SHERWOOD ANDERSON
COLLECTED STORIES
Charles Baxter, editor
THE LIBRARY OF AMERICA
Volume compilation, notes, and chronology copyright © 2012 by Literary Classics of the United States, Inc., New York, N.Y.
All rights reserved.
No part of the book may be reproduced commercially by offset-lithographic or equivalent copying devices without the permission of the publisher.
Some of the material in this volume is reprinted with the permission of holders of copyright and publishing rights.
See acknowledgments on page 892.
Distributed to the trade in the United States by Penguin Group (USA) Inc. and in Canada by Penguin Books Canada Ltd.
Library of Congress Control Number: 2012935174
ISBN 978-1-59853-204-3 (print)
ISBN 978-1-59853-221-0 (epub)
Contents
WINESBURG, OHIO
The Book of the Grotesque
Hands—concerning Wing Biddlebaum
Paper Pills—concerning Doctor Reefy
Mother—concerning Elizabeth Willard
The Philosopher—concerning Doctor Parcival
Nobody Knows—concerning Louise Trunnion
Godliness (Parts I and II)—concerning Jesse Bentley
Surrender (Part III)—concerning Louise Bentley
Terror (Part IV)—concerning David Hardy
A Man of Ideas—concerning Joe Welling
Adventure—concerning Alice Hindman
Respectability—concerning Wash Williams
The Thinker—concerning Seth Richmond
Tandy—concerning Tandy Hard
The Strength of God—concerning The Reverend Curtis Hartman
The Teacher—concerning Kate Swift
Loneliness—concerning Enoch Robinson
An Awakening—concerning Belle Carpenter
“Queer”—concerning Elmer Cowley
The Untold Lie—concerning Ray Pearson
Drink—concerning Tom Foster
Death—concerning Doctor Reefy and Elizabeth Willard
Sophistication—concerning Helen White
Departure—concerning George Willard
THE TRIUMPH OF THE EGG
Impressions in Clay by Tennessee Mitchell (photographs by Eugene Hutchinson)
The Dumb Man
I Want to Know Why
Seeds
The Other Woman
The Egg
Unlighted Lamps
Senility
The Man in the Brown Coat
Brothers
The Door of the Trap
The New Englander
War
Motherhood
Out of Nowhere into Nothing
The Man with the Trumpet
HORSES AND MEN
Foreword
Dreiser
I’m a Fool
The Triumph of a Modern
“Unused”
A Chicago Hamlet
The Man Who Became a Woman
Milk Bottles
The Sad Horn Blowers
The Man’s Story
An Ohio Pagan
DEATH IN THE WOODS AND OTHER STORIES
Death in the Woods
The Return
There She Is—She Is Taking Her Bath
The Lost Novel
The Fight
Like a Queen
That Sophistication
In a Strange Town
These Mountaineers
A Sentimental Journey
A Jury Case
Another Wife
A Meeting South
The Flood
Why They Got Married
Brother Death
UNCOLLECTED STORIES
Sister
The White Streak
Certain Things Last
Off Balance
I Get So I Can’t Go On
Mr. Joe’s Doctor
The Corn Planting
Feud
Harry Breaks Through
Mrs. Wife
Two Lovers
White Spot
Nobody Laughed
A Landed Proprietor
The Persistent Liar
Chronology
Note on the Texts
Acknowledgments
Notes
WINESBURG, OHIO
A GROUP OF TALES OF OHIO SMALL TOWN LIFE
TO THE MEMORY OF MY MOTHER
EMMA SMITH ANDERSON
Whose keen observations on the life about her first awoke in me the hunger to see beneath the surface of lives, this book is dedicated.
THE TALES AND THE PERSONS
THE BOOK OF THE GROTESQUE
HANDS—concerning WING BIDDLEBAUM
PAPER PILLS—concerning DOCTOR REEFY
MOTHER—concerning ELIZABETH WILLARD
THE PHILOSOPHER—concerning DOCTOR PARCIVAL
NOBODY KNOWS—concerning LOUISE TRUNNION
GODLINESS (PARTS I AND II)—concerning JESSE BENTLEY
SURRENDER (PART III)—concerning LOUISE BENTLEY
TERROR (PART IV)—concerning DAVID HARDY
A MAN OF IDEAS—concerning JOE WELLING
ADVENTURE—concerning ALICE HINDMAN
RESPECTABILITY—concerning WASH WILLIAMS
THE THINKER—concerning SETH RICHMOND
TANDY—concerning TANDY HARD
THE STRENGTH OF GOD—concerning THE REVEREND CURTIS HARTMAN
THE TEACHER—concerning KATE SWIFT
LONELINESS—concerning ENOCH ROBINSON
AN AWAKENING—concerning BELLE CARPENTER
“QUEER”—concerning ELMER COWLEY
THE UNTOLD LIE—concerning RAY PEARSON
DRINK—concerning TOM FOSTER
DEATH—concerning DOCTOR REEFY and ELIZABETH WILLARD
SOPHISTICATION—concerning HELEN WHITE
DEPARTURE—concerning GEORGE WILLARD
The Book of the Grotesque
* * *
THE writer, an old man with a white mustache, had some difficulty in getting into bed. The windows of the house in which he lived were high and he wanted to look at the trees when he awoke in the morning. A carpenter came to fix the bed so that it would be on a level with the window.
