Bird migration 146
Birmingham, England, as intellectual centre 209–10; sacking of Priestley’s house in 114
Blake, William (1757–1827) 73, 195, 213; Auguries of Innocence 266; Songs of Innocence 312
Blood groups, human, New World 75
Blumenbach, Johann Friedrich (1752–1840), skull collection, Göttingen 278–9
Boccioni, Umberto (1882–1916), The Forces of a Street 251; Dynamism of a Cyclist 251
Bohr, Niels Henrik David (1885–1962) 252, 253–6, 264; On the Constitution of Atoms and Molecules 254
Boltzmann, Ludwig (1844–1906) 262, 265–6
Borgrajewicz, Stephan (1910) 267, 269
Born, Max (1882–1970) 275, 276, 277, 279
Boswell, James (1740–1799), Life of Johnson 211
Boulton, Matthew (1728–1809) 209, 211
Bourbon, Royal House of, France 203, 287
Bow-lathe 63–4
Brain 307, 310–19, 327; and locomotion 20, 28–9; evolution of human 31–3, 34, 36; -hand relations 90–3
Braque, Georges (1882–1963), Houses at L’Estaque 251
Brecht, Bertolt (1898–1956) 279
Bridgewater, Francis Egerton, 3rd Duke of (1736–1803) 199–200
Brindley, James (1716–1772) 199–200
Broglie, Louis Victor, prince de (1892) 277
Bronowski, Jacob (1908–1974), The Identity of Man 312
Bronze 101; calligraphy on 100; discovery of, Middle East 99; Shang and Chou bronzes 99
Brooke, Rupert (1887–1915) 255
Browne, Sir Thomas (1605–1682), The Garden of Cyrus 74
Brunelleschi, Filippo (1379–1446) 138
Bruno, Giordano (1548–1600) 151, 155, 156
Brutus, Marcus Junius (c.85–42 BC) 91
Buddha, Gautama, prince Siddhartha (563–483 BC) 314–15
Buddhism, in Mongol Empire 71, 314–15, 328
Buz Kashi, game of, Afghanistan 66–9
Calculator, historical and modern 130, 151
Calculus, the 142, 171, 177, 183–4
Canal 199–201; Manchester to Worsley 199–200
Canyon de Chelly, National Monument, Arizona 74, 76–8
Carbon 260, 298
Carbon dioxide 116–18, 239
Carnot, Nicolas Léonard Sadi (1796–1832), La Puissance Motrice du Feu 212
Caron, Pierre Augustin, Comte de Beaumarchais (1732–1799) 201–3; The Marriage of Figaro 201–3
Carpaccio, Vittore (c.1450–1522), St Ursula 139
Carrara marble quarries, Italy 91
Carroll, Lewis (Charles Lutwidge Dodgson) (1832–1898), Alice in Wonderland 191
Catherine II, the Great, empress of Russia (1729–1796) 208
Cellini, Benvenuto (1500–1571), Memoirs of Benvenuto Cellini 104–5
Celsus Aurelius (fl.14 AD) 111
Centaur, Greek legend of 66
Chadwick, Sir James (1891–1974) 258, 259, 264–5
Chagall, Marc (1887) 279
Chaucer, Geoffrey (c.1340–1400), Treatise on the Astrolabe 130, 199
Chemistry 101–2, 103, 109, 242, 243–51
China 309, 320, 329; alchemy in 107; ancestor worship in 93; Shang Dynasty in 99
Christ, Jesus (c.9 BC–33 AD) 21, 74, 76, 98, 120, 128, 129, 148, 319, 320, 322
City, the organisation of 70–1, 80, 82
Clausius, Rudolf Julius Emanuel (1822–1888) 262
Codex 1181 156–7, 165–7
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor (1772–1834) 212–13; Kubla Khan 70; Rime of the Ancient Mariner 212–13
Columbus, Christopher (1451–1506) 78, 109, 132, 145, 147
Continental drift, theory of 59, 73
Copernicus, Nicolaus (1473–1543) 112, 148–50, 155, 157, 158, 160–1, 162, 163, 164, 169, 253; De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium 150
