The toughness of the things was almost incredible. Even the terrific pressures[990] of the deepest sea-bottoms[991] appeared powerless to harm them. Very few seemed to die at all except by violence, and their burial-places[992] were very limited. The fact[993] that they covered their vertically inhumed dead with five-pointed inscribed mounds set up thoughts in Danforth and me which made a fresh pause and recuperation necessary after the sculptures revealed it.[994] The beings multiplied by means of spores—like vegetable pteridophytes[995] as Lake had suspected—but[996] owing to their prodigious toughness and longevity, and consequent lack of replacement needs, they did not encourage the large-scale development of new prothalli[997] except when they had new regions to colonise.[998] The young matured swiftly, and received an education evidently beyond any standard we can imagine. The prevailing intellectual and aesthetic life was highly evolved, and produced a tenaciously enduring set of customs and institutions which I shall describe more fully in my coming monograph. These varied slightly according to sea or land residence, but had the same foundations and essentials.
Though able, like vegetables, to derive nourishment from inorganic substances;[999] they vastly preferred organic and especially animal food. They ate uncooked marine life under the sea, but cooked their viands on land. They hunted game and raised meat herds—slaughtering with sharp weapons whose odd marks on certain fossil bones our expedition had noted.[1000] They resisted all ordinary temperatures marvellously;[1001] and in their natural state could live in water down to freezing. When the great chill of the Pleistocene drew on, however—nearly a million years ago—the land dwellers had to resort to special measures[1002] including artificial heating;[1003] until at last[1004] the deadly cold appears to have driven them back into the sea.[1005] For their prehistoric flights through cosmic space, legend said, they had[1006] absorbed certain chemicals and became almost independent of eating, breathing, or heat conditions;[1007] but by the time of the great cold they had lost track of the method. In any case[1008] they could not have prolonged the artificial state indefinitely without harm.
Being non-pairing and semi-vegetable[1009] in structure, the Old Ones had no biological basis for the family phase of mammal life;[1010] but seemed to organise[1011] large households on the principles of comfortable space-utility and—as we deduced from the pictured occupations and diversions of co-dwellers[1012]—congenial mental association.[1013] In furnishing their homes they kept everything in the centre[1014] of the huge rooms, leaving all the wall spaces free for decorative treatment. Lighting, in the case of the land inhabitants, was accomplished by a device probably electro-chemical in nature.[1015] Both on land and under water they used curious tables, chairs,[1016] and couches like cylindrical frames—for they rested and slept upright with folded-down tentacles—and racks for the hinged sets of dotted surfaces forming their books.
Government was evidently complex and probably socialistic, though no certainties in this regard could be deduced from the sculptures we saw. There was extensive commerce, both local and between different cities;[1017] certain small, flat counters, five-pointed and inscribed, serving as money. Probably the smaller of the various greenish soapstones found by our expedition were pieces of such currency.[1018] Though the culture was mainly urban, some agriculture and much stock-raising[1019] existed. Mining and a limited amount of manufacturing were also practiced. Travel was very frequent, but permanent migration seemed relatively rare except for the vast colonising[1020] movements by which the race expanded.[1021] For personal locomotion no external aid was used;[1022] since in land, air, and water movement alike the Old Ones seemed to possess excessively vast capacities for speed. Loads, however, were drawn by beasts of burden—shoggoths[1023] under the sea, and a curious variety of primitive vertebrates in the later years of land existence.
