2. Baku too Persian, Nobel story, Rothschilds, wages, stories of tycoons Mantashev, etc.: Tolf, Russian Rockefellers, pp. 87–100, 139–41, 151–58, 182. Anna Alliluyeva in Alliluyev Memoirs, pp. 52–55, 84–86. Giving to Bolsheviks: Krasin in Williams, p. 59. Tiflis a marsh, Baku a centre: Stalin, Works, 2:188; second baptism of fire: Stalin, Works, 8: 174–75. Suny, “A Journeyman for the Revolution,” pp. 373–94. Assassinations, etc.: Geifman, Thou Shalt Kill, p. 414. Smoky and gloomy: Trotsky, Stalin, p. 4. Essad Bey, pp. 123–37. Mikoyan, Tak bylo, pp. 347–48. Shaumian and filth of Baku, Mikoyan, Memoirs, pp. 72–74. Kaleidoscope: Stalin, Works, 2:378. Baku irrepressible: Stalin, Works, 2:141. Oil kingdom: Stalin, Works, 2:141. On Baku, hit men and strikes: Stalin, Works, 2:81–83. Revolutionary centre: Stalin, Works, 1:189. Reiss, The Orientalist, pp. 9–15, including p. 12, “Dodge City” quotation, and Stalin connection with mother and Krasin, pp. 20–21; Essad Bey quotes, “my mother financed Stalin’s press with her diamonds,” p. 21; our city like Wild West, p. 32. Most dangerous place, rootless, physical violence, rapes, prehistoric, Gorky, life expectancy, disembowelled dogs: Baberowski, Der Feind, pp. 62–67. Nikita Dastakian, Il venait de la Ville Noire: Mauserists. Stalin expert on oil industry: Mgeladze, p. 28. For tales of Baku oil barons, Nobels, the palaces: Faud Akhundov’s series “Legacy of the Oil Barons,” parts 1–4, in Azerbaijan International Magazine, 1994. Farid Alakbarov, “Baku’s Old City: Memories of How It Used to Be,” Azerbaijan International Magazine, Autumn 2002. Also see Manaf Suleymanov’s classic Eskitdiklarim, Okhuduglarim, Gorduklarim (What I Saw, What I Read, What I Heard).
3. Berlin, August 1907: RGASPI 558.15095. Kun, pp. 85–87, 341. W. S. Churchill, Second World War, 6:601. Stalin, Works, 2:48; 13:121, 388. Djilas, Conversations with Stalin, p. 79. Smith, pp. 194–96.
4. Spandarian a womanizer and fate of wife of Bolshevik: see Olga Spandarian letter to Shaumian in “Suren Spandarian in Siberian Exile,” Vestnik Archivov Armenii, no. 1, 1966. Haemorrhagic colitis: GF IML 8.2.1.34.317–54, Mikheil Misha Monoselidze. GDMS 87.1955–368.1–16, Alexandra “Sashiko” Svanidze-Monoselidze. Typhus rash: author’s interview with Svanidze cousin Mariam Svanidze, aged 109, Tbilisi,2005. GDMS 1955–146.51–6, G. Elisabedashvili. Nursing her: author’s interview with Svanidze cousin Katevan Gelovani, Tbilisi,2005. Volkogonov, Trotsky, p. 11. TB and pneumonia, closed eyes: Levon Shaumian in Kun, p. 342. Sacraments: Delbars, The Real Stalin, pp. 52–53.
22 · BOSS OF THE BLACK CITY: PLUTOCRATS, PROTECTION-RACKETS AND PIRACY
1. GDMS 1955–146.51–6, G. Elisabedashvili. GF IML 8.2.1.34.317–54, Mikheil Misha Monoselidze. GDMS 87.1955–368.1–16, Alexandra “Sashiko” Svanidze-Monoselidze. Gori: Davrichewy, p. 35. Iremashvili, pp. 30–40. Stalin in grave: author interview with Svanidze cousin Katevan Gelovani. Announcement: RGASPI 558.4.97. How he loved, overcome with grief, gun, failed to appreciate: RGASPI 558.4.647 Pelageya Onufrieva. Kun, pp. 117 and 341; farce at the funeral, p. 342.
