75. Ibid., 85. Letter to Elihu B. Washburne, May 21, 1865.
76. Richardson, A Personal History, 514.
77. Ross, The General’s Wife, 194.
78. PUSG, 15:300. Letter to Brig. Gen. John A. Rawlins, August 20, 1865.
79. Cadwallader, Three Years with Grant, 351.
80. McFeely, Grant, 237.
81. Troy Intelligencer, April 17, 1892.
82. Ross, The General’s Wife, 194.
83. PUSG, 15:358. Letter to Edwin M. Stanton, October 20, 1865.
84. Ibid., 390. Telegram to Maj. Gen. George H. Thomas, November 4, 1865.
85. Ibid., 301. Letter to Brig. Gen. John A. Rawlins, August 20, 1865.
86. Nevins and Thomas, The Diary of George Templeton Strong, 4:51. Diary entry for November 18, 1865.
87. PUSG, 15:403. Letter from Rep. Elihu B. Washburne to Bvt. Col. Adam Badeau, October 25, 1865.
88. Egerton, The Wars of Reconstruction, 106.
89. PUSG, 15:400. Letter from Maj. Gen. George G. Meade, November 8, 1863; ibid., 16:53. Letter from Maj. Gen. Peter J. Osterhaus to Brig. Gen. John A. Rawlins, November 11, 1865.
