Vasari, Giorgio. Lives of the Artists. New York: Penguin Books, 1982.

  Walker, John. James Abbott McNeill Whistler. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1987.

  Wangensteen, Owen H., and Sarah D. Wangensteen. The Rise of Surgery: From Empiric Craft to Scientific Discipline. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1978.

  Warner, Charles Dudley, ed. American Men of Letters. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1883.

  Warner, John Harley. Against the Spirit of System: The French Impulse in Nineteenth-Century American Medicine. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1998.

  Warren, Jonathan Mason. The Parisian Education of an American Surgeon: Letters of Jonathan Mason Warren (1832–1835). Edited by Russell Jones. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1978.

  Washburne, Elihu B. Franco-German War and the Insurrection of the Commune. Correspondence of E. B. Washburne. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1878.

  ———. Recollections of a Minister to France, 1869–1877. Vols. I–II. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1887.

  Washburne, Mark. A Biography of Elihu Benjamin Washburne: Congressman, Secretary of State, Envoy Extraordinary. Vols. III–IV. Philadelphia: Xlibris, 2005, 2007.

  Wawro, Geoffrey. The Franco-Prussian War: The German Conquest of France in 1870–1871. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.

  Weber, Eugen. France: Fin de Siècle. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1986.

  ———. My France: Politics, Culture, Myth. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1991.

  ———. Peasants into Frenchmen: The Modernization of Rural France, 1870–1914. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1976.

  Webster, Daniel. The Papers of Daniel Webster. Diplomatic Papers. Vol. II, 1850–1852. Edited by Kenneth Shewmaker and Kenneth Stevens. Hanover, N.H.: Dartmouth College by the University Press of New England, 1987.

  Webster, Sally. William Morris Hunt. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1991.

  Weigley, Russell F., ed. Philadelphia: A 300 Year History. New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1982.

  Weinberg, H. Barbara. Childe Hassam: American Impressionist. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2004.

  ———. The Lure of Paris: Nineteenth-Century American Painters and Their French Teachers. New York: Abbeville Press, 1991.

  Weintraub, Stanley. Whistler: A Biography. New York: Truman Talley Books, 1974. Weisberger, Bernard A. Statue of Liberty: The First Hundred Years. New York: American Heritage, 1985.

  Weitzenhoffer, Frances. The Havemeyers: Impressionism Comes to America. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1986.

  Welles, Gideon. Diary of Gideon Welles. Vol. III. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1911.

  Wharton, Edith. A Backward Glance: An Autobiography. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1964.

  Wharton, Edith, and Ogden Codman, Jr. The Decoration of Houses. New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1997.

  White, Edmund. The Flâneur: A Stroll Through the Paradoxes of Paris. London: Bloomsbury Publishing, 2001.

  White, Elizabeth Brett. American Opinion of France from Lafayette to Poincaré. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1927.

  White, Stanford. Stanford White: Letters to His Family. Edited by Claire Nicolas White. New York: Rizzoli International Publications, 1997.

  Wilkinson, Burke. Uncommon Clay: The Life and Works of Augustus Saint-Gaudens. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1985.

  Willard, Emma. Journal and Letters, from France and Great Britain. Troy, N.Y.: N. Tuttle, Printer, 1833.

  Williams, Ellen. The Historic Restaurants of Paris. New York: Little Book Room, n.d.

  Willis, Nathaniel Parker. Paul Fane; or, Parts of a Life Else Untold. New York: Charles Scribner, 1857.

  ———. Pencillings by the Way: Written During Some Years of Residence and Travel in Europe. Auburn, N.Y.: Alden, Beardsley & Co., 1854.

  Willson, Beckles. America’s Ambassadors to France (1777–1927). London: John Murray, 1928.

  Wilson, Forrest. Crusader in Crinoline: The Life of Harriet Beecher Stowe. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Co., 1941.

  Wright, Nathalia. Horatio Greenough: The First American Sculptor. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1963.

  Young, Dorothy Weir. The Life and Letters of J. Alden Weir. New York: Da Capo Press, 1971.

  Young, Sylvia. Cecilia Beaux: American Figure Painter. Atlanta: High Museum of Art, 2007.

  Zola, Émile. The Debacle. Translated by Leonard Tancock. New York: Penguin Group, 1972.

  Articles

  Gibson, Eric. “Augustus Saint-Gaudens and the American Monument.” New Criterion, October 2009, 43–46.

  Gilder, Richard Watson. “The Farragut Monument.” Scribner’s, Vol. XXII (June 1881), 164.

  Hagans, William E. “Saint-Gaudens, Zorn, and the Goddesslike Miss Anderson.” American Art, Vol. 16, no. 2 (Summer 2002).

  Hess, Stephen. “An American in Paris.” American Heritage, February 1967, 18–73.

  Jones, Russell M. “American Doctors and the Parisian Medical World, 1830–1840.” Bulletin of the History of Medicine, Vol. XLVII, no. 1 (January–February 1973).

