Or all Angelic Nature joind in one,

  835

  Equal to him begotten Son, by whom

  As by his Word the mighty Father made

  All things, ev’n thee, and all the Spirits of Heav’n

  By him created in thir bright degrees,

  Crownd them with Glory, and to thir Glory nam’d

  840

  Thrones, Dominations, Princedoms, Vertues, Powers,

  Essential Powers, nor by his Reign obscur’d,

  But more illustrious made, since he the Head

  One of our number thus reduc’t becomes,

  His Laws our Laws, all honour to him done

  845

  Returns our own. Cease then this impious rage,

  And tempt not these; but hast’n to appease

  Th’ incensed Father, and th’ incensed Son,

  While Pardon may be found in time besought

  So spake the fervent Angel, but his zeal

  850

  None seconded, as out of season judg’d,

  Or singular and rash, whereat rejoic’d

  Th’ Apostat, and more haughty thus repli’d.

  That we were formd then saist thou? and the work

  Of secondarie hands, by task transferd

  855

  From Father to his Son? strange point and new!

  Doctrin which we would know whence learnt: who saw

  When this creation was? rememberst thou

  Thy making, while the Maker gave thee being?

  We know no time when we were not as now;

  860

  Know none before us, self-begot, self-rais’d

  By our own quiek’ning power, when fatal course

  Had circl’d his full Orb, the birth mature

  Of this our native Heav’n, Ethereal Sons.

  Our puissance is our own, our own right hand

  865

  Shall teach us highest deeds, by proof to try

  Who is our equal: then thou shalt behold

  Whether by supplication we intend

  Address, and to begirt th’ Almighty Throne

  Beseeching or besieging. This report,

  870

  These tidings carrie to th’ anointed King;

  And fly, ere evil intercept thy flight.

  He said, and as the sound of waters deep

  Hoarce murmur echo’d to his words applause

  Through the infinite Host, nor less for that

  875

  The flaming Seraph fearless, though alone

  Encompass’d round with foes, thus answerd bold.

  O alienate from God, O spirit accurst,

  Forsak’n of all good; I see thy fall

  Determind, and thy hapless47 crew involv’d

  880

  In this perfidious fraud, contagion spred

  Both of thy crime and punishment: henceforth

  No more be troubl’d how to quit the yoke

  Of Gods Messiah; those indulgent Laws

  Will not be now voutsaf’t, other Decrees

  885

  Against thee are gon forth without recall;

  That Golden Scepter which thou didst reject

  Is now an Iron Rod to bruise and break

  Thy disobedience. Well thou didst advise,

  Yet not for thy advise or threats I fly

  890

  These wicked Tents devoted,48 least the wrauth

  Impendent, raging into sudden flame

  Distinguish not: for soon expect to feel

  His Thunder on thy head, devouring fire.

  Then who created thee lamenting learn,

  895

  When who can uncreate thee thou shalt know.

  So spake the Seraph Abdiel faithful found,

  Among the faithless, faithful only hee;

  Among innumerable false, unmov’d,

  Unshak’n, unseduc’d, unterrifi’d

  900

  His Loyaltie he kept, his Love, his Zeal;

  Nor number, nor example with him wrought

  To swerve from truth, or change his constant mind

  Though single. From amidst them forth he pass’d,

  Long way through hostile scorn, which he susteind

  905

  Superior, nor of violence fear’d aught;

  And with retorted49 scorn his back he turn’d

  On those proud Towrs to swift destruction doom’d.

  * * *

  1 exhalations.

  2 the balsam, source of balm.

  3 Compare IV, 802.

  4 The omniscience of God admits of evil, but the word may mean only “angel.”

  5 metrical.

  6 Venus (Lucifer as the morning star, Hesperus as the evening star).

  7 the sphere of fixed stars which circle the earth once every twenty-four hours. The “wandering Fires” are the planets Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn.

  8 the four elements variously combined.

  9 of one color.

  10 placed in embracement about, wedded to.

  11 literally, “medicine of God.”

  12 See Tobit viii.

  13 angels.

  14 telescope.

  15 Aegean islands.

  16 downward.

  17 wing.

  18 compliant.

  19 The unique and undying Phoenix rose from its own ashes in Heliopolis (“city of the sun”) rather than in the neighboring Egyptian city of Thebes, according to Ovid, Meta., XV, 391-407.

  20 colored blue.

  21 Hermes, whose sandals bore wings.

  22 fresh water, but implying the milk and honey of the Promised Land; see also SA, 550.

  23 most natural.

  24 India and the Indies (East) and America (West).

  25 the Black Sea or the Carthaginian coast. Alcinous’ gardens of perpetual spring and harvest were visited by Ulysses (Od., VII, 125 ff.).

  26 unfermented liquor and meads.

  27 unbumed; it is natural odor rather than that from incense.

  28 Roman goddess of fruits.

  29 Juno, Minerva, and Venus whose beauty was judged by Paris on Mt. Ida.

  30 begin to digest.