Quite a fuss was made about the matter. The carpenter, who had been a soldier in the Civil War, came into the writer’s room and sat down to talk of building a platform for the purpose of raising the bed. The writer had cigars lying about and the carpenter smoked.
For a time the two men talked of the raising of the bed and then they talked of other things. The soldier got on the subject of the war. The writer, in fact, led him to that subject. The carpenter had once been a prisoner in Andersonville prison and had lost a brother. The brother had died of starvation, and whenever the carpenter got upon that subject he cried. He, like the old writer, had a white mustache, and when he cried he puckered up his lips and the mustache bobbed up and down. The weeping old man with the cigar in his mouth was ludicrous. The plan the writer had for the raising of his bed was forgotten and later the carpenter did it in his own way and the writer, who was past sixty, had to help himself with a chair when he went to bed at night.
In his bed the writer rolled over on his side and lay quite still. For years he had been beset with notions concerning his heart. He was a hard smoker and his heart fluttered. The idea had got into his mind that he would some time die unexpectedly and always when he got into bed he thought of that. It did not alarm him. The effect in fact was quite a special thing and not easily explained. It made him more alive, there in bed, than at any other time. Perfectly still he lay and his body was old and not of
much use any more, but something inside him was altogether young. He was like a pregnant woman, only that the thing inside him was not a baby but a youth. No, it wasn’t a youth, it was a woman, young, and wearing a coat of mail like a knight. It is absurd, you see, to try to tell what was inside the old writer as he lay on his high bed and listened to the fluttering of his heart. The thing to get at is what the writer, or the young thing within the writer, was thinking about.
The old writer, like all of the people in the world, had got, during his long life, a great many notions in his head. He had once been quite handsome and a number of women had been in love with him. And then, of course, he had known people, many people, known them in a peculiarly intimate way that was different from the way in which you and I know people. At least that is what the writer thought and the thought pleased him. Why quarrel with an old man concerning his thoughts?
In the bed the writer had a dream that was not a dream. As he grew somewhat sleepy but was still conscious, figures began to appear before his eyes. He imagined the young indescribable thing within himself was driving a long procession of figures before his eyes.
You see the interest in all this lies in the figures that went before the eyes of the writer. They were all grotesques. All of the men and women the writer had ever known had become grotesques.
The grotesques were not all horrible. Some were amusing, some almost beautiful, and one, a woman all drawn out of shape, hurt the old man by her grotesqueness. When she passed he made a noise like a small dog whimpering. Had you come into the room you might have supposed the old man had unpleasant dreams or perhaps indigestion.
For an hour the procession of grotesques passed before the eyes of the old man, and then, although it was a painful thing to do, he crept out of bed and began to write. Some one of the grotesques had made a deep impression on his mind and he wanted to describe it.
At his desk the writer worked for an hour. In the end he wrote a book which he called “The Book of the Grotesque.” It was never published, but I saw it once and it made an indelible impression on my mind. The book had one central thought that is very strange and has always remained with me. By remembering it I have been able to understand many people and things that I was never able to understand before. The thought was involved but a simple statement of it would be something like this:
That in the beginning when the world was young there were a great many thoughts but no such thing as a truth. Man made the truths himself and each truth was a composite of a great many vague thoughts. All about in the world were the truths and they were all beautiful.
The old man had listed hundreds of the truths in his book. I will not try to tell you of all of them. There was the truth of virginity and the truth of passion, the truth of wealth and of poverty, of thrift and of profligacy, of carefulness and abandon. Hundreds and hundreds were the truths and they were all beautiful.
And then the people came along. Each as he appeared snatched up one of the truths and some who were quite strong snatched up a dozen of them.
It was the truths that made the people grotesques. The old man had quite an elaborate theory concerning the matter. It was his notion that the moment one of the people took one of the truths to himself, called it his truth, and tried to live his life by it, he became a grotesque and the truth he embraced became a falsehood.
You can see for yourself how the old man, who had spent all of his life writing and was filled with words, would write hundreds of pages concerning this matter. The subject would become so big in his mind that he himself would be in danger of becoming a grotesque. He didn’t, I suppose, for the same reason that he never published the book. It was the young thing inside him that saved the old man.
Concerning the old carpenter who fixed the bed for the writer, I only mentioned him because he, like many of what are called very common people, became the nearest thing to what is understandable and lovable of all the grotesques in the writer’s book.