These vertebrates, as well as an infinity of other life-forms[1024]—animal and vegetable, marine, terrestrial, and aërial—were the products of unguided evolution acting on life-cells[1025] made by the Old Ones[1026] but escaping beyond their radius of attention. They had been suffered to develop unchecked because they had not come in conflict with the dominant beings. Bothersome forms, of course, were mechanically exterminated.[1027] It interested us to see in some of the very last and most decadent sculptures a shambling[1028] primitive mammal, used sometimes for food and sometimes as an amusing buffoon by the land dwellers, whose vaguely simian and human foreshadowings were unmistakable. In the building of land cities the huge stone blocks of the high towers were generally lifted by vast-winged pterodactyls of a species heretofore unknown to palaeontology.[1029]
The persistence with which the Old Ones survived various geologic changes and convulsions of the earth’s crust was little short of miraculous. Though few or none of their first cities seem to have remained beyond the archaean age,[1030] there was no interruption in their civilisation[1031] or in the transmission of their records.[1032] Their original place of advent to the planet was the Antarctic Ocean, and it is likely that they came not long after the matter forming the moon was wrenched from the neighbouring[1033] South Pacific. According to one of the sculptured maps,[1034] the whole globe was then under water, with stone cities scattered farther and farther from the antarctic as aeons passed.[1035] Another map shews[1036] a vast bulk of dry land around the south pole, where it is evident that some of the beings made experimental settlements[1037] though their main centres[1038] were transferred to the nearest sea-bottom.[1039] Later maps, which display this[1040] land mass as cracking and drifting, and sending certain detached parts northward, uphold in a striking way the theories of continental drift lately advanced by Taylor, Wegener, and Joly.
With the upheaval of new land in the South Pacific[1041] tremendous events began. Some of the marine cities were hopelessly shattered, yet that was not the worst misfortune. Another race—a land race of beings shaped like octopi and probably corresponding to the[1042] fabulous pre-human[1043] spawn of Cthulhu—soon began filtering down from cosmic infinity and precipitated a monstrous war which for a time drove the Old Ones wholly back to the sea—a colossal blow in view of the increasing land settlements. Later[1044] peace was made, and the new lands were given to the Cthulhu spawn whilst the Old Ones held the sea and the older lands. New land cities were founded—the greatest of them in the antarctic, for this region of first arrival was sacred.[1045] From then on, as before, the antarctic remained the centre[1046] of the Old Ones’ civilisation, and all the discoverable[1047] cities built there by the Cthulhu spawn were blotted out.[1048] Then suddenly[1049] the lands of the Pacific sank again, taking with them the frightful stone city of R’lyeh and all the cosmic octopi, so that the Old Ones were again supreme on the planet[1050] except for one shadowy fear about which they did not like to speak.[1051] At a rather later age their cities dotted all the land and water areas of the globe—hence the recommendation in my coming monograph that some archaeologist make systematic borings with Pabodie’s type of apparatus in certain widely separated regions.
The steady trend down the ages was from water to land;[1052] a movement encouraged by the rise of new land masses, though the ocean was never wholly deserted. Another cause of the landward movement was the new difficulty in breeding and managing the shoggoths[1053] upon which successful sea-life[1054] depended.[1055] With the march of time, as the sculptures sadly confessed, the art of creating new life from inorganic matter had been lost;[1056] so that the Old Ones had to depend on the moulding[1057] of forms already in existence. On land the great reptiles proved highly tractable; but the shoggoths[1058] of the sea, reproducing by fission and acquiring a dangerous degree of accidental intelligence, presented for a time a formidable problem.
They had always been controlled through the hypnotic suggestion[1059] of the Old Ones, and had modelled[1060] their tough plasticity into various useful temporary limbs and organs; but now their self-modelling[1061] powers were sometimes exercised independently, and in various imitative forms implanted by past su
ggestion.[1062] They had, it seems, developed a semi-stable[1063] brain whose separate and occasionally stubborn volition echoed the will of the Old Ones without always obeying it.[1064] Sculptured images of these shoggoths[1065] filled Danforth and me with horror and loathing. They were normally shapeless entities composed of a viscous jelly which looked like an agglutination of bubbles;[1066] and each averaged about fifteen feet in diameter when a sphere. They had, however, a constantly shifting shape and volume;[1067] throwing out temporary developments or forming apparent organs of sight, hearing, and speech in imitation of their masters, either spontaneously or according to suggestion.