90. Summer, The Diary of Cyrus B. Comstock, 323. Diary entry for November 22, 1865.
91. Grant, Memoirs, 1:419.
92. PUSG, 15:423. Letter to Julia Dent Grant, November 29, 1865.
93. Badeau, Grant in Peace, 30.
94. Summer, The Diary of Cyrus Comstock, 324. Diary entry for December 1, 1865.
95. Ibid.
96. Ibid.
97. Wineapple, Ecstatic Nation, 383.
98. PUSG, 15:434. Letter to Andrew Johnson, December 18, 1865.
99. Ibid., 435.
100. Ibid.
101. Simpson, “Butcher? Racist?”
102. Schafer, Intimate Letters of Carl Schurz, 356. Letter to his wife, January 12, 1866.
103. Ibid., 457. Letter to his wife, December 20, 1868.
CHAPTER TWENTY-SIX: SWING AROUND THE CIRCLE
1. Egerton, The Wars of Reconstruction, 177.
2. Wineapple, Ecstatic Nation, 398.
3. PUSG, 16:7–8. “General Orders No. 3,” January 12, 1866.
4. Summer, The Diary of Cyrus B. Comstock, 331. Diary entry for January 30, 1866.
5. Egerton, The Wars of Reconstruction, 193–94.
6. Smith, Grant, 426.
7. PUSG, 16:72. Letter from Bvt. Col. Theodore S. Bowers to southern commanding officers, February 17, 1866.
8. Ibid., 69. Letter to Andrew Johnson, February 17, 1866.
9. Stiles, Custer’s Trials, 238.
10. Egerton, The Wars of Reconstruction, 149.
11. Nevins and Thomas, The Diary of George Templeton Strong, 4:71. Diary entry for February 23, 1866.
12. PUSG, 16:101. Letter to Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman, March 10, 1866.
13. Foner, Reconstruction, 243.
14. Egerton, The Wars of Reconstruction, 200–201.
15. Foner, Reconstruction, 250.
16. Nevins and Thomas, The Diary of George Templeton Strong, 4:129. Diary entry for August 7, 1866.
17. Foner, Reconstruction, 209.
18. PUSG, 16:114. Letter to Andrew Johnson, March 14, 1866.
19. Ibid., 235. Letter from Maj. Gen. George Stoneman, May 12, 1866.
20. Egerton, The Wars of Reconstruction, 207.
21. Ibid.
22. PUSG, 16:233. Letter to Edwin M. Stanton, July 7, 1866.
23. Ibid., 230. Letter to Maj. Gen. George H. Thomas, July 6, 1866.
24. Ibid., 228. “General Orders No. 44,” July 6, 1866.
25. Missouri Democrat, May 31, 1866.
26. Ibid.
27. Ibid.
28. PUSG, 16:199. Letter to Edwin M. Stanton, May 16, 1866.
29. Ibid., 234–35. Letter from Attorney General James Speed to President Andrew Johnson, July 13, 1866.
30. Egerton, The Wars of Reconstruction, 215.
31. Griffin and Smith, Autobiography of Mark Twain, 2:70.
32. McFeely, Grant, 263.
33. PUSG, 16:246. Letter to Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman, July 21, 1866.
34. The New York Times, September 24, 1866.
35. Egerton, The Wars of Reconstruction, 208.
36. Wineapple, Ecstatic Nation, 414.
37. Egerton, The Wars of Reconstruction, 208.
38. PUSG, 16:288. Telegram from Maj. Gen. Philip H. Sheridan, August 1, 1866.
39. Ibid.
40. Ibid., 289. Telegram from Maj. Gen. Philip H. Sheridan, August 2, 1866.
41. Ibid., 290. Telegram from Maj. Gen. Philip H. Sheridan, August 13, 1866.
42. Ibid., 289. Telegram to Edwin M. Stanton, August 3, 1866.
43. Ibid., 294. Telegram from Edwin M. Stanton to Maj. Gen. Philip H. Sheridan, August 7, 1866.
44. Hesseltine, Ulysses S. Grant: Politician, 70.
45. PUSG, 16:294. Letter from Maj. Gen. Philip H. Sheridan to President Andrew Johnson, August 6, 1866.
46. Egerton, The Wars of Reconstruction, 208.
47. McFeely, Grant, 249.
48. Badeau, Grant in Peace, 38.
49. Ibid.
50. Ibid., 47.
51. GPL. S2 B13. “Rawlins Letters.” Letter from John A. Rawlins to Mary E. Rawlins, August 30, 1866. JHWP.
52. Ibid. S2 B10. “Swing Around the Circle.”
53. PUSG, 16:306. Letter to Julia Dent Grant, August 31, 1866.
54. Ibid., 32:92. Letter to Clarence W. Richardson, September 16, 1866.
55. McFeely, Grant, 253.
56. Ibid., 252.
57. Waugh, U. S. Grant, 115.
58. New York Herald, September 6, 1866.
59. Cadwallader, Three Years with Grant, 340.
60. Randall, The Diary of Orville Hickman Browning, 2:115. Diary entry for December 3, 1866.
61. Beale, Diary of Gideon Welles, 2:593. Diary entry for September 17, 1866.
62. Foner, Reconstruction, 26.
63. Stiles, Custer’s Trials, 250.
64. Beale, Diary of Gideon Welles, 2:591. Diary entry for September 17, 1866; The New York Times, September 5, 1866.
65. Beale, Diary of Gideon Welles, 2:593. Diary entry for September 17, 1866.
66. PUSG, 16:307. Letter to Julia Dent Grant, September 4, 1866.
67. Stahr, Seward, 473.
68. Foner, Reconstruction, 265.
69. PUSG, 16:308. Letter to Julia Dent Grant, September 9, 1866.
70. Stiles, Custer’s Trials, 251.
71. McFeely, Grant, 252.
72. Chicago Daily Tribune, September 14, 1866.
73. Beale, Diary of Gideon Welles, 2:591. Diary entry for September 17, 1866.
74. GPL. S2 B1 F38. “Adam Badeau Letters.” Letter from Adam Badeau to James H. Wilson, September 13, 1866.
75. Randall, The Diary of Orville Hickman Browning, 2:94. Diary entry for September 20, 1866.
76. Hesseltine, Ulysses S. Grant: Politician, 76.
77. PUSG, 17:14. Letter to Lt. Gen. William T. Sherman, January 13, 1867.
78. Ibid., 16:302. Letter to Andrew Johnson, August 22, 1866.
79. Ibid., 330–31. Letter to Maj. Gen. Philip H. Sheridan, October 12, 1866.
80. Beale, Diary of Gideon Welles, 3:175. Diary entry for August 20, 1867.
81. Nevins and Thomas, The Diary of George Templeton Strong, 4:123. Diary entry for January 30, 1867.
82. Randall, The Diary of Orville Hickman Browning, 2:103–4. Diary entry for October 25, 1866.
83. PUSG, 15:426. Letter from Maj. Gen. Philip H. Sheridan, February 7, 1866.
84. Missouri Democrat
, May 31, 1866.
