  Daily Courier (Natchez, Miss.,) Nov. 20, 1852.

  THE above reward will be given for the apprehension and confinement in any

  jail of the negro man HARDY, who ran away from the subscriber, residing on

  Lake St. John, near Rifle Point, Concordia parish, La., on the 9th August last.

  Hardy is a remarkably likely negro, entirely free from all marks, scars or

  blemishes, when he left home; about six feet high, of black complexion (though

  quite light), fine countenance, unusually smooth skin, good head of hair, fine eyes

  and teeth.

  Address the subscriber at Rifle Point, Concordia Parish, La.

  Oct. 30.--1m. Robert Y. Jones.

  What an unfortunate master!--lost an article entirely free from

  “marks, scars, or blemishes!” Such a rarity ought to be

  choice!

  Savannah Daily Georgian, 6th Sept., 1852.

  ABOUT three weeks ago, under suspicious circumstances, a negro woman, who

  calls herself PHEBE, or PHILLIS. Says she is free, and lately from Beaufort

  District, South Carolina. Said woman is about 50 years of age, stout in stature,

  mild-spoken, five feet four inches high, and weighs about 140 pounds. Having

  made diligent inquiry by letter, and from what I can learn, said woman is a run-

  away. Any person owning said slave can get her by making application to me,

  properly authenticated.

  Waring Russell,

  County Constable.

  Savannah, Oct. 25, 1852.

  Oct. 26.

  RAN AWAY from Sparta, Ga., about the first of last year, my boy GEORGE.

  He is a good carpenter, about 35 years; a bright mulatto, tall and quite likely.

  He was brought about three years ago from St. Mary's, and had, when he ran away,

  a wife there, or near there, belonging to a Mr. Holzendorff. I think he has told

  me he has been about Macon also. He had, and perhaps still has, a brother in

  Savannah. He is very intelligent. I will give the above reward for his confine-

  ment in some jail in the State, so that I can get him. Refer, for any further

  information, to Rabun and Whitehead, Savannah, Ga.

  W. J. Sassnett.

  Oxford, Ga., Aug. 13, 1852.

  tuths3m. a17.

  From these advertisements, and hundreds of similar ones, one

  may learn the following things:--

  1. That the arguments for the enslaving of the negro do not

  apply to a large part of the actual slaves.

  2. That they are not, in the estimation of their masters, ver
y

  stupid.

  3. That they are not remarkably contented.

  4. That they have no particular reason to be so.

  5. That multitudes of men claiming to be free are constantly

  being sold into slavery.

  In respect to the complexion of these slaves, there are some

  points worthy of consideration. The writer adds the following

  advertisements, published by Wm. I. Bowditch, Esq., in his

  pamphlet, “Slavery and the Constitution.”

  From the Richmond (Va.) Whig:--

  WILL be given for the apprehension of my negro (?) Edmund Kenney. He has

  straight hair, and complexion so nearly white that it is believed a stranger would

  suppose there was no African blood in him. He was with my boy Dick a short

  time since in Norfolk, and offered him for sale, and was apprehended, but escaped

  under pretence of being a white man!

  January 6, 1836. Anderson Bowles.

  From the Republican Banner and Nashville Whig of July 14,

  1849:--

  RAN AWAY from the subscriber, on the 23rd of June last, a bright mulatto

  woman, named Julia, about 25 years of age. She is of common size, nearly white,

  and very likely. She is a good seamstress, and can read a little. She may attempt

  to pass for white--dresses fine. She took with her Anna, her child, 8 or 9 years

  old, and considerably darker than her mother...

  She once belonged to a Mr. Helm, of Columbia, Tennessee.

  I will give a reward of 50 dollars for said negro and child, if delivered to me or

  confined in any jail in this State, so I can get them; 100 dollars if caught in any

  other slave State, and confined in a jail so that I can get them; and 200 dollars if

  caught in any free State, and put in any good jail in Kentucky or Tennessee, so I

  can get them.

  Nashville, July 9, 1849. A. W. Johnson.

  The following three advertisements are taken from Alabama

  papers:--

  From the subscriber, working on the plantation of Col. H. Tinker, a bright

  mulatto boy, named Alfred. Alfred is about 18 years old, pretty well grown, has

  blue eyes, light flaxen hair, skin disposed to freckle. He will try to pass as

  free-born.

  Green County, Ala. S. G. Stewart.

  Ran away from the subscriber, a bright mulatto man-slave, named Sam. Light,

  sandy hair, blue eyes, ruddy complexion--is so white as very easily to pass for a

  free white man.

  Mobile, April 22, 1837. Edwin Peck.

  On the 15th of May, from me, a negro woman, named Fanny. Said woman is

  20 years old; is rather tall; can read and write, and so forge passes for herself.

  Carried away with her a pair of ear-rings--a Bible with a red cover; is very pious.

  She prays a great deal, and was, as supposed, contented and happy. She is as

  white as most white women, with straight light hair, and blue eyes, and can pass

  herself for a white woman. I will give 500 dollars for her apprehension and

  delivery to me. She is very intelligent.

  Tuscaloosa, May 29, 1845. John Balch.