They seem to have become peculiarly intractable toward the middle of the Permian age,[1068] perhaps 150[1069] million years ago, when a veritable war of re-subjugation[1070] was waged upon them by the marine Old Ones. Pictures of this war, and of the headless, slime-coated fashion in which the shoggoths[1071] typically left their slain victims, held a marvellously[1072] fearsome quality despite the intervening abyss of untold ages.[1073] The Old Ones had used curious weapons of molecular[1074] disturbance against the rebel entities, and in the end had achieved a complete victory. Thereafter the sculptures shewed[1075] a period in which shoggoths[1076] were tamed and broken by armed Old Ones as the wild horses of the American west were tamed by cowboys.[1077] Though during the rebellion the shoggoths[1078] had shewn[1079] an ability to live out of water, this transition was not encouraged;[1080] since their usefulness on land would hardly have been commensurate with the trouble of their management.
During the Jurassic age[1081] the Old Ones met fresh adversity in the form of a new invasion from outer space—this time by half-fungous, half-crustacean creatures from a planet identifiable as the remote and recently discovered Pluto; creatures[1082] undoubtedly the same as those figuring in certain whispered hill legends of the north, and remembered in the Himalayas as the Mi-Go, or Abominable Snow-Men.[1083] To fight these beings the Old Ones attempted, for the first time since their terrene advent, to sally forth again into the planetary ether; but despite all traditional preparations[1084] found it no longer possible to leave the earth’s atmosphere. Whatever the old secret of interstellar travel had been, it was now definitely lost to the race.[1085] In the end the Mi-Go drove the Old Ones out of all the northern lands, though they were powerless to disturb those in the sea. Little by little the slow retreat of the elder race to their original antarctic habitat was beginning.
It was curious to note from the pictured battles that both the Cthulhu spawn and the Mi-Go seem to have been composed of matter more widely different from that which we know than was the substance of the Old Ones. They were able to undergo transformations and reintegrations impossible for their adversaries, and seem therefore to have originally come from even remoter gulfs of cosmic space.[1086] The Old Ones, but for their abnormal toughness and peculiar vital properties, were strictly material, and must have had their absolute origin within the known space-time continuum;[1087] whereas the first sources of the other beings can only be guessed at with bated breath. All this, of course, assuming that the non-terrestrial[1088] linkages and the anomalies ascribed to the invading foes are not pure mythology. Conceivably, the Old Ones might have invented a cosmic framework to account for their occasional defeats;[1089] since historical interest and pride obviously formed their chief psychological element. It is significant that their annals failed to mention many advanced and potent races of beings whose mighty cultures and towering cities[1090] figure persistently in certain obscure legends.[1091]
The changing state of the world through long geologic ages appeared with startling vividness in many of the sculptured maps and scenes. In certain cases existing science will require revision, while in other cases its bold deductions are magnificently confirmed.[1092] As I have said, the hypothesis of Taylor, Wegener, and Joly that all the continents are fragments of an original antarctic land mass which cracked from centrifugal force and drifted apart over a technically viscous lower surface—an hypothesis suggested by such things as the complementary[1093] outlines of Africa and South America, and the way the great mountain chains are rolled and shoved up—receives striking support from this uncanny source.
Maps evidently shewing[1094] the Carboniferous world[1095] of a[1096] hundred million or more years ago displayed significant rifts and chasms destined later to separate Africa from the once continuous realms of Europe (then the Valusia of hellish[1097] primal legend), Asia, the Americas, and the antarctic continent.[1098] Other charts—and most significantly one in connexion[1099] with the founding fifty million years ago of the vast dead city around us—shewed[1100] all the present continents well differentiated. And in the latest discoverable specimen—dating perhaps from the Pliocene age[1101]—the approximate world of today[1102] appeared quite clearly despite the linkage of Alaska with Siberia, of North America with Europe through Greenland, and of South America with the[1103] antarctic continent through Graham Land.[1104] In the Carboniferous map the whole globe—ocean floor and rifted land mass alike—bore symbols of the Old Ones’ vast stone cities, but in the later charts the gradual recession toward the antarctic became very plain.[1105] The final Pliocene specimen shewed[1106] no land cities except on the antarctic continent and the tip of South America, nor any ocean cities north of the fiftieth parallel of South Latitude. Knowledge and interest in the northern world, save for a study of coast-lines[1107] probably made during long exploration flights on those fan-like[1108] membraneous[1109] wings, had evidently declined to zero among the Old Ones.