  31 Moon spots had been thought to be exhalations from earth.

  32 manna.

  33 overflows.

  34 referring to the chain of being which tends upward toward its creator. Man’s natural bodily spirits (ll. 483 ff.) are raised to the vital emotional spirits and then to the intellectual (animal) spirits. Thus man is able to reason, but his conclusions are those which angels know intuitively.

  35 the vegetative, sensitive, and rational souls of plants, animals, and men respectively.

  36 typologically, that is, as a foreshadowing of Heaven, according to William G. Madsen (PMLA, LXXV, 1960, 519-26), rather than Platonically as a simulation of Heaven.

  37 the time it would take a star to complete the equinoctial precession, around 26,000 years.

  38 flags suspended from crosspieces.

  39 not the creation of the Son, but his anointing as king; see Milton’s translation of Ps. 2 (verses 6-7).

  40 undividable.

  41 Beelzebub.

  42 Rev. xii. 4: And the dragon’s “tail drew the third part of the stars of heaven, and did cast them to the earth.”

  43 See note to II, 191.

  44 alluding also to his position at the Father’s right hand (see l. 606).

  45 referring to the three divisions of the nine orders of angels, but the order and division seem not to be those of Dionysius, which are: seraphim, cherubim, thrones; dominions, virtues, powers (potentates); principalities, archangels, angels.

  46 sphere.

  47 not only because they cannot have luck, but also because opposition to God does not allow a chance outcome. Thus such opposition as is proposed is a “fraud.”

  48 doomed.

  49 turned back.

  BOOK VI

  THE ARGUMENT

  Raphael continues to relate how Mic
hael and Gabriel were sent forth to battel against Satan and his Angels. The first Fight describ’d: Satan and his Powers retire under Night: He calls a Councel, invents devilish Engines, which in the second dayes Fight put Michael and his Angels to some disorder; but they at length pulling up Mountains overwhelm’d both the force and Machins of Satan: Yet the Tumult not so ending, God on the third day sends Messiah his Son, for whom he had reserv’d the glory of that Victory: Hee in the Power of his Father coming to the place, and causing all his Legions to stand still on either side, with his Chariot and Thunder driving into the midst of his Enemies, pursues them unable to resist towards the wall of Heaven; which opening, they leap down with horrour and confusion into the place of punishment prepar’d for them in the Deep: Messiah returns with triumph to his Father.

  All night the dreadless Angel unpursu’d

  Through Heav’ns wide Champain held his way, till Morn,

  Wak’t by the circling Hours, with rosie hand

  Unbarr’d the gates of Light. There is a Cave

  5

  Within the Mount of God, fast by his Throne,

  Where light and darkness in perpetual round

  Lodge and dislodge by turns, which makes through Heav’n

  Grateful vicissitude,1 like Day and Night;

  Light issues forth, and at the other dore

  10

  Obsequious2 darkness enters, till her hour

  To veil the Heav’n, though darkness there might well

  Seem twilight here; and now went forth the Morn

  Such as in highest Heav’n, arrayd in Gold

  Empyreal, from before her vanisht Night,

  15

  Shot through with orient Beams: when all the Plain

  Coverd with thick embatteld Squadrons bright,

  Chariots and flaming Armes, and fierie Steeds

  Reflecting blaze on blaze, first met his view:

  Warr he perceav’d, warr in procinct,3 and found

  20

  Already known what he for news had thought

  To have reported: gladly then he mixt

  Among those friendly Powers who him receav’d

  With joy and acclamations loud, that one

  That of so many Myriads fall’n, yet one

  25

  Returnd not lost: On to the sacred hill

  They led him high applauded, and present

  Before the seat supream; from whence a voice

  From midst a Golden Cloud thus mild was heard.

  Servant of God,4 well done, well hast thou fought

  30

  The better fight, who single hast maintaind

  Against revolted multitudes the Cause

  Of Truth, in word mightier then they in Armes;

  And for the testimonie of Truth hast born

  Universal reproach, far worse to bear

  35

  Then violence: for this was all thy care

  To stand approv’d in sight of God, though Worlds

  Judg’d thee perverse: the easier conquest now

  Remains thee, aided by this host of friends,

  Back on thy foes more glorious to return

  40

  Then scornd thou didst depart, and to subdue

  By force, who reason for thir Law refuse,

  Right reason for thir Law, and for thir King

  Messiah, who by right of merit Reigns.

  Go Michael of Celestial Armies Prince,

  45

  And thou in Military prowess next

  Gabriel, lead forth to Battel these my Sons

  Invincible, lead forth my armed Saints

  By Thousands and by Millions rang’d for fight;

  Equal in number to that Godless crew

  50

  Rebellious, them with Fire and hostile Armes

  Fearless assault, and to the brow of Heav’n

  Pursuing drive them out from God and bliss,

  Into thir place of punishment, the Gulf

  Of Tartarus, which ready opens wide

  55

  His fiery Chaos to receave thir fall.