Copper 98–9, 116; in Ancient Persia 97–8; in Inca Empire 82; melting point of 102
Cordoba, Great Mosque, Spain 86
Cowper, William (1731–1800) 189
Crabbe, George (1754–1832) 198–9
Crick, Francis H. Compton (1916) 296–8, 299, 300
Cromwell, Oliver (1599–1658) 170, 285
Crystal lattice 243–52, 272; of elements of Periodic Table 243–51; of metals 98, 99, 103; of pyrites, fluorite, diamond, iceland spar 135–6; see also Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
Dalton, John (1766–1844) 116–18, 244
Dart, Raymond (1893) 26
Darwin, Charles Robert (1809–1882) 22, 210, 219, 221–2, 226, 229, 231–2, 233, 234, 235, 238, 241, 259, 265, 295; at Downe House 231; correspondence with A. R. Wallace 233–4; A Naturalist’s Voyage on HMS Beagle 229; The Descent of Man 22; On the Origin of Species 22, 233, 234
Darwin, Erasmus (1731–1802) 210
Defoe, Daniel (1661?–1731), Robinson Crusoe 146
Delayed response 326–7
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) 20–1, 90, 240, 241, 272, 296–302
Democracy, ideal of 208, 287, 293, 296, 309, 326–8
Descartes, René (1596–1650) 167
Dickens, Charles (1812–1870) 319
Discovery, scientific 21, 23, 26, 76, 77, 88, 91–2, 111, 118, 153, 181
Dome, invention of 88, 129
Domestication of animals 41, 48, 50, 51, 59, 62, 64–5, 69
Dondi, Giovanni de (1318–1389) 147
Donne, John (1572–1631), The Extasie 308
Draught animals, Bakhtiari 51, 62, 64–5; analogy with machine 64; reindeer as 41, 42
Dryopithecus africanus, see Proconsul africanus; Dryopithecus fontani, Dryopithecus indicus and Dryopithecus sivalensis 33
Dürer, Albrecht (1471–1528), The Adoration of the Magi 140
Durham, Terry (1930), Portrait of Dr Bronowski 314
Easter Island 21, 145–6, 150, 319–20
Eddington, Sir Arthur Stanley (1882–1944) 193
Egypt, Ancient 80, 123, 124, 143, 320, 326, 328
Einstein, Albert (1879–1955) 188–96, 259, 279, 281–4, 322; The Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies 192; The World As I See It 195
Electrons 250–1, 253–4, 255–6, 257, 272, 276, 277
Elements, Chemical 104, 105, 116, 259–64; Greek view of 95, 113; periodic table of the 245–50
Embryological development 319; in grunion 19–20, 296; in chick 301–2
Engels, Friedrich (1820–1895), see Marx, Karl Heinrich
Engineering 83, 143, 199, 209–11, 214, 327
Entropy theory, Physics 261–6
Erasmus, Desiderius (c.1466–1536) 112, 321; In Praise of Folly 322
Evolution, biological 222–34, 241, 303–4, 310, 316; by natural selection 19–20, 37, 47–8, 295–6; by sexual selection in man 304–8; cultural 20, 22, 23–5, 34–9, 47, 48; of matter 235, 259–60; see also Brain, Teeth
Eskimo sculpture 92
Euclid (fl.300 BC) 127, 137, 178, 329; The Elements of Geometry 127
Faraday, Michael (1791–1867) 205
Fermentation 236, 238, 239
Fermi, Enrico (1901–1954) 258, 260, 265, 279, 281
Fertile Crescent, the, Near East 56, 57, 58, 74, 80
Fire, as analyser 97–8, 113; as a process 113; as purifier 95–6, 108; in Stone Age 35, 42; legends of 96–7
Foramen magnum, base of skull 26, 32
Foresight, human 30–1, 44–5, 53, 90, 281, 314, 317–20, 326, 327