2. Alliluyev Memoirs, pp. 52–54, 137, 110. Home: GDMS 1955–146.51–6, G. Elisabedashvili. RGASPI 558.4.663, Sergei Alliluyev. Marcou, p. 53. Kun, p. 38. Stalin, Works, 2:42–46 and 188; 8:174–75. Service, Stalin, p. 70. Suny, “A Journeyman for the Revolution,” pp. 373–94. Vulikh in Kun, pp. 129–30. Tucker, p. 105. Smith, pp. 214 and 399. RGASPI 124.1.2035, M. Frumkin. Vyshinsky: GDMS 49, I. Bokov. Ostrovsky, pp. 259–67. RGASPI 558.4.583, I. Bokov. GF IML 8.2.1.19, S. Kavtaradze. GF IML 8.2.1.624.1–26, Bachua Kupriashvili. Sergo Ordzhonikidze in Rokhlin, Dvadtsat piat let Bakinskoi organizatsii bolshevistikov. GF IML 8.2.1.35, I. P. Nadiradze. Shaumian: Mikoyan, Tak bylo, pp. 347–48. Shaumian and filth of Baku: Mikoyan, Memoirs, pp. 72–74. Tatiana Vulikh to Boris Nikolaevsky, Nikolaevsky, box 207, folder ID 207–9. Olga Spandarian letter in “Suren Spandarian in Siberian Exile.” Persia: RGASPI 558.4.583, Mir Bashir Kasumov. Abel Yenukidze, “Iz proshlogo nashei partei,” p. 18; Effendiev, “Istoriya rabochego,” pp. 14–53. Muslim connections with Nariman Narimanov and Mammad Amin Rasulzade, see Rais Rasulzade, “Rasulzade: Founding Father of the First Republic,” Azerbaijan International Magazine, 1999. Rasulzade enjoyed a fascinating career, founding the Azeri SDs (hiding Stalin on the run), then the Musavat Party, then helping create the independent Azerbaijan of 1918–21 before being rescued and taken to Moscow by Stalin, who let him go into exile (where Hitler tried to recruit him as a leader of a German-sponsored Caucasus).
3. Stalin in Switzerland: Ostrovsky, p. 265. Plekhanov and daughter in Switzerland: GF IML 8.2.1.3.291–310, Niko Akhmeteli.
23 · LOUSE RACING, MURDER AND MADNESS PRISON GAMES
1. Raids in Baku and arrest: fighting squads and arsenal, ship heists, Vyshinsky, electric, almost too conspiratorial, killing opponents, plan to spring Stalin from jail: GF IML 8.2.1.6.183–203, Ivan Bokov. GDMS 49. I. Bokov quoted in Ostrovsky, pp. 259–67. RGASPI 558.4.583, I. Bokov. Vyshinsky on Nicholas I ship heist: Victor Serge, Portraite de Staline, p. 29. Vyshinsky, family in Odessa and Baku, in 1905–7, Bailovka, and in 1917–18: A. Vaksberg, Stalin’s Prosecutor, pp. 13–27. GF IML 8.2.1.19, S. Kavtaradze. GF IML 8.2.1.624.1–26, Bachua Kupriashvili. RGASPI 558.4.523 and 627. RGASPI 4.84. RGASPI 4.107. S. Vereshchak, “Stalin vy tyurme,” Dni, 24 Jan. 1928. Sagirashvili, pp. 182–83. Service, Stalin, pp. 78–79. Marcou, pp. 55–57. For K. Kato pseudonym: Stalin, Works, 2:125–31. Baku girlfriend: GMIKA 24(80).114, Alvasi Talakvadze. Yenukidze, “Iz proshlogo nashei partei,” p. 18. Voroshilov: RGASPI 74.2.130 and 240. Ludmilla Stal, Tatiana Slavatinskaya: F. Chuev, Kaganovich, pp. 160–62. A. Daushvili, Story of Soso Djugashvili, pp. 239 and 252. Stal and Krupskaya in Paris, 1911: Krupskaya, p. 196. Maisky, p. 45. Marcou, p. 66;Lud-milla Stal biography: “Istoki podviga,” Ural, no. 3, 1979. Stalin-Spandarian parties/deviations: GF IML 8.2.1.42, A. D. Sakvarelidze. Sentiment, skinning alive: GF IML 8.2.1.27.202–10, Ivliane Kukulava. Money from Mancho, Rothschilds, Landau, oil companies: RGASPI 124.1.325; RGASPI 71.15.213; RGASPI 558.4.659, Sergei Alliluyev. A. Rokhlin, 25 let Bakinskoi organizatsii bolsheviistikov, pp. 81–83. Ostrovsky is the best historian of the relationship between Stalin and big business, pp. 473–75, 587–89, 593–94. Reiss, The Orientalist, pp. 9–21 and 32. Thanks to Prince Karol Schwarzenberg for Dr. Felix Somary story: it was told to him by Somary himself as an old man. Chechen guards beat up Stalin: I am grateful to Professor Jorg Baberowski for this story. Musa Nageyev kidnapping: Farid Alakbarov, “Baku’s Old City: Memories of How It Used to Be.” Mukhtarov and Stalin, tales of Baku oil barons, Nobels, the palaces, etc.: see Akhundov, “Legacy of the Oil Barons,” parts 1–4. Memoirs of Manaf Suleymanov, Eskitdiklarim; see azeribook.com/history/manaf_suleymanov. For Nageyev, also see Jilar Khanum, granddaughter, and Stalin’s ten-minute chats quoted on echo-az.com/archive/2004_09/911/kultura02.shtml.
