CHAPTER 92
Ambergris
Now this ambergris is a very curious substance, and so important as anarticle of commerce, that in 1791 a certain Nantucket-born Captain Coffinwas examined at the bar of the English House of Commons on that subject.For at that time, and indeed until a comparatively late day,the precise origin of ambergris remained, like amber itself,a problem to the learned. Though the word ambergris is but the Frenchcompound for grey amber, yet the two substances are quite distinct.For amber, though at times found on the sea-coast, is also dug up in somefar inland soils, whereas ambergris is never found except upon the sea.Besides, amber is a hard, transparent, brittle, odorless substance,used for mouth-pieces to pipes, for beads and ornaments; but ambergrisis soft, waxy, and so highly fragrant and spicy, that it is largely usedin perfumery, in pastiles, precious candles, hair-powders, and pomatum.The Turks use it in cooking, and also carry it to Mecca, for the samepurpose that frankincense is carried to St. Peter's in Rome. Some winemerchants drop a few grains into claret, to flavor it.
Who would think, then, that such fine ladies and gentlemen shouldregale themselves with an essence found in the inglorious bowelsof a sick whale! Yet so it is. By some, ambergris is supposed to bethe cause, and by others the effect, of the dyspepsia in the whale.How to cure such a dyspepsia it were hard to say, unless by administeringthree or four boat loads of Brandreth's pills, and then running outof harm's way, as laborers do in blasting rocks.
I have forgotten to say that there were found in this ambergris,certain hard, round, bony plates, which at first Stubb thoughtmight be sailors' trousers buttons; but it afterwards turnedout that they were nothing, more than pieces of small squidbones embalmed in that manner.
Now that the incorruption of this most fragrant ambergrisshould be found in the heart of such decay; is this nothing?Bethink thee of that saying of St. Paul in Corinthians,about corruption and incorruption; how that we are sown in dishonor,but raised in glory. And likewise call to mind that sayingof Paracelsus about what it is that maketh the best musk.Also forget not the strange fact that of all things of ill-savor,Cologne-water, in its rudimental manufacturing stages,is the worst.
I should like to conclude the chapter with the above appeal,but cannot, owing to my anxiety to repel a charge often madeagainst whalemen, and which, in the estimation of some alreadybiased minds, might be considered as indirectly substantiatedby what has been said of the Frenchman's two whales.Elsewhere in this volume the slanderous aspersion has been disproved,that the vocation of whaling is throughout a slatternly,untidy business. But there is another thing to rebut.They hint that all whales always smell bad. Now how did thisodious stigma originate?
I opine, that it is plainly traceable to the first arrival ofthe Greenland whaling ships in London, more than two centuries ago.Because those whalemen did not then, and do not now, try outtheir oil at sea as the Southern ships have always done;but cutting up the fresh blubber in small bits, thrust it throughthe bung holes of large casks, and carry it home in that manner;the shortness of the season in those Icy Seas, and the sudden andviolent storms to which they are exposed, forbidding any other course.The consequence is, that upon breaking into the hold, and unloadingone of these whale cemeteries, in the Greenland dock, a savor isgiven forth somewhat similar to that arising from excavating an oldcity graveyard, for the foundations of a Lying-in Hospital.
I partly surmise also, that this wicked charge againstwhalers may be likewise imputed to the existence on the coastof Greenland, in former times, of a Dutch village calledSchmerenburgh or Smeerenberg, which latter name is the one usedby the learned Fogo Von Slack, in his great work on Smells,a text-book on that subject. As its name imports (smeer, fat;berg, to put up), this village was founded in order to afforda place for the blubber of the Dutch whale fleet to be tried out,without being taken home to Holland for that purpose.It was a collection of furnaces, fat-kettles, and oil sheds;and when the works were in full operation certainly gave forthno very pleasant savor. But all this is quite differentfrom a South Sea Sperm Whaler; which in a voyage of fouryears perhaps, after completely filling her hold with oil,does not, perhaps, consume fifty days in the business of boiling out;and in the state that it is casked, the oil is nearly scentless.The truth is, that living or dead, if but decently treated,whales as a species are by no means creatures of ill odor;nor can whalemen be recognised, as the people of the middleages affected to detect a Jew in the company, by the nose.Nor indeed can the whale possibly be otherwise than fragrant,when, as a general thing, he enjoys such high health;taking abundance of exercise; always out of doors; though, it is true,seldom in the open air. I say, that the motion of a Sperm Whale'sflukes above water dispenses a perfume, as when a musk-scentedlady rustles her dress in a warm parlor. What then shall I likenthe Sperm Whale to for fragrance, considering his magnitude?Must it not be to that famous elephant, with jewelled tusks,and redolent with myrrh, which was led out of an Indian townto do honor to Alexander the Great?