Francis I, king of France (1494–1547) 104–5
Franklin, Benjamin (1706–1790) 92, 114, 115, 204–6, 210; Poor Richard’s Almanack 204; drafting of Declaration of Independence 206
Franz Josef I, emperor of Austria (1830–1916) 288, 293
Freud, Sigmund (1856–1939) 279
Frobenius, Johann (c.1460–1527) 112, 321, 322
Galen, Claudius (c.130–200) 137, 310
Galileo Galilei (1564–1642) 151–68, 169, 170, 197, 253, 279; Dialogue on the Great World Systems (1632) 159, 160, 169; see Codex 1811; The Starry Messenger (Siderius Nuncius) 153–4; Trial of 156, 161–7, 253; Two New
Sciences 167
Games: bowls 116; chess 66, 324–5; children’s 124; mathematicians 123; patience 245–6; power 223; Theory 324–5; see also Buz Kashi
Gandhi, Mahatma (1869–1948) 322
Garstang, John (1876–1956) 53
Gauss, Karl Friedrich (1777–1855) 272–4, 319; Gaussian curve 273, 277
Gay, John (1685–1732), The Beggar’s Opera 182; Three Hours after Marriage 182–4
Gazelle, Grant’s 25, 29, 30
Genetics, history of Mendel’s ideas on 290–6; of axolotI 302–4; of colour blindness 116; of lip in Habsburgs 288; of pea 290–5; of skin colour, man 25; of wheat 53–5
Genghis Khan (1162–1227) 66, 69–70, 102
Geology 23, 73
George II, king of England (1683–1760) 275
George III, king of England (1738–1820) 206
Gerard of Cremona (c.1114–1187) 137
Germanium, identification of 249–50
Getsu, sword-maker 102–3
Ghiberti, Lorenzo (1378–1455) 138
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von (1749–1832) 217
Gold 82, 95, 104–8, 111, 118, 183
Goldsmith, Oliver (1728–1774), The Descried Village 198
Greece, science and culture in 61, 62, 82, 83, 104, 120–6, 137, 243, 264
Greenwich Observatory 185–7, 190
Gris, Juan (1887–1927), Still Life, Pierrot 251
Growth, mathematical analysis of 142
Grunion 19, 20, 296
Hafnium, isolation of element 255
Halley, Edmond (1656–1742) 177–8
Halogen metals 243–4
Handedness, in crystals 134, 237; in man 236, 316
Harpoon, Magdalenian 39
Harrison, John (1693–1776) 187
Hay. H. J. (1930) 194
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich (1770–1831) 274
Heisenberg, Werner (1901) 255, 256, 276, 277–8
Helium 246, 247, 250, 259, 260, 264
Henry VIII, king of England (1491–1547) 156
Herschel, Sir William (1738–1822) 268
Hershey, Alfred Day (1908) 300
Hertz, Heinrich Rudolf (1857–1894) 268
Hippocrates (c.460–377 BC) 137, 321–2
Hiroshima, Japan 284
Hitler, Adolf (1889–1945) 69, 258, 279, 280, 281, 319
Hobbes, Thomas (1588–1679) 127
Homer (c.700 BC) 329; The Iliad 264
Homo erectus 35–7, 38, 97
Homo sapiens 35, 37, 42, 47–8
Homo transvaalensis, see Australopithecus africanus
Hooke, Robert (1635–1703) 173–4, 177, 181, 185
Hooker, Sir Joseph Dalton (1817–1911) 232, 234
Horse, as draught animal 65–6; domestication of 69; in Peru 82; taming, for riding 19, 66, 310; horsemen 68–9, 104
Human specificity 19–20, 26–9, 36–7, 45, 90, 93–4, 304–8, 312–19
Hunter, Walter (1889–1954) 317–8
Huntsman, Benjamin (1704–1776) 101
Huxley, Aldous Leonard (1894–1963) 96
Hydrogen 245–6, 254, 255, 258, 259, 260, 264, 298, 300
Iatrochemistry 110
Iceland 48, 309
