Vietnam negotiated solution, 277
Vietnam statement to reporters, 266
Kennedy, Rose Fitzgerald, 6, 29, 31, 39
Kennedy, Rosemary, 39
Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, 125
Kennedy or Nixon (Schlesinger), 81
Khrushchev, Nikita, 20
arms control and, 379
background, 189–90, 194–95
Berlin and, 181, 182, 185, 225–27, 228–29
Castro’s government and, 254
CIA profile, 189, 190
Cuba as obstacle to U.S.-Soviet relations and, 372, 374, 377, 383–84
Cuba missile buildup and, 292–93, 293, 294, 295, 298
Cuban missile crisis and, 304, 313, 314, 319–23, 325–29, 372
de Gaulle’s advice about, 187
disarmament treaty, 210
East Germany peace treaty and, 199–200
Harriman’s advice about, 194
JFK and, 189, 255, 373
JFK asks for public announcement on Soviet withdrawal from Cuba, 386
“kitchen debates,” 20, 197
Laos and, 159, 171
message to Bertrand Russell, 321, 323
nuclear test ban treaty and, 210–11, 255–57, 356–60, 380
nuclear war and, 191, 201, 223, 255
opinion of JFK, 190, 198
response to JFK address on West Berlin, 225
Rusk and, 380
speech on war of national liberation (1961), 166–67
Thompson as expert on, 313
at the U.N. (1956), 195
U.S. first strike concerns, 254
Vienna summit (1961), 194–200
Vietnam and, 170, 245, 246
“we will bury you” quote, 195
King, Coretta Scott, 60, 120–21
King, Martin Luther, Jr., 108, 175
JFK and release from jail, 60–61, 121
on JFK lacking “moral passion” for racial equality, 173, 292
Kissinger, Henry, 183, 184, 202
Kohler, Foy, 183
Komer, Robert, 231
Korean War, 42, 69, 70, 98, 128, 157, 247, 248, 262, 273
Kornbluh, Peter, 144
Krock, Arthur, 247, 413
Krulak, Victor H., 343, 346, 391, 392, 395, 396, 406–7
Kubitschek, Juscelino, 214
Kuznetsov, Vasily, 365–66
Lansdale, Edward, 161, 163, 216–20, 237, 253–54, 265, 280, 409
Laos, 23, 67, 159, 171, 232, 233
JFK’s opposition to U.S. forces in, 233, 235
neutrality agreement sought, 280
Lapowski, Samuel, 117
Latin America, 23, 370
Alliance for Progress, 105, 128, 130–31, 133, 139, 167, 216, 253
communism in, 158, 159, 253, 362, 383
Cuba and, 366, 375, 383
Lawrence, Ernest, 209
Lechuga, Carlos, 385, 386, 389
Lederer, William J., 218
LeMay, Curtis, 72, 73–74, 75, 86, 315–16, 331, 382, 432
Lemnitzer, Lyman, 68–69, 75, 149, 158–59, 220, 226, 254, 277, 289
on JFK, 69–70
Vietnam and, 238, 242, 245, 261
Lewis, Anthony, 427
Life magazine, 265, 422, 424
Lincoln, Abraham, ix, x, 1, 25, 108
Lippmann, Walter, 99–100, 202
Lodge, Henry Cabot, 5
Lodge, Henry Cabot, Jr., 42
as ambassador in Vietnam, 355, 391, 392, 394, 396
Bundy’s opinion of, 405
Diem and Nhu coups and, 398, 400, 401, 403–5, 408, 409, 414–17
McNamara-Taylor visit (1963) and, 410
New York Times stories on, 413
press problems and, 394, 396, 409, 412
Lovett, Robert A., 84–85, 87, 116, 315
MacArthur, Douglas, 68, 75
Macmillan, Harold, 195, 198, 202, 200, 213, 255, 324, 357, 358
Manning, Robert, 393
Mansfield, Mike, 238–39, 381
meetings with JFK, 351, 395
memo to JFK, 337–39
report on Vietnam, 341, 343
Marshall, Burke, 122–23, 174, 427
Marshall, George C., 84, 98
Marshall, Thurgood, 251
Marshall Plan, 91
Martin, Edward, 302–3
Martin, John Bartlow, 427
McCarthy, Joseph, 14–15, 20, 98, 133, 138, 248, 312
JFK and, 14–15
RFK and, 44–46
McCloy, John, 225
McCone, John, 209, 223
background, 288
Castro ousting and, 254, 287
as CIA head, 217, 287
Cuba and, 360, 367, 368, 371, 375–77
Cuban missile crisis and, 295, 307, 314, 318, 321, 327