  ———. “American Doctors and the Parisian Medical World, 1830–1840 (Concluded).” Bulletin of the History of Medicine, Vol. XLVII, no. 2 (March–April 1973).

  ———. “An American Medical Student in Paris, 1831–1833.” Harvard Library Bulletin, Vol. XV, no. 1 (January 1967).

  Sloane, Joseph C. “Manet and History.” Art Quarterly, Vol. XIV, no. 2 (Summer 1951).

  Sparks, Jared. “Political Portraits, with Pen and Pencil.” United States Magazine and Democratic Review, Vol. VII (1840).

  Tanner, Henry O. “The Story of an Artist’s Life.” Part II, The World’s Work (July 1909), 11769–75.

  Tatham, David. “Samuel F. B. Morse’s Gallery of the Louvre: The Figures in the Foreground.” American Art Journal, Vol. XIII, no. 4 (Autumn 1981).

  Voss, Frederick. “Webster Replying to Hayne: George Healy and the Economics of History Painting.” American Art, Vol. XV, no. 3 (Fall 2001).

  Washburne, Elihu. “Abraham Lincoln in Illinois.” North American Review, October 1885, 307–19.

  White, Laura. “Was Charles Sumner Shamming, 1856–1869?” New England Quarterly, Vol. 33, no. 3 (September 1960).

  General References

  Baedeker, Karl. Paris and Environs with Routes from London to Paris. London: Dulau & Co., 1888.

  ———. Paris and Environs with Routes from London to Paris. London: Dulau & Co., 1904.

  Baedeker’s France. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, n.d.

  Berkow, Robert, ed. The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy. 16th edition. Rahway, N.J.: Merck Research Laboratories, 1992.

  Boucher, François. 20,000 Years of Fashion: The History of Costume and Personal Adornment. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1965.

  Boyer, Paul S., ed. The Oxford Companion to United States History. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.

  Brogan, Hugh. The Penguin History of the United States of America. New York: Penguin Books, 1985.

  Cole, Robert. A Traveller’s History of France. 7th edition. New York: Interlink Books, 2005.

  Dictionary of American Biography. Edited by Allen Johnson. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1964.

  Foner, Eric, and John A. Garraty, eds. The Reader’s Companion to American History. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1991.

  Galignani’s New Paris Guide. Paris: A. & W. Galignani, 1827.

  Galignani’s New Paris Guide. Paris: A. & W. Galignani & Co., 1848.

  Galignani’s New Paris Guide. Paris: Galignani Library, 1883.

  Gerrard, Mike. Bloom’s Literary Guide to Paris. New York: Checkmark Books, 2007.

  Gowing, Sir Lawrence, ed. A Biographical Dictionary of Artists. New York: Facts on File, 1995.

  Grant, Susan. Paris: A Guide to Archival Sources for American Art History. Washington, D.C.: Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution, 1997.


  Gray, Henry. Anatomy: Descriptive and Surgical. Edited by T. Pickering Pick and Robert Howden. New York: Gramercy Books, 1977.

  Guterman, Norbert. The Anchor Book of French Quotations. New York: Anchor Books Editions, 1990.

  The Houghton Mifflin Dictionary of Biography. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 2003.

  Kloss, William, and Diane K. Skvarla. United States Senate Catalogue of Fine Art. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2002.

  Kronenberger, Louis, ed. Atlantic Brief Lives: A Biographical Companion to the Arts. Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1971.

  Kullen, Allan S. The Peopling of America: A Timeline of Events That Helped Shape Our Nation. Beltsville, Md.: People of America Foundation, 1993.

  Latham, Alison, ed. The Oxford Companion to Music. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003.

  Lejeune, Anthony, ed. Quote Unquote, French. London: Stacey International, 2008.

  Lyons, Albert S., and R. Joseph Petrucelli II. Medicine: An Illustrated History. New York: Abradale Press, 1987.

  The Oxford Dictionary of Quotations. Revised 4th edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996.

  Paris Plan. Paris: Pneu Michelin, 1987.

  Paris Pratique: Par Arrondissement. Paris: Éditions L’Indispensable, 2005.

  Paris Restaurants: 2007–08. Edited by Alexander Lobrano, Mary Deschamps, and Troy Segal. New York: Zagat Survey, 2007.

  Ribeiro, Aileen. The Art of Dress: Fashion in England and France, 1750 to 1820. New York: National Academy of Design, 1982.

  Rood, Karen Lane, ed. Dictionary of Literary Biography: American Writers in Paris, 1920–1939. Vol. IV. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1980.

  Shapiro, Fred R., ed. The Yale Book of Quotations. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006.