2. Bailov: GF IML 8.2.1.35.35–49, Ilya P. Nadiradze—swap, visit of Keke, hacksaw plan. Vereshchak, “Stalin v tyurme.” Essad Bey, pp. 141–42. Smith, pp. 214–20. Service, Stalin, pp. 79–81. Trotsky, Stalin, p. 120. Sentencing: Ostrovsky, p. 281; Vyshinsky letter, p. 285. Vyshinsky, family in Odessa and Baku, in 1905–7, Bailovka, and in 1917–18: Vaksberg, Stalin’s Prosecutor, pp. 13–27. Trip, Butyrki Prison, Viatka hospital, etc.: RGASPI 558.4.629 and 71.10.276. Louse racing, madness, wrestling, backgammon, Sergo fight versus SRs: GF IML 8.2.1.42, A. D. Sakvarelidze. Plan to spring Stalin from jail: GF IML 8.2.1.6.183–203, Ivan Bokov. Sergo and SRs, Stalin to Voroshilov: RGASPI 73.2.38. Giddy-up, escapes, Budu and Stalin stories: author’s interview with Izolda Mdivani (widow of Budu’s son Vahtang) and Mdivani family, Tbilisi, Georgia,2006. Dirty politics: author’s interview with Yuri Zhdanov. Dirty for the revolution: Beria, p. 18.
24 · “RIVER COCK” AND THE NOBLEWOMAN
1. Solvychegodsk: GAVO 108.1.5058.1–29. RGASPI 157.916 Stepan Shaumian to M. Tskhakaya. RGASPI 558.4.647—various memoirs in this font include Tatiana Sukhova; F. I. Blinov and Vologda transit jail; Stepan Belyakov, post office/jailer; Alexandra Dobronravova (dancing), A. Dubrovin (Mustafa drowned); M. Krapina on singing and River Cock
and escape; priest’s library. On Sukhova and Petrovskaya: GAVO 108.2.3992 and GAVO 108.1.2372. Stalin to Sukhova: RGASPI 558.1.4372. Details of Petrovskaya: office of Baku Governor, J. Djugashvili file including Baku interrogation of S. Petrovskaya and Stalin, RGASPI 558.1.635.1–95. Information from local Vologda archives, train times, etc.—Ostrovsky, pp. 290–92. Service, Stalin, p. 70. Smith, pp. 222–32. Escapes: Daly, Watchful State, p. 72. Sergei Alliluyev, Pravda, 22 Dec. 1939. Alliluyev Memoirs, pp. 136–37. Trotsky in Kun, pp. 96–97.V. Nikonov, Molotov Molodost, pp. 75–90. Georgian stranger helps: Charkviani, “Memoirs.” Stalin to Malakia Toroshelidze: Dubinsky-Mukharadze, Shaumian, p. 156. Bolshevik collapse: Tucker, pp. 147–50. Service, Lenin, pp. 195–98. Lenin on porn quoted in Lauchlan, Russian Hide-and-Seek, p. 245. Stalin and the women: Molotov Remembers, pp. 164 and 174. Silk handkerchief, flower, T. Sukhova: RGASPI 558.4.647. Problems with dancing arm, can’t take women by the waist: Montefiore, p. 260. Kun, p. 216—Kira Alliluyeva interview, quoting her mother, Zhenya. Author’s interviews with Kira Alliluyeva, Moscow. Foot: Service, p. 571.