Destruction of cities through the upthrust of mountains, the centrifugal rending of continents, the seismic convulsions of land or sea-bottom,[1110] and other natural causes was a matter of common record; and it was curious to observe how fewer and fewer replacements were made as the ages wore on.[1111] The vast dead megalopolis that yawned around us seemed to be the last general centre[1112] of the race;[1113] built early in the Cretaceous age[1114] after a titanic earth-buckling had[1115] obliterated a still vaster predecessor not far distant.[1116] It appeared that this general region was the most sacred spot of all, where reputedly the first Old Ones had settled on a primal sea-bottom.[1117] In the new city—many of whose features we could recognise[1118] in the sculptures, but which stretched fully a[1119] hundred miles along the mountain range in each direction beyond the farthest limits of our aërial survey—there were reputed to be preserved certain sacred stones forming part of the first sea-bottom city, which were[1120] thrust up to light after long epochs in the course of the general crumpling[1121] of strata.
VIII.
Naturally, Danforth and I studied with especial[1122] interest and a peculiarly personal sense of awe everything pertaining to the immediate district in which we were. Of this local material there was naturally a vast abundance; and on[1123] the tangled ground level of the city we were lucky enough to find a house of very late date whose walls, though somewhat damaged by a neighbouring[1124] rift, contained sculptures of decadent workmanship carrying the story of the region[1125] much beyond the period of the[1126] Pliocene map[1127] whence we derived our last general glimpse of the pre-human[1128] world. This was the last place we examined in detail, since what we found there gave us[1129] a fresh[1130] immediate objective.
Certainly, we were in one of the strangest, weirdest, and most terrible of all the corners of earth’s globe. Of all existing lands it was infinitely the most ancient; and the[1131] conviction grew upon us that this hideous upland must indeed be the fabled nightmare plateau of Leng which even the mad author of the “Necronomicon”[1132] was reluctant to discuss.[1133] The great mountain chain was tremendously long—starting as a low range at Luitpold Land on the coast of Weddell Sea and virtually crossing the entire continent. The really high part stretched in a mighty arc from about Latitude 82°, E. Longitude 60° to Latitude 70°, E. Longitude 115°, with its concave side toward our camp and its seaward end in the region of that long, ice-locked coast whose hills were glimpsed by Wilkes an
d Mawson at the Antarctic Circle.[1134]
Yet even more monstrous exaggerations of Nature[1135] seemed disturbingly close at hand. I have said that these peaks are higher than the Himalayas, but the sculptures forbid me to say that they are earth’s highest. That grim honour[1136] is beyond doubt reserved for something which half the sculptures hesitated to record at all, whilst others approached it with obvious repugnance and trepidation.[1137] It seems that there was one part of the ancient land—the first part that ever rose from the waters after the earth had flung off the moon and the Old Ones had seeped down from the stars—which had come to be shunned as vaguely and namelessly evil. Cities built there had crumbled before their time, and had been found suddenly deserted.[1138] Then when the first great earth-buckling[1139] had convulsed the region in the Comanchian age,[1140] a frightful line of peaks had shot suddenly up amidst the most appalling din and chaos—and earth had received her loftiest and most terrible mountains.
If the scale of the carvings was correct, these abhorred things must have been much over 40,000[1141] feet high—radically vaster than even the shocking mountains of madness we had crossed. They extended, it appeared,[1142] from about Latitude 77°, E. Longitude 70° to Latitude 70°, E. Longitude 100°—less than 300[1143] miles away from the dead city, so that we would have spied their dreaded summits in the dim western distance had it not been for that vague[1144] opalescent haze. Their northern end must likewise be visible from the long Antarctic Circle[1145] coast-line[1146] at Queen Mary Land.