  Newspapers and Journals

  American Register (Paris)

  Antiques Magazine

  Galignani’s Messenger (Paris)

  Harper’s Weekly

  New York Commercial Advertiser

  New York Evening Post

  New York Herald

  NewYork Mirror

  New York Times

  New York Tribune

  Paris Daily Messenger

  Paris Herald

  The Times (London)

  INDEX

  Abbey, Edwin Austin, 409, 410, 415, 431, 454

  Abyssinia, 361

  Académie des Sciences, French, 155

  Académie Julian, 411, 413, 416, 427

  Accademia di Belle Arti, 347

  Adams, Abigail, 56

  Adams, Clover, 252, 440

  Adams, Henry, 252, 440–42

  in Amiens Cathedral trip, 444–46

  at 1900 Universal Exposition, 447–48

  Adams, John, 3, 10–11, 104, 329, 444

  Adams, John Quincy, 82–83, 129, 149, 150, 180, 197

  Healy’s portrait of, 147–48

  Adams Memorial (The Peace of God), 430, 440–41

  Affre, Denis, 186–87

  African Methodist Episcopal Church, 427

  Agnew, Cornelius, 241

  Alabama, CSS, 245

  Albany, 14, 225

  Albert, Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, 219

  Albion, 12

  Alcott, Louisa May, 388

  Alcott, May, 388

  Alexander, John White, 427

  Alexander III, Pope, 40

  Algeria, 187

  Alhambra, 389

  Allston, Washington, 76, 77–78, 79, 96, 150

  Almonaster y Rojas, Micaela, 164

  Alsace, 303

  Ambassadors, The (James), 428

  American, The (James), 332, 351

  American Academy of Arts, 84

  American Ambulance, 286, 289, 290–91, 292, 300

  American Dictionary of the English Language (Webster), 83–84

  American Geography, The (Morse), 76

  American Impressionists, 411–12

  American in Paris, The (Sanderson), 58

  American International Sanitary Committee, 262

  American Legation, 271, 282, 290, 297

  American Museum, 160–61

  American Register, 351, 414

  American Revolution, 10, 104

  Amiens Cathedral, 444–46

  Amor Caritas (Saint-Gaudens), 430, 433, 437, 448–49

  Amphithéâtre d’Anatomie, 116

  Anderson, Abraham, 415

  Anderson, Hettie, 436

  Andral, Gabriel, 105, 118, 123

  Angelina (model), 359

  Appleton, Frances “Fanny,” 9, 16, 146, 228

  Appleton, Nathan, 336

  Appleton, Thomas Gold, 16–18, 33–34, 52, 57, 146, 191, 223, 336, 424

  Sumner’s relationship with, 226–29

  April Showers (Hassam), 412

  Arago, Dominique-François-Jean, 155, 177, 231

  Arc de Triomphe, 43, 148, 271, 319, 362, 416

  German army’s march through, 305

  in redesign of Paris, 207, 210

  in siege of Paris, 267

  Stowe’s visit to, 214

  architecture, 331, 368

  of Amiens Cathedral, 444–46

  of École de Médecine, 106

  of Hôtel Dieu, 104

  of Paris, 40, 46–47, 450

  of Rouen Cathedral, 23–24

  Archives de Médecine, 327

  Arctic, 210, 219

  Armstrong, Maitland, 365, 384

  Army and Navy Journal, 374

  Art, L’, 382

  Art Journal, 397

  “art missionaries,” 411

  Art Students League, 431

  Atlantic, 210, 333

  Atlantic cable, 231–33

  Atlantic Monthly, 134, 428

  Auber, Daniel-François, 257

  Audubon, John James, 143

  Austen, Jane, 70

  Austerlitz, Battle of, 43

  Austin, Mary, 349

  “Autocrat of the Breakfast Table, The” (Holmes), 134

  automobile, 445

  Avegno, Madame, 403

  avenue de l’Impératrice, 208, 267, 271, 312, 355

  avenue de l’Opéra, 208

  Avet, Louis, 241–42, 243

  Bacon, Henry, 243

  Ball, Thomas, 360

  Ballet Rehearsal (Répétition de Ballet) (Degas), 342

  balloon mail, 280

  Balzac, Honoré de, 10, 31, 63, 336, 410

  Balzac (Rodin), 449

  “Bamboula” (Gottschalk), 176

  Barksdale, William, 278

  Barnard, Fred, 410

  Barnum, P. T., 160–63, 166, 176

  Barrière de Clichy, 37

  Bartholdi, Frédéric-Auguste, 334, 350, 356, 377, 404

  Bateaux Mouches, 247

  Baudelaire, Charles, 10, 174

  Beauregard, P. G. T., 235, 336

  Beaux, Cecilia, 411, 415, 448

  Beckwith, James Carroll, 335, 343–44, 348–49, 372, 389, 392, 415

  Bedloe’s Island, 405

  Beecher, Charles, 212–13, 214

  Beethoven, Ludwig van, 256, 366

  beggars, 36

  Belgium, 269

  Bell, Alexander Graham, 406

  Bennett, James Gordon, 140, 148

  Benson, Frank, 411

  Berlioz, Hector, 165

  Bernhardt, Sarah, 367

  Bertrand, M., 424

  Berville, J., 165

  Bettoli, Parmetto, 338–39

  Biddle, George, 456