2. Sergei Alliluyev, Pravda, 22 Dec. 1939. Alliluyev Memoirs, pp. 136–37. E. D. Stasova, Stranitsy zhizhn i borby, p. 49. RGASPI 558.2.564 and 565, K. Savchenko. RGASPI 161.1.20. Milkman Okhrana reports: GARF 102.00.1909.5–3-A. Milkbar address: RGASPI 558.1.4516, Stalin to Tskhakaya.
25 · “THE MILKMAN”: WAS STALIN A TSARIST AGENT?
1. Stalin’s activities, Okhrana “Fikus” reports: GARF 102.00.1909.5–5-A. Death of Beso: RGASPI 71.1.275. Beso death and burial: GF IML 8.14.160.1–8. Financial matters: S. M. Levidova and E. G. Salita, E. D. Stasova: biografichesky ocherk, p. 173. GF IML 8.2.1.624.1–26, Bachua Kupriashvili, on mail-ship piracy. Stalin, Works, 2: 150–62. RGASPI 558.1.26. RGASPI 558.1.4516. Service, Lenin, pp. 195–98.
2. Williams, pp. 154–55. RGASPI 558.1.4516, Soso Stalin to Tskhakaya. Service, Lenin, pp. 195–98. Tucker, pp. 147–49. Suny, “A Journeyman for the Revolution,” pp. 373–94. RGASPI 124.1.325; RGASPI 71.15.213; RGASPI 558.4.659, Sergei Alliluyev. Rokhlin, 25 let Bakinskoi organizatsii bolshevistikov, pp. 81–83. Ostrovsky, pp. 473–75, 587–89, 593–94. Stalin and Mdivani (Bochka) tipped off by Gendarmes: Krasnyi Arkhiv, no. 2 (105), 1941, p. 7. Traitor witch hunt: Krasnyi Arkhiv, no. 2 (105), 1941, pp. 7–8. Case of couple A. Prussakov and E. Kozlovskaya plus Leontiev: RGASPI 558.4.649, A. Khumarian. Leontiev case: Zaria Vostoka, 28 Apr. 1928, S. Yakubov. Okhrana agent: GARF 102.00.1909.5–3-A. Near arrest of Stalin, Sergo: Japaridze, Vospominaniya, p. 61. Stalin writes to editors of Bakinsky Proletary journal on provocations: RGASPI 558.1.26. Visit of Chernomazov and accusation of Koberidze: Ostrovsky, pp. 304–6. Stalin and Kuzma accuse each other: B. Kaptelov and Z. I. Peregudov, “Byl li Stalin agentom Okhranki?,” Rodina, no. 5, 1989, p. 68. Russian Bureau appointed: Proletarskaya Revolyutsiya, no. 5, 1922, pp. 231–32. I. P. Vatsek: RGASPI 71.15.213. Shaumian: Mikoyan, Tak bylo, pp. 347–48. Mikoyan, Memoirs, pp. 72–74. Uratadze, p. 67. Arsenidze, pp. 72 and 224. Jordania, “Stalin.” Olga Shatunovskaya: RGASPI 558.4.671. Tatiana Vulikh to Boris Nikolaevsky, Nikolaevsky, box 207, folder ID 207–9. How Okhrana recruited: Alliluyev Memoirs, pp. 43–45. Agents in Bolsheviks and how Okhrana spread suspicion deliberately: Daly, Watchful State, pp. 95,106 and 117; killing informants the duty of honest person says Lenin, p. 37. Stefania Petrovskaya: K. Stefin in Stalin, Works, 2:179–201. Stalin accuses Chernomazov witnessed by GF IML 8.2.1.15.266–72, Natalia Dondarov (Azarian). Petrovskaya: GF IML 8.5.212, Col. Leontiev of Okhrana report, 28 Apr. 1914.