85. PUSG, 16:347. Letter to Andrew Johnson, October 21, 1866.
86. Sherman, Memoirs, 904.
87. Ibid.
88. Ibid.
89. PUSG, 16:340. Letter from Lt. Gen. William T. Sherman to Ellen Sherman, October 26, 1866.
90. Sherman, Memoirs, 906.
91. Badeau, Grant in Peace, 52.
92. Julia Grant, Memoirs, 169.
93. Badeau, Grant in Peace, 53–54.
94. Ibid., 51.
95. PUSG, 17:50. Letter to Maj. Gen. Oliver O. Howard, January 18, 1867.
96. Beale, Diary of Gideon Welles, 3:42. Diary entry for February 15, 1867.
97. Ibid., 44.
98. Foner, Reconstruction, 276.
99. Hesseltine, Ulysses S. Grant: Politician, 114.
100. Beale, Diary of Gideon Welles, 3:27. Diary entry for January 19, 1867.
101. PUSG, 17:38. Letter to Edwin M. Stanton, January 29, 1867.
102. The New York Times, February 20, 1867.
103. Ibid.
104. Egerton, The Wars of Reconstruction, 222.
105. PUSG, 17:76. Letter to Elihu B. Washburne, March 4, 1867.
106. Beale, Diary of Gideon Welles, 3:65. Diary entry for March 13, 1867.
107. Wineapple, Ecstatic Nation, 438.
108. Berg, Wilson, 41.
109. PUSG, 17:76. Letter to Elihu B. Washburne, March 4, 1867.
110. Summer, The Diary of Cyrus B. Comstock, 344. Diary entry for February 28, 1867.
111. Beale, Diary of Gideon Welles, 3:63. Diary entry for March 11, 1867.
112. PUSG, 17:39. Letter from Maj. Gen. Philip H. Sheridan, January 25, 1867.
113. Ibid., 91. Letter to Maj. Gen. Philip H. Sheridan, March 29, 1867.
114. Ibid., 122. Letter to Maj. Gen. Philip H. Sheridan, April 21, 1867.
115. Ibid.
116. PUSG, 17:95. Letter to Maj. Gen. Philip H. Sheridan, April 5, 1867.
117. Ibid., 127. Letter from Bvt. Brig. Gen. Orville E. Babcock to Col. Adam Badeau, May 10, 1867.
118. Ibid.
119. Ibid., 128. Letter from Bvt. Brig. Gen. Horace Porter to Adam Badeau, May 1867 [n.d.].
120. Egerton, The Wars of Reconstruction, 289.
121. PUSG, 17:126. Letter from Maj. Gen. Philip H. Sheridan, May 10, 1867.
122. Sheridan, Memoirs, 2:267.
123. Morris, Sheridan, 291.
124. PUSG, 17:185. Letter to Maj. Gen. Philip H. Sheridan, June 7, 1867.
125. Beale, Diary of Gideon Welles, 3:121. Diary entry for June 27, 1867.
126. PUSG, 32:104. Letter to Elihu B. Washburne, May 3, 1867.
127. Ibid., 17:212, 214. “Testimony.” July 18, 1867.
128. Ibid., 214.
129. White, American Ulysses, 443.
130. PUSG, 17:236. Telegram from Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton, July 22, 1867.
131. Ibid. Telegram to Edwin M. Stanton, July 23, 1867.
132. PUSG, 17:239–40. Letter to Edwin M. Stanton, July 24, 1867.
133. Truman, “Anecdotes of Andrew Johnson.”
134. Cramer, Ulysses S. Grant, 68–70.
135. “Speech of General Rawlins.” Army & Navy Journal, July 13, 1867.
CHAPTER TWENTY-SEVEN: VOLCANIC PASSION
1. Young, Around the World, 333–34.
2. Ibid., 333.
3. Beale, Diary of Gideon Welles, 3:154. Diary entry for August 3, 1867.
4. PUSG, 17:252. Letter to Andrew Johnson, August 1, 1867.
5. Ibid., 269. Letter from Andrew Johnson to Edwin M. Stanton, August 5, 1867.
6. Ibid. Letter from Edwin M. Stanton to Andrew Johnson, August 5, 1867.
7. Badeau, Grant in Peace, 112.
8. Julia Grant, Memoirs, 165.
9. Wilson, Rawlins, 344.
10. PUSG, 17:268. Letter to Edwin M. Stanton, August 12, 1867.
11. Ibid., 269. Letter from Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton, August 12, 1867.
12. Beale, Diary of Gideon Welles, 3:169. Diary entry for August 13, 1867.
13. Randall, The Diary of Orville Hickman Browning, 2:158. Diary entry for August 16, 1867.
14. PUSG, 17:277–78. Letter to Andrew Johnson, August 17, 1867.
15. Ibid., 280. Letter from Andrew Johnson, August 19, 1867.
16. Ibid., 343. Letter to Lt. Gen. William T. Sherman, September 18, 1867.
17. White, American Ulysses, 450.
18. Randall, The Diary of Orville Hickman Browning, 2:161. Diary entry for October 8, 1867.
19. Beale, Diary of Gideon Welles, 3:234. Diary entry for October 19, 1867.
20. Schafer, Intimate Letters of Carl Schurz, 408. Letter to his wife, October 12, 1867.
21. PUSG, 18:331–32. Letter from Henry J. Raymond, October 13, 1867.
22. GPL. S2 B10. “Presidential Campaigns.”
23. Ibid.
24. Stahr, Seward, 496.
25. PUSG, 18:58–59. Letter from Andrew Johnson, November 30, 1867.
26. Ibid., 59.
27. Stahr, Seward, 497.
28. PUSG, 17:291. Letter from Bvt. Brig. Gen. Orville E. Babcock to Rep. Elihu B. Washburne, August 13, 1867.
29. GPL. S2 B6 F65. Letter from President Andrew Johnson to the Senate, December 12, 1867.
30. Beale, Diary of Gideon Welles, 3:240. Diary entry for December 12, 1867.
31. Ibid., 180. Diary entry for August 22, 1867.
32. Ibid., 197. Diary entry for September 5, 1867.
33. Ibid., 483. Diary entry for December 12, 1868.
34. Ibid., 556. Diary entry for March 17, 1869.
35. Ibid., 246. Diary entry for December 24, 1867.
36. Ibid., 180. Diary entry for August 22, 1867.
37. Egerton, The Wars of Reconstruction, 255.
38. Ibid., 254.
39. Ibid., 256.
40. PUSG, 17:260–61. Letter from Bvt. Maj. Gen. John Pope, July 24, 1867.
41. Ibid., 18:95–96. Letter from Bvt. Maj. Gen. John Pope, December 31, 1867.
42. Ibid., 17:354. Letter to Bvt. Maj. Gen. Edward O. C. Ord, September 22, 1867.
43. Ibid., 18:34. Letter to Lt. Gen. William T. Sherman, November 21, 1867.
44. Badeau, Grant in Peace, 110.
45. Palmer, The Selected Letters of Charles Sumner, 415–16. Letter to John Bright, January 18, 1868.
46. PUSG, 18:117. Letter to Andrew Johnson, January 28, 1868.
47. Ibid., 107. Letter from Lt. Gen. William T. Sherman, January 27, 1868.
48. Julia Grant, Memoirs, 166.
49. Randall, The Diary of Orville Hickman Browning, 2:173. Diary entry for January 14, 1868.
50. Badeau, Grant in Peace, 111.