Imagination 30, 34, 41, 42, 43–5, 73, 76–7, 256–7, 276–7, 323, 330
Inca Empire 78, 80–2; gold work of 105
India, mathematical systems of 119
Induction 19–20, 56–7, 76, 77, 85, 91–2, 94, 248, 249, 252–4, 256–7; speech as 317
Information, imperfection of 267–85
Inquisition, Rome 151, 156, 160, 162, 163–4; the Council of the Spanish 165
Instruments, scientific, modern 267–72
Iron, use by Amerindians 101; working of for steel-making 102
Ironbridge Gorge, Shropshire 208
Irrigation 62, 80
Isabella I, queen of Castile and Leon (1451–1504) 132
Isfahan, Iran, Friday Mosque 129, 131
Jacobsen, Carlyle F. (1902) 317
Jacquard, Joseph Marie (1792–1834) 201
Janáček, Leoš (1854–1928) 295
Japanese sword 101–2; water marking on 103
Jefferson, Thomas (1743–1826) 114
Jericho Tel, Israel 53, 56–9, 62, 70, 322
Jerusalem, Israel 322
Joliot Curie, Frederic (1900–1958) 281
Joule, James Prescott (1818–1889) 216–17
Kelvin, William Thomson, First Baron (1824–1907) 216
Kenyon, Kathleen Mary (1906) 57
Kepler, Johannes (1571–1630) 141, 150, 169
Ko-Hung (c.260–340), Pao-p’u Tzu 105
Koran, the 132
Kublai Khan (c.1215–1294) 70–1, 102
Lamarck, Jean Baptiste (1744–1829) 296
Language 28, 37–8, 101, 195, 227, 285, 316–17; of numbers 119, 120
Lapps 41–2, 48
Laue, Max von (1879–1960) 272
Lavoisier, Antoine Laurent (1743–1794) 114, 115, 116
Law, codes of 63; of constant proportions 117–18; of gravitation 178–80; of nature 119; of planetary motions 144, 169; of Thermodynamics (2nd) 212, 262
Leakey, Louis Seymour Bazett (1903–1972) 33
Leakey, Richard (1937) 34
Lehrman, Daniel Sanford (1919–1972) 314
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, Baron von (1646–1716) 91, 142, 173, 177, 184–5
Lemur 31–2, 37
Lever, principle of the 61, 94
Leo X, Pope (Giovanni de’ Medici) (1475–1519) 148
Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519) 312; Mona Lisa 312
Life, origin of 234–5, 295; recognition of 242
Light 138–40, 172–7, 188–96, 268, 269
Lipchitz, Jacques (1891) 91
Lithgow, William (or Linlithgow) (1582–1645), The Totall Discourse of the Rare Adventures and Painfull Peregrinations of Long Nineteene Yeares 165
Littlewood, John Edensor (1885) 193
Longitude, calculation of 183
Lorenz, Konrad Zacharias (1903) 310
Louis XVI, king of France (1754–1793) 203, 204
Luther, Martin (1488–1546) 112, 155
Lyell, Sir Charles (1797–1875)
Principles of Geology 232, 233, 234
Mach, Ernst (1838–1916) 265
Machu Picchu, Inca city of, Peru 21, 78–82, 314
Magdalenian hunting cultures 39
Mahomet (570–632) 129–30; see also Koran, the
Maize, cultivation of in New World 76, 80
Malthus, Thomas Robert (1766–1834), Essay on Human Population 231, 233
Mann, Thomas (1875–1955) 279
Marc, Franz (1880–1916), Deer in a Forest 252
Marie Antoinette, queen of France (1755–1793) 201
Marini, Marino (1901) 91
Marsh gas (methane) 116, 118, 239
Marx, Karl Heinrich (1818–1883), The Communist Party Manifesto 287
Masamune (c.1264–c.1343), Japanese swordsmith 102
Masons, work of 87–90, 188, 203–4, 208
Mathematics, history of 28, 85, 87, 88, 119–42, 143–4, 169–72, 178, 275–81