Cuba reconciliation opposed, 388
as hawk, 287
JFK’s dislike of, 293, 295
press leaks and, 369
resignation from LBJ’s White House, 431
RFK’s advocacy of, 288
Soviet military build-up in Cuba and, 288–89, 292–93, 295, 361–62
suggestions for resolution of Cuban problem, 374
Vietnam and, 341, 407, 416
McGarr, Lionel, 261
McGhee, George C., 248
McKinley, William, 47
McNamara, Robert, 85–87, 116, 430
Bay of Pigs and, 146, 147, 148, 149
Berlin strategy and, 185, 222
Burke and, 71–72
Castro ousting and, 215, 216
character and personality, 88–89
confrontation with Admiral Anderson, 322
Cuban missile crisis and, 294, 296, 298–99, 302, 303–4, 307–8, 310–11, 314, 318, 328, 331, 332, 333, 430
Cuba policy and, 156, 287, 360, 375, 384, 386
death of, 431
as Defense Secretary, 71–72, 84, 86–88, 89, 102, 126
Diem and, 267–68, 407, 409
at Ford, 85, 86
Galbraith’s memo and, 272
identified with JFK’s wishes, 369
JFKs opinion of, 87, 149, 279
as LBJ adviser, 429
Norstad and, 73
nuclear war and, 304
space race and, 179
test ban treaty and, 381, 430
Vietnam and, 162, 240, 241, 242, 245–47, 260, 267–68, 274, 280–81, 341, 349, 399, 403, 411–12
Vietnam and Joint Chiefs memo, 261
Vietnam as “McNamara’s war,” 267
Vietnam mistakes acknowledged, 404–5, 430–31
Vietnam visit (1962), 274–76
Vietnam visit (1963), 409–10
Vietnam War and reputation, 430–31
Mendenhall, Joe, 285, 406–7
Meredith, James, 282–83
Middle East, anti-colonialism and, 46, 102, 159
Milton Academy, 39
Mindszenty, Cardinal, 40
Minow, Newton, 180
Monroe, James, 31–32
Morgan, J. P., Jr., 118
Morse, Wayne, 266, 268
Naftali, Timothy, 320
NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Act)
LBJ and, 123–24, 180
moon landing and, 177–80
Shepard’s orbital flight, 179
National Aeronautics and Space Council, 123, 177, 180
National Security Council
Acheson’s Berlin report and, 204
Bundy sets up, 92
Castro and, 253, 370
Cuba and, 363–64, 367, 375, 383, 384
Cuban missile crisis and, 318–19
Forrestal as Vietnam expert, 281–82, 285–86, 337
JFK proposes ending to Cuba raids, 384
JFK’s proposal for Vietnam, 244–45
JFK wants troop withdrawal from Vietnam, 411–12
Komer on Southeast Asia, 231
Rostow in, 92
NATO, 23, 72–73, 326
Neustadt, Richard, 24,
25–26, 119
Newsweek
leaks to, 203, 221
Sully expelled by Diem, 286
New York Herald Tribune, 286
New York Times
criticism of Vietnam war, 276–77
Eisenhower criticism of JFK story, 295, 296
Halberstam in Vietnam, 230, 285, 337, 395, 397–98, 412–13
Halberstam on Mansfield, 338
JFK request to remove Halberstam, 414
Krock column on CIA-Lodge disagreement, 413
Reston article on censorship of Saigon reporters, 408
secrecy about U. S. forces in Vietnam decried, 263
Vietnam coverage, 412–13
wider U.S. role in Vietnam reported, 268
Ngo Dinh Diem, 230–31, 235, 236, 240, 243, 336, 337
assassination attempt, 266
assassination of, 417
background, 163–64, 230
corruptness and unpopularity, 163, 164, 234, 285, 286, 341, 344
demands on U.S., 171–72
JFK’s pressure policy, 409–10
JFK’s shock at killing of, 417–18
journalists and, 344, 345, 392
Kennedy letter to, 245–46
LBJ and, 165, 168, 170
McNamara-Taylor visit and, 410
ouster considered, 349, 351, 352, 355, 392, 394, 397, 398–404, 407, 410, 414–16
political reforms and, 344, 349
reelection, 165
religious intolerance of, 349, 355, 391
removal of Nhus and, 397, 403, 405
resistance to American advice, 348
supporters of, