They err who count it glorious to subdue

  By Conquest far and wide, to over-run

  Large Countries, and in field great Battels win,

  Great Cities by assault: what do these Worthies,

  75

  But rob and spoil, burn, slaughter, and enslave

  Peaceable Nations, neighbouring, or remote,

  Made Captive, yet deserving freedom more

  Then those thir Conquerours, who leave behind

  Nothing but ruin wheresoe’re they rove,

  80

  And all the flourishing works of peace destroy,

  Then swell with pride, and must be titl’d Gods,

  Great Benefactors of mankind, Deliverers,

  Worship’t with Temple, Priest and Sacrifice;

  One is the Son of Jove, of Mars the other,4

  85

  Till Conquerour Death discover them scarce men,

  Rowling in brutish vices, and deform’d,

  Violent or shameful death thir due reward.

  But if there be in glory aught of good,

  It may by means far different be attain’d

  90

  Without ambition, war, or violence;

  By deeds of peace, by wisdom eminent,

  By patience, temperance; I mention still

  Him whom thy wrongs with Saintly patience born,

  Made famous in a Land and times obscure;

  95

  Who names not now with honour patient Job?

  Poor Socrates (who next more memorable?)

  By what he taught and suffer’d for so doing,

  For truths sake suffering death unjust, lives now

  Equal in fame to proudest Conquerours.

  100

  Yet if for fame and glory aught be done,

  Aught suffer’d; if young African5 for fame

  His wasted Country freed from Punic rage,

  The deed becomes unprais’d, the man at least,

  And loses, though but verbal, his reward.

  105

  Shall I seek glory then, as vain men seek

  Oft not deserv’d? I seek not mine, but his

  Who sent me, and thereby witness whence I am.

  To whom the Tempter murmuring thus reply’d.

  Think not so slight of glory; therein least

  110

  Resembling thy great Father: he seeks glory,

  And for his glory all things made, all things

  Orders and governs, nor content in Heav’n

  By all his Angels glorifi’d, requires

  Glory from men, from all men good or bad,

  115

  Wise or unwise, no difference, no exemption;

  Above all Sacrifice, or hallow’d gift

  Glory he requires, and glory he receives

  Promiscuous from all Nations, Jew, or Greek,

  Or Barbarous, nor exception hath declar’d;

  120

  From us his foes pronounc’t glory he exacts.

  To whom our Saviour fervently reply’d.

  And reason; since his word all things produc’d,

  Though chiefly not for glory as prime end,

  But to shew forth his goodness, and impart

  125

  His good communicable to every soul

  Freely; of whom what could he less expect

  Then glory and benediction, that is thanks,

  The slightest, easiest, readiest recompence

  From them who could return him nothing else,

  130

  And not returning that would likeliest render

  Contempt instead, dishonour, obloquy?

  Hard recompence, unsutable return

  For so much good, so much beneficence.

  But why should man seek glory? who of his own

  135

  Hath nothing, and to whom nothing belongs

  But condemnation, ignominy, and shame?

  Who for so many benefits receiv’d

  Turn’d recreant6 to God, ingrate and false,

  And so of all true good himself despoil’d,

  140

  Yet, sacrilegious, to himself would take

  That which to God alone of right belongs;

  Yet so much bounty is in God, such grace,

  That who advance his glory, not thir own,

  Them he himself to glory will advance.

  145

  So spake the Son of God; and here again

  Satan had not to answer, but stood struck

  With guilt of his own sin, for he himself

  Insatiable of glory had lost all,

  Yet of another Plea bethought him soon.

  150

  Of glory as thou wilt, said he, so deem,

  Worth or not worth the seeking, let it pass:

  But to a Kingdom thou art born, ordain’d

  To sit upon thy Father David’s Throne;

  By Mothers side thy Father, though thy right

  155

  Be now in powerful hands, that will not part

  Easily from possession won with arms;

  Judæa now and all the promis’d land

  Reduc’t a Province under Roman yoke,

  Obeys Tiberius; nor is always rul’d

  160

  With temperate sway; oft have they violated

  The Temple,7 oft the Law with foul affronts,

  Abominations rather, as did once

  Antiochus:8 and think’st thou to regain

  Thy right by sitting still or thus retiring?

  165

  So did not Machabeus:9 he indeed

  Retir’d unto the Desert, but with arms;

  And o’re a mighty King so oft prevail’d,

  That by strong hand his Family obtain’d,

  Though Priests, the Crown, and David’s Throne usurp’d,

  170

  With Modin and her Suburbs once content.

  If Kingdom move thee not, let move thee Zeal,

  And Duty; Zeal and Duty are not slow;

  But on Occasions forelock watchful wait.

  They themselves rather are occasion best,

  175

  Zeal of thy Fathers house, Duty to free

  Thy Country from her Heathen servitude;

  So shalt thou best fullfil, best verifie

  The Prophets old, who sung thy endless raign,

  The happier raign the sooner it begins,

  180

  Raign then; what canst thou better do the while?

  To whom our Saviour answer thus return’d.

  All things are best fullfil’d in their due time,

  And time there is for all things, Truth hath said:10

  If of my raign Prophetic Writ hath told,

  185

  That it shall never end, so when begin

  The Father in his purpose hath decreed,

  He in whose hand all times and seasons roul.

  What if he hath decreed that I shall first

  Be try’d in humble state, and things adverse,

  190

  By tribulations, injuries, insults,

  Contempts, and scorns, and snares, and violence,

  Suffering, abstaining, quietly expecting

  Without distrust or doubt, that he may know

  What I can suffer, how obey? who best

  195

  Can suffer, best can do; best reign, who first

  Well hath obey’d; just tryal e’re I merit

  My exaltation without change or end.

  But what concerns it thee when I begin

  My everlasting Kingdom, why art thou

  200

  Sollicitous, what moves thy inquisition?

  Know’st thou not that my rising is thy fall,

  And my promotion will be thy destruction?

  To whom the Tempter inly rackt reply’d.

  Let that come when it comes; all hope is lost

  205

  Of my reception into grace; what worse?

  For where no hope is
left, is left no fear;

  If there be worse, the expectation more

  Of worse torments me then the feeling can.

  I would be at the worst; worst is my Port,

  210

  My harbour and my ultimate repose,

  The end I would attain, my final good.

  My error was my error, and my crime

  My crime; whatever for it self condemn’d,

  And will alike be punish’d; whether thou

  215

  Raign or raign not; though to that gentle brow

  Willingly I could fly, and hope thy raign,

  From that placid aspect and meek regard,

  Rather then aggravate my evil state,

  Would stand between me and thy Fathers ire

  220

  (Whose ire I dread more then the fire of Hell),

  A shelter and a kind of shading cool

  Interposition, as a summers cloud.

  If I then to the worst that can be hast,

  Why move thy feet so slow to what is best,

  225

  Happiest both to thy self and all the world,

  That thou who worthiest art should’st be thir King?

  Perhaps thou linger’st in deep thoughts detain’d

  Of the enterprize so hazardous and high;

  No wonder, for though in thee be united

  230

  What of perfection can in man be found,

  Or human nature can receive, consider

  Thy life hath yet been private, most part spent

  At home, scarce view’d the Gallilean Towns,

  And once a year Jerusalem, few days

  235

  Short sojourn; and what thence could’st thou observe?

  The world thou hast not seen, much less her glory,

  Empires, and Monarchs, and thir radiant Courts,

  Best school of best experience, quickest insight

  In all things that to greatest actions lead.

  240

  The wisest, unexperienc’t, will be ever

  Timorous and loth, with novice modesty

  (As he11 who seeking Asses found a Kingdom),

  Irresolute, unhardy, unadventrous:

  But I will bring thee where thou soon shalt quit

  245

  Those rudiments,12 and see before thine eyes

  The Monarchies of th’ Earth, thir pomp and state,

  Sufficient introduction to inform

  Thee, of thy self so apt, in regal Arts,

  And regal Mysteries; that thou may’st know

  250

  How best their opposition to withstand.

  With that (such power was giv’n him then) he took

  The Son of God up to a Mountain high.

  It was a Mountain at whose verdant feet

  A spatious plain out stretch’t in circuit wide

  255

  Lay pleasant; from his side two rivers13 flow’d,

  Th’ one winding, th’ other strait and left between

  Fair Champain with less rivers interveind,

  Then meeting joyn’d thir tribute to the Sea:

  Fertil of corn the glebe,14 of oyl and wine,

  260

  With herds the pastures throng’d, with flocks the hills,

  Huge Cities and high towr’d, that well might seem

  The seats of mightiest Monarchs, and so large

  The Prospect was, that here and there was room

  For barren desert fountainless and dry.

  265

  To this high mountain top the Tempter brought

  Our Saviour, and new train of words began.

  Well have we speeded, and o’re hill and dale,

  Forest and field, and flood, Temples and Towers

  Cut shorter many a league; here thou behold’st

  270

  Assyria and her Empires antient bounds,

  Araxes15 and the Caspian lake, thence on

  As far as Indus East, Euphrates West,

  And oft beyond; to South the Persian Bay,

  And inaccessible th’ Arabian drouth:16

  275

  Here Ninevee, of length within her wall

  Several days journey, built by Ninus old,

  Of that first golden Monarchy the seat,

  And seat of Salmanassar,17 whose success

  Israel in long captivity still mourns;

  280

  There Babylon the wonder of all tongues,

  As antient, but rebuilt by him18 who twice

  Judah and all thy Father David’s house

  Led captive, and Jerusalem laid waste,

  Till Cyrus19 set them free; Persepolis

  285

  His City there thou seest, and Bactra there;

  Ecbatana her structure vast there shews,

  And Hecatompylos her hunderd gates,

  There Susa by Choaspes, amber stream,

  The drink of none but Kings; of later fame

  290

  Built by Emathian,20 or by Parthian21 hands,

  The great Seleucia, Nisibis, and there

  Artaxata, Teredon, Ctesiphon,

  Turning with easie eye thou may’st behold.

  All these the Parthian, now some Ages past,

  295

  By great Arsaces led, who founded first

  That Empire, under his dominion holds

  From the luxurious Kings of Antioch22 won.

  And just in time thou com’st to have a view

  Of his great power; for now the Parthian King

  300

  In Ctesiphon hath gather’d all his Host

  Against the Scythian,23 whose incursions wild

  Have wasted Sogdiana; to her aid

  He marches now in hast; see, though from far,

  His thousands, in what martial equipage

  305

  They issue forth, Steel Bows, and Shafts their arms

  Of equal dread in flight, or in pursuit;

  All Horsemen, in which fight they most excel;

  See how in warlike muster they appear,

  In Rhombs and wedges, and half moons, and wings.

  310

  He look’t and saw what numbers numberless

  The City gates out powr’d, light armed Troops

  In coats of Mail and military pride;

  In Mail thir horses clad, yet fleet and strong,

  Prauncing their riders bore, the flower and choice

  315

  Of many Provinces from bound to bound;

  From Arachosia, from Candaor East,

  And Margiana to the Hyrcanian cliffs

  Of Caucasus, and dark Iberian24 dales,

  From Atropatia and the neighbouring plains

  320

  Of Adiabene, Media, and the South

  Of Susiana to Balsara’s hav’n.

  He saw them in thir forms of battell rang’d,

  How quick they wheel’d, and flying behind them shot

  Sharp fleet of arrowie showers against the face

  325

  Of thir pursuers, and overcame by flight;

  The field all iron cast a gleaming brown,

  Not wanted clouds of foot, nor on each horn,

  Cuirassiers all in steel for standing fight;

  Chariots or Elephants endorst25 with Towers

  330

  Of Archers, nor of labouring Pioners

  A multitude with Spades and Axes arm’d

  To lay hills plain, fell woods, or valleys fill,

  Or where plain was raise hill, or over-lay

  With bridges rivers proud, as with a yoke;

  335

  Mules after these, Camels and Dromedaries,

  And Waggons fraught with Utensils of war.

  Such forces met not, nor so wide a camp,

  When Agrican26 with all his Northern powers

  Besieg’d Albracca, as Romances tell;

  340

  The City of Gallaphrone, from thence to win

  The fairest of
her Sex Angelica

  His daughter, sought by many Prowest27 Knights,

  Both Paynim, and the Peers of Charlemane.

  Such and so numerous was thir Chivalrie;

  345

  At sight whereof the Fiend yet more presum’d,

  And to our Saviour thus his words renew’d.

  That thou may’st know I seek not to engage

  Thy Vertue, and not every way secure

  On no slight grounds thy safety; hear, and mark

  350

  To what end I have brought thee hither and shewn

  All this fair sight; thy Kingdom though foretold

  By Prophet or by Angel, unless thou

  Endeavour, as thy Father David did,

  Thou never shalt obtain; prediction still

  355

  In all things, and all men, supposes means,

  Without means us’d, what it predicts revokes.

  But say thou wert possess’d of David’s Throne

  By free consent of all, none opposite,

  Samaritan or Jew;28 how could’st thou hope

  360

  Long to enjoy it quiet and secure,

  Between two such enclosing enemies

  Roman and Parthian? therefore one of these

  Thou must make sure thy own, the Parthian first

  By my advice, as nearer and of late

  365

  Found able by invasion to annoy

  Thy country, and captive lead away her Kings

  Antigonus, and old Hyrcanus bound,

  Maugre the Roman:29 it shall be my task

  To render thee the Parthian at dispose;

  370

  Chuse which thou wilt by conquest or by league.

  By him thou shalt regain, without him not,

  That which alone can truly reinstall thee

  In David’s royal seat, his true Successour,

  Deliverance of thy brethren, those ten Tribes30

  375

  Whose off-spring in his Territory yet serve

  In Habor, and among the Medes dispers’t,

  Ten Sons of Jacob, two of Joseph lost

  Thus long from Israel; serving as of old

  Thir Fathers in the land of Egypt serv’d,