Matter, structure of 95–6, 125; interception of by light 172–3, 189–91, 267–85
Maxwell, James Clerk (1831–1879) 268
Mayans 119, 143–4, 150; as astronomers 21
Mecca, Hejaz, Saudi Arabia 129, 130, 275
Mendel, Gregor Johann (1822–1884) 56, 287–96, 300, 301; Versuche über Pflanzenhybriden 292
Mendeleev, Dmitri Ivanovich (1834–1907) 244–50, 252, 255, 256, 260, 264
Mercury, sublimation of 109–10; chemistry of 96; in Ancient China 96; in Lavoisier’s experiment 115–16
Metals, alloys of 21; early use of 51, 57, 96, 98, 101
Metternich, Prince Klemens Wenzel Nepomuk Lothar von (1773–1859) 288
Metzinger, Jean (1883–1956), Woman on a Horse 252
Michelangelo, Buonarroti (1475–1564), Brutus 91, 157; Sistine Chapel Frescoes 257; Sonnets 91, 95
Michelson, Albert Abraham (1852–1931) 188
Miller, Stanley (1930)
Milton, John (1608–1674), Paradise Lost 73; Samson Agonistes 168
Mongol Empire 49, 66, 69, 70; invasion of Japan 102, 109–10; shock tactics of 68
Monod, Jacques Lucien (1910), Chance and Necessity 300–1
Moon 128, 148, 154, 160, 171–2, 177, 178–9, 185, 209, 213, 214, 216, 296
Moore, Henry (1898) 91; Knife-edge- Two-piece 93
More, Sir Thomas (1478–1535) 319, 321–2; Utopia 322
Morley, Edward Williams (1833–1923) 188
Moseley, Henry Gwyn Jeffreys (1887–1915) 255
Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus (1756–1791) 203–4, 319; The Magic Flute 203; The Marriage of Figaro 201–4
Mussolini, Benito (1883–1945) 258, 319
Nägeli, Karl Wilhelm von (1817–1891) 292–3
Napoleon I (Bonaparte) (1769–1821) 203
Napoleon III, emperor of France (1808–1873) 236
Navigation 146, 172, 183, 185–7, 199
Neanderthal man 35, 37, 38
Neumann, John von (1903–1957) 323–7; Theory of Games and Economic Behaviour 324–5; The Computer and the Brain 325
Neutron 257–8, 265, 281
Newton, Sir Isaac (1642–1727) 142, 168, 169–87, 192, 196, 197, 198, 251, 253, 254, 310, 329; and Calculus 142, 171, 178; at Cambridge 171, 172, 177–8; at the Mint 181; at Woolsthorpe 170, 171, 178–9; occult, interest in 180; work on Opticks 172–7; work on the Principia 178
Nicholas II, tsar of Russia (1868–1918) 250
Nomadic way of life 49, 50, 51, 52, 56, 63, 65, 66, 69, 127
Numerals, evolution of modern system 130–1, 137
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee 257–8, 264
Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania 27–8
Oljeitu Khan (r.1304–1316) 70–1
Omo Valley, Ethiopia 22–6, 329
Orgel, Leslie Eleazer (1927) 240
Ostwald, Wilhelm (1853–1932) 265
Oxygen, discovery of 114–16; in air 114; in blood 29; in DNA 298; in primitive atmosphere 239; in universe 260; oxides of mercury 96; phlogiston theory 113, 115–16
Paestum, Southern Italy 82–3, 86
Paine, Thomas (1737–1809) 207; The Rights of Man 207
Paracelsus, Aureolus Philippus Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheirn (1493–1541) 95, 110–14, 243–4
Pascal, Blaise (1623–1662) 319
Pasteur, Louis (1822–1895) 236–8
Paul III, Pope (1468–1549) 160
Pauling, Linus (1901) 298–9
Peking man, see Homo erectus
Pepys, Samuel (1633–1703) 178
Perspective studies 138–40, 148
Physics, history of 87–8, 97, 128–9, 169–96, 243–85, 310, 436