  From the Newbern (N. C.) Spectator:--

  Will be given for the apprehension and delivery to me of the following slaves:--

  Samuel, and Judy his wife, with their four children, belonging to my estate of

  Sacker Dubberly, deceased.

  I will give 10 dollars for the apprehension of William Dubberly, a slave belonging

  to the estate. William is about 19 years old, quite white, and would not readily be

  taken for a slave.

  John J. Lane.

  March 13, 1837.

  The next two advertisements we cut from the New Orleans

  Picayune of Sept. 2, 1846:--

  Ran away from the plantation of Madame Fergus Duplantier, on or about the

  27th of June, 1846, a bright mulatto, named Ned, very stout built, about 5 feet 11

  inches high, speaks English and French, about 35 years old, waddles in his walk.

  He may try to pass himself for a white man, as he is of a very clear colour, and has

  sandy hair. The above reward will be paid to whoever will bring him to Madame

  Duplantier's plantation, Manchac, or lodge him in some jail where he can be con-

  veniently obtained.

  Ran away from the subscriber, last November, a white negro man, about 35 years

  old, height about 5 feet 8 or 10 inches, blue eyes, has a yellow woolly head, very

  fair skin.

  These are the characteristics of three races. The copper-

  coloured complexion shows the Indian blood. The others are

  the mixed races of negroes and whites. It is known that the

  poor remains of Indian races have been in many cases forced into

  slavery. It is no less certain that white children have sometimes

  been kidnapped and sold into slavery. Rev. George Bourne, of

  Virginia, Presbyterian minister, who wrote against slavery there

  as early as 1816, gives an account of a boy who was stolen from

  his parents at seven years of age, immersed in a tan-vat to

  change his complexion, tattooed and sold, and, after a captivity

  of fourteen years, succeeded in escaping. The tanning process

  is not necessary now, as a fair skin is no presumption against

  slavery. There is reason to think that the grandmother of poor

  Emily Russell was a white child, stolen by kidnappers. That

  kidnappers may steal and sell white children at the South now,

  is evident from these advertisements.

  The writer, within a week, has seen a fugitive quadroon

  mother, who had with her two children--a boy of ten months,

  and a girl of three years. Both were surpassingly fair, and

  uncommonly beautiful. The girl had blue eyes and golden hair.

  The mother and those children were about to be sold for the

  division of an estate, which was the reason why she fled. When

  the mind once becomes familiarized with the process of slavery--

  of enslaving first black, then Indian, then mulatto, then quadroon,

  and when blue eyes and golden hair are advertised as properties

  of negroes--what protection will there be for poor white people,

  especially as under the present fugitive law they can can be

  carried away without a jury trial?

  A Governor of South Carolina openly declared, in 1835, that

  the labouring population of any country, bleached or unbleached,

  were a dangerous element, unless reduced to slavery. Will not

  this be the result, then?

  CHAPTER X.

  “POOR WHITE TRASH.”

  When the public sentiment of Europe speaks in tones of

  indignation of the system of American slavery, the common

  reply has been, “Look at your own lower classes.” The apolo-

  gists of slavery have pointed England to her own poor. They

  have spoken of the heathenish ignorance, the vice, the darkness,

  of her crowded cities--nay, even of her agricultural districts.

  Now, in the first place, a country where the population is not

  crowded, where the resources of the soil are more than sufficient

  for the inhabitants--a country of recent origin, not burdened

  with the worn-out institutions and clumsy lumber of past ages,

  ought not to be satisfied to do only as well as countries which

  have to struggle against all these evils.

  It is a poor defence for America to say to older countries,

  “We are no wor
se than you are.” She ought to be infinitely

  better.

  But it will appear that the institution of slavery has produced

  not only heathenish, degraded, miserable slaves, but it produces

  a class of white people who are, by universal admission, more

  heathenish, degraded, and miserable. The institution of slavery

  has accomplished the double feat, in America, not only of

  degrading and brutalising her black working classes, but of

  producing, notwithstanding a fertile soil, and abundant room, a

  poor white population as degraded and brutal as ever existed in

  any of the most crowded districts of Europe.

  The way that it is done can be made apparent in a few words.

  1. The distribution of the land into large plantations, and the

  consequent sparseness of settlement, make any system of

  common school education impracticable. 2. The same cause

  operates with regard to the preaching of the Gospel. 3. The

  degradation of the idea of labour, which results inevitably from

  enslaving the working class, operates to a great extent in

  preventing respectable working men of the middling classes

  from settling or remaining in slave States. Where carpenters,

  blacksmiths, and masons, are advertised every week with their

  own tools, or in company with horses, hogs, and other cattle,

  there is necessarily such an estimate of the labouring class

  that intelligent, self-respecting mechanics, such as abound in

  the free States, must find much that is annoying and disagree-

  able. They may endure it for a time, but with much uneasiness;

  and they are glad of the first opportunity of emigration.

  Then, again, the filling up of all branches of mechanics and

  agriculture with slave-labour necessarily depresses free labour.

  Suppose, now, a family of poor whites in Carolina or Virginia,

  and the same family in Vermont or Maine; how different the