3. Tsarist agent: I am indebted in this section, unless specifically attributed, to Ostrovsky, pp. 431–62; on escapes from exile, pp. 431–39; on police corruption, pp. 515 and 545–47; on “Fikus” report on intelligence gathering by Stalin, p. 578;on 800-rouble bribe Sverdlov, p. 595. Stalin’s five escapes: Charkviani, “Memoirs.” RGASPI 671.1.287, Turukhansk money receipts, 1913–15. Ordzhonikidze and Zaitsev: RGASPI 558.4.258. Japaridze, Vospominaniya, pp. 61–62. GARF 110.19.119. Stalin meets police official on street and gendarme tip-offs: GDMS 167, G. Varshamian; GARF 102.00.5–61-A. Medvedev, Let History Judge, pp. 314–24. Service, Stalin, p. 74. Eremin letter: Lee, “Eremin Letter.” Eremin text in Smith, p. 306. General Ivan Serov memo to First Secretary N. S. Khrushchev and Politburo: RGASPI 558.11.1288, 4 June 1956. Vulikh to Nikolaevsky, Nikolaevsky, box 207, folder ID 207–9. Uratadze, p. 67. Arsenidze, pp. 72 and 224. Jordania, “Stalin.” Olga Shatunovskaya: RGASPI 558.4.671. Shaumian’s jobs, buyout from arrest, Capt. Zaitsev: Akopian, Shaumian, pp. 64–76. Prison director Vachiev, 150 roubles each to free prisoners: “Iz proshlogo nashei partei,” pp. 146–47. B. Kaptelov and Z. Peregudova, “Byl li Stalin agentom Okhranki?,” Rodina, no. 5, 1989, pp. 67–69. Artyom Gio, Zhizn podpolnika, pp. 67–73. B. Slavin, “Stalin i Okhranka,” Alternativy, no. 1, 1998, pp. 78–81, including Martynov report on Prague Conference, 1912, and Stalin’s meeting with agent Tailor (Malinovsky), plan to visit Lenin and work on Pravda. Details of Okhrana surveillance, 1908–13: Krasny Arkhiv, no. 2 (105), 1941, pp. 4–31. Stalin on betrayal as bite of death: GF IML 8.6.312, D. Chkheidze (Turdospireli). Stalin edits his own Short Course biography including number of arrests: “I. V. Stalin sam o sebe: redakzionnaya pravka sobstennoy biografii,” Izvestiya TsK KPSS, no. 9, 1990.
26 · TWO LOST FIANCEES AND A PREGNANT PEASANT
1. RGASPI 558.1.628 and 635.1–95, office of Baku Governor—J. Djugashvili file including Baku interrogation of S. Petrovskaya and Stalin. RGASPI 558.11.1290 and RGASPI 558.4.130 and 208. Stalin arrests with Petrovskaya: State Historical Archive of Azerbaijan, 46.3.90.430, 46.1.324.165, 46.3.22.52, 46.3.348.10; and on Shaumian, Stalin and Petrovskaya, 1.1.479.12, 46.3.348.6, 7, 8, 156.1.51.66; ban from Caucasus 498.1.666.8–10, 46.3.495.103a, 498.1.176.73–4, 498.1.176.73–4, 498.1.175.38, 498.1.176.75–7, 81.1.27, 498.1.550.156. Hospital: GF IML 8.5.208, E. Esaian. Martynov: GARF 102.00.1910.5–6-B. Petrovskaya: GF IML 8.5.212, Col. Leontiev of Okhrana report, 28 Apr. 1914. On Stefania later: Ilizarov, p. 288; A. L. Litvin and others (ed.), Genrikh Yagoda Narkom Vnutrennikh (Kazan, 1997), p. 197.
2. RGASPI 558.4.628, various memoirs. Maria Kuzakova memoirs and others including Kryukova: RGASPI 558.4.647. Letters and contacts with abroad, 31 Dec. 1910, and Jan. 1911: Stalin, Works, 2:209–18. Zaria Vostoka, 23 Dec. 1925. Ivanian: RGASPI 558.1.5097. S. V. Malyshev, “Moia rabota v Pravde,” Bolshevistkaya Pechat, vol. 4, 1937, p. 22. To Petersburg?: Kun, p. 109. Serafima Khoroshina, Kuzakova memoirs and local records—GAVO 108.1.4670 and 5058, 108.2.235;GAVO 18.2.4988 and PAVO 108.1.4670 3837.5.27, 3837.5.27 and 3837.5.2, and PAVO 859.10.43. Thanks to the directors of the two Vologda archives for their help. Ostrovsky, pp. 321–28: my account of the Serafima marriage is based on Ostrovsky’s researches in Party Archive of Archangel Region (PAVO 859.10.21.1–2). Y. Sukhotin, “Bastard krasnogo vozhda.” GARF 102.00.1910.5. Books, policemen, cheerful, singing, laughing, fiction and history books, jail time: RGASPI 558.4.540 Ivan Golubev. Vstrechi s vozhdem: Rasskazy krestyan s Kureiki o tov. Staline, pp. 32–36. Nikonov, Molotov Molodost, pp. 75–90. Sex and boredom: meeting of the British Ambassador Sir David Kelly and Stalin, 28 June 1949, cipher report, no. 548: thanks to Laurence Kelly and PRO 77618. Aram Ivanian: Kun, pp. 110–19; RGASPI 558.1.5097; Beria, p. 135. Lenin’s anger: Dubinsky-Mukharadze, Ordzhonikidze, pp. 75–76. Planting pine trees: Mgeladze, pp. 54–55. Guy Chazan, “East-West Alloy Reviving Stalin’s Belch,” Wall Street Journal, 9 June 2004: thanks to Guy Chazan for this story. Lordkipanidze: Charkviani, “Memoirs.”