51. PUSG, 18:108. Letter from Lt. Gen. William T. Sherman, January 14, 1868.
52. Grant, In the Days of My Father General Grant, 47.
53. Niven, Gideon Welles, 558.
54. Randall, The Diary of Orville Hickman Browning, 2:174. Diary entry for January 14, 1868.
55. PUSG, 18:118. Letter to Andrew Johnson, January 28, 1868.
56. Beale, Diary of Gideon Welles, 3:261. Diary entry for January 14, 1868.
57. Ibid.
58. Randall, The Diary of Orville Hickman Browning, 2:180. Diary entry for February 6, 1868.
59. Beale, Diary of Gideon Welles, 3:267, 273–74. Diary entry for February 8, 1868.
60. Hesseltine, Ulysses S. Grant: Politician, 107.
61. PUSG, 18:118. Letter to Andrew Johnson, January 28, 1868.
62. Hesseltine, Ulysses S. Grant: Politician, 111.
63. PUSG, 18:126. Letter to Andrew Joh
nson, February 3, 1868.
64. Badeau, Grant in Peace, 115.
65. PUSG, 18:146. Letter from Andrew Johnson, February 10, 1868.
66. Ibid., 22:297. George H. Williams, Eulogy for Grant, August 8, 1885.
67. Ibid., 18:139–40. Letter from Lt. Gen. William T. Sherman, February 14, 1868.
68. Ibid., 141. Letter from Lt. Gen. William T. Sherman to Andrew Johnson, February 14, 1868.
69. Sherman, Memoirs, 917.
70. Badeau, Grant in Peace, 142.
71. Julia Grant, Memoirs, 171.
72. Ibid.
73. PUSG, 18:170. Letter from Robert Bonner to Jesse Root Grant, February 26, 1868.
74. Nevins and Thomas, The Diary of George Templeton Strong, 4:187. Diary entry for February 7, 1868.
75. GPL. S2 B4 F9. Letter from Helen Griffing to Theodore Tilton, January 17, 1868.
76. Ibid. Letter from Rufus P. Stebbins to Elihu B. Washburne, March 10, 1868.
77. Smith, Grant, 453.
78. Egerton, The Wars of Reconstruction, 233.
79. Badeau, Grant in Peace, 134.
80. Hesseltine, Ulysses S. Grant: Politician, 115.
81. Kennedy, Profiles in Courage, 120.
82. Egerton, The Wars of Reconstruction, 233.
83. Ibid., 234.
84. PUSG, 18:89. Letter from Bvt. Maj. Gen. Edward O. C. Ord, February 29, 1868.
85. Jordan, Roscoe Conkling, 101.
86. Badeau, Grant in Peace, 136.
87. Palmer, The Selected Letters of Charles Sumner, 425–26. Letter to Francis Lieber, May 2, 1868.
88. PUSG, 18:190. Letter from Edwards Pierrepont, March 16, 1868.
89. Ibid., 212. Letter to Maj. Gen. Philip H. Sheridan, March 31, 1868.
90. Ibid., 257. Letter to Charles W. Ford, May 15, 1868.
91. Kennedy, Profiles in Courage, 126.
92. Julia Grant, Memoirs, 170.
93. Randall, The Diary of Orville Hickman Browning, 211. Letter from Andrew Johnson to Edmund Cooper, July 6, 1868.
CHAPTER TWENTY-EIGHT: TRADING PLACES
1. PUSG, 18:196. Letter to Andrew Johnson, March 13, 1868.
2. Ibid., 255. Telegram from Stephen B. Packard, May 14, 1868.
3. Ibid. Letter to Bvt. Maj. Gen. Robert C. Buchanan, May 15, 1868.
4. New York Herald, June 5, 1871.
5. Ibid.
6. Julia Grant, Memoirs, 171.
7. Hesseltine, Ulysses S. Grant: Politician, 119.
8. New York Herald, May 22, 1868.
9. Bunting, Ulysses S. Grant, 82.