WINESBURG, OHIO
Hands
* * *
UPON the half decayed veranda of a small frame house that stood near the edge of a ravine near the town of Winesburg, Ohio, a fat little old man walked nervously up and down. Across a long field that had been seeded for clover but that had produced only a dense crop of yellow mustard weeds, he could see the public highway along which went a wagon filled with berry pickers returning from the fields. The berry pickers, youths and maidens, laughed and shouted boisterously. A boy clad in a blue shirt leaped from the wagon and attempted to drag after him one of the maidens who screamed and protested shrilly. The feet of the boy in the road kicked up a cloud of dust that floated across the face of the departing sun. Over the long field came a thin girlish voice. “Oh, you Wing Biddlebaum, comb your hair, it’s falling into your eyes,” commanded the voice to the man, who was bald and whose nervous little hands fiddled about the bare white forehead as though arranging a mass of tangled locks.
Wing Biddlebaum, forever frightened and beset by a ghostly band of doubts, did not think of himself as in any way a part of the life of the town where he had lived for twenty years. Among all the people of Winesburg but one had come close to him. With George Willard, son of Tom Willard, the proprietor of the new Willard House, he had formed something like a friendship. George Willard was the reporter on the Winesburg Eagle and sometimes in the evenings he walked out along the highway to Wing Biddlebaum’s house. Now as the old man walked up and down on the veranda, his hands moving nervously about, he was hoping that George Willard would come and spend the evening with him. After the wagon containing the berry pickers had passed, he went across the field through the tall mustard weeds and climbing a rail fence peered anxiously along the road to the town. For a moment he stood thus, rubbing his hands together and looking up and down the road, and then, fear overcoming him, ran back to walk again upon the porch on his own house.
In the presence of George Willard, Wing Biddlebaum, who for twenty years had been the town mystery, lost something of his timidity, and his shadowy personality, submerged in a sea of doubts, came forth to look at the world. With the young reporter at his side, he ventured in the light of day into Main Street or strode up and down on the rickety front porch of his own house, talking excitedly. The voice that had been low and trembling became shrill and loud. The bent figure straightened. With a kind of wriggle, like a fish returned to the brook by the fisherman, Biddlebaum the silent began to talk, striving to put into words the ideas that had been accumulated by his mind during long years of silence.
Wing Biddlebaum talked much with his hands. The slender expressive fingers, forever active, forever striving to conceal themselves in his pockets or behind his back, came forth and became the piston rods of his machinery of expression.
The story of Wing Biddlebaum is a story of hands. Their restless activity, like unto the beating of the wings of an imprisoned bird, had given him his name. Some obscure poet of the town had thought of it. The hands alarmed their owner. He wanted to keep them hidden away and looked with amazement at the quiet inexpressive hands of other men who worked beside him in the fields, or passed, driving sleepy teams on country roads.
When he talked to George Willard, Wing Biddlebaum closed his fists and beat with them upon a table or on the walls of his house. The action made him more comfortable. If the desire to talk came to him when the two were walking in the fields, he sought out a stump or the top board of a fence and with his hands pounding busily talked with renewed ease.
The story of Wing Biddlebaum’s hands is worth a book in itself. Sympathetically set forth it would tap many strange, beautiful qualities in obscure men. It is a job for a poet. In Winesburg the hands had attracted attention merely because of their activity. With them Wing Biddlebaum had picked as high as a hundred and forty quarts of strawberries in a day. They became his distinguishing feature, the source of his fame. Also they made more grotesque an already grotesque and elusive individuality. Winesburg was proud of the hands of Wing Biddle
baum in the same spirit in which it was proud of Banker White’s new stone house and Wesley Moyer’s bay stallion, Tony Tip, that had won the two-fifteen trot at the fall races in Cleveland.
As for George Willard, he had many times wanted to ask about the hands. At times an almost overwhelming curiosity had taken hold of him. He felt that there must be a reason for their strange activity and their inclination to keep hidden away and only a growing respect for Wing Biddlebaum kept him from blurting out the questions that were often in his mind.
Once he had been on the point of asking. The two were walking in the fields on a summer afternoon and had stopped to sit upon a grassy bank. All afternoon Wing Biddlebaum had talked as one inspired. By a fence he had stopped and beating like a giant woodpecker upon the top board had shouted at George Willard, condemning his tendency to be too much influenced by the people about him. “You are destroying yourself,” he cried. “You have the inclination to be alone and to dream and you are afraid of dreams. You want to be like others in town here. You hear them talk and you try to imitate them.”
On the grassy bank Wing Biddlebaum had tried again to drive his point home. His voice became soft and reminiscent, and with a sigh of contentment he launched into a long rambling talk, speaking as one lost in a dream.
Out of the dream Wing Biddlebaum made a picture for George Willard. In the picture men lived again in a kind of pastoral golden age. Across a green open country came clean-limbed young men, some afoot, some mounted upon horses. In crowds the young men came to gather about the feet of an old man who sat beneath a tree in a tiny garden and who talked to them.
Wing Biddlebaum became wholly inspired. For once he forgot the hands. Slowly they stole forth and lay upon George Willard’s shoulders. Something new and bold came into the voice that talked. “You must try to forget all you have learned,” said the old man. “You must begin to dream. From this time on you must shut your ears to the roaring of the voices.”
Pausing in his speech, Wing Biddlebaum looked long and earnestly at George Willard. His eyes glowed. Again he raised the hands to caress the boy and then a look of horror swept over his face.