27 · THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE AND “GLAMOURPUSS” THE SCHOOLGIRL
1. Vologda: RGASPI 71.10.276. RGASPI 71.10.647. RGASPI 558.1.4333. GARF 111.1.1110a. RGASPI 558.1.30. RGASPI 558.1.5377. RGASPI 558.1.647. P. G. Fomina-Onufrieva. Also: Izvestiya TsK, no. 10, 1989, p. 190. RGASPI 55.4.647 Sophia Kryukova. Life of Onufrieva: Kun, pp. 113–18. GARF 102.00.1911.5–83 and 102.7d.1911.2093.GAVO 108.1.5058. Ostrovsky, p. 331. Krasnyi Arkhiv, no. 8, 1937, pp. 165–97. Krasnyi Arkhiv, no. 2 (105), 1941, pp. 19–20. Details of Okhrana surv
eillance, 1908–13: Krasnyi Arkhiv, no. 2 (105), 1941, pp. 4–31. Stalin meets Sergo in Petersburg: RGASPI 161.1.20, V. L. Shveitzer. S. Alliluyev, “Vstrechi s Stalym,” Pravda, 22 Dec. 1939. RGASPI 558.4.148 and 166. Spandarian to Krupskaya on Sergo giving Koba 50 roubles, Sept. 1911, in S. Shaumian, Izbrannye proizvedeniya, no. 1, pp. 346–7. A.S. Alliluyeva, Vospominaniya, pp. 38–40, on Todria, etc. Trotsky, Stalin, p. 134. “Serov” by M. Parrish in Slavic Military Studies, Sept. 1997, p. 127. General Ivan Serov memo to First Secretary N. S. Khrushchev and Politburo: RGASPI 558.11.1288, 4 June 1956.
2. GARF 7d.1911.2093 and 102.00.1912.5–14-V. RGASPI 558.4.166. On police, Gendarme, Okhrana and movements: Ostrovsky, pp. 336–42. RGASPI 558.2.75 and 76. Five escapes, five-rouble bribes, reunion with Spandarian, strict conspiracy, letter about Prague, Rostov meeting, jumping out of train: RGASPI 161.1.20, V. L. Shveitzer. RGASPI 558.2.75. RGASPI 17.4.647. Molotov, Poluderzhavnyi, p. 297. Izvestiya TsK, no. 5, 1989, p. 185. Kommunist, vol. 8–9, 1988. B. Slavin, “Stalin i Okhranka,” Alternativy, no. 1, 1998, pp. 78–81. Code: Kun, p. 139. Prague: Ordzhonikidze, quoted in Kun, p. 129. Malinovsky: Ralph Carter Ellman, Roman Malinovsky, pp. 15–26, 31–33, 40–41, including quote on appearance, Lenin quote, hysterical, resigned, shot, pp. 58–66. Krupskaya, pp. 211 and 225. Radzinsky, Stalin, pp. 82–86 including Lenin and Malinovsky quotes. Krasnyi Arkhiv, no. 8, 1937, pp. 165–97. Krasnyi Arkhiv, no. 2, (105) 1941, pp. 19–20. Details of Okhrana surveillance, 1908–13: Krasnyi Arkhiv, no. 2, (105) 1941, pp. 4–31.
28 · “DON’T FORGET THAT NAME AND BE VERY WARY!”