  So spake the Sovran voice, and Clouds began

  To darken all the Hill, and smoak to rowl

  In duskie wreaths, reluctant flames, the signe

  Of wrauth awak’t: nor with less dread the loud

  60

  Ethereal Trumpet from on high gan blow:

  At which command the Powers Militant,

  That stood for Heav’n, in mighty Quadrate5 joyn’d

  Of Union irresistible, mov’d on

  In silence thir bright Legions, to the sound

  65

  Of instrumental Harmonie that breath’d

  Heroic Ardor to advent’rous deeds

  Under thir God-like Leaders, in the Cause

  Of God and his Messiah. On they move

  Indissolubly firm; nor obvious6 Hill,

  70

  Nor streit’ning7 Vale, nor Wood, nor Stream divides

  Thir perfet ranks; for high above the ground

  Thir march was, and the passive Air upbore

  Thir nimble tread, as when the total kind

  Of Birds in orderly array on wing

  75

  Came summond over Eden to receive

  Thir names of thee; so over many a tract

  Of Heav’n they march’d, and many a Province wide

  Tenfold the length of this terrene: at last

  Farr in th’ Horizon to the North appeer’d

  80

  From skirt to skirt a fierie Region, stretcht

  In battailous aspect, and neerer view

  Bristl’d with upright beams innumerable

  Of rigid Spears, and Helmets throng’d, and Shields

  Various, with boastful Argument8 portraid,

  85

  The banded Powers of Satan hasting on

  With furious expedition; for they weend

  That self-same day by fight, or by surprize

  To win the Mount of God, and on his Throne

  To set the envier of his State, the proud

  90

  Aspirer, but thir thoughts prov’d fond and vain

  In the mid way: though strange to us it seemd

  At first, that Angel should with Angel warr,

  And in fierce hosting9 meet, who wont to meet

  So oft in Festivals of joy and love

  95

  Unanimous, as sons of one great Sire

  Hymning th’ Eternal Father: but the shout

  Of Battel now began, and rushing sound

  Of onset ended soon each milder thought.

  High in the midst exalted as a God

  100

  Th’ Apostat in his Sun-bright Chariot sate

  Idol of Majestie Divine, enclos’d

  With Flaming Cherubim, and golden Shields;

  Then lighted from his gorgeous Throne, for now

  ’Twixt Host and Host but narrow space was left,

  105

  A dreadful intervall, and Front to Front

  Presented stood in terrible array

  Of hideous length: before the cloudie Van,

  On the rough edge of battel ere it joyn’d,

  Satan with vast and haughtie strides advanc’t,

  110

  Came towring, armd in Adamant and Gold;

  Abdiel that sight endur’d not, where he stood

  Among the mightiest, bent on highest deeds,

  And thus his own undaunted heart explores.

  O Heav’nl that such resemblance of the Highest

  115

  Should yet remain, where faith and realtie10

  Remain not; wherfore should not strength and might

  There fail where Vertue fails, or weakest prove

  Where boldest; though to sight unconquerable?

  His puissance, trusting in th’ Almightie’s aid,

  120

  I mean to try, whose Reason I have tri’d11

  Unsound and false; nor is it aught but jus
t,

  That he who in debate of Truth hath won,

  Should win in Arms, in both disputes alike

  Victor; though brutish that contest and foul,

  125

  When Reason hath to deal with force, yet so

  Most reason is that Reason overcome.

  So pondering, and from his armed Peers

  Forth stepping opposite, half way he met

  His daring foe, at this prevention more

  130

  Incens’t, and thus securely him defi’d.

  Proud, art thou met? thy hope was to have reacht

  The highth of thy aspiring unoppos’d,

  The Throne of God unguarded, and his side

  Abandond at the terror of thy Power

  135

  Or potent tongue; fool, not to think how vain

  Against th’ Omnipotent to rise in Arms;

  Who out of smallest things could without end

  Have rais’d incessant Armies to defeat

  Thy folly; or with solitarie hand

  140

  Reaching beyond all limit at one blow

  Unaided could have finisht thee, and whelmd

  Thy Legions under darkness; but thou seest

  All are not of thy Train; there be who Faith

  Prefer, and Pietie to God, though then

  145

  To thee not visible, when I alone

  Seemd in thy World erroneous to dissent

  From all: my Sect thou seest, now learn too late

  How few somtimes may know, when thousands err.

  Whom the grand foe with scornful eye askance

  150

  Thus answerd. Ill for thee, but in wisht hour

  Of my revenge, first sought for thou returnst

  From flight, seditious Angel, to receave

  Thy merited reward, the first assay12

  Of this right hand provok’t, since first that tongue

  155

  Inspir’d with contradiction durst oppose

  A third part of the Gods, in Synod met

  Thir Deities to assert, who while they feel

  Vigour Divine within them, can allow

  Omnipotence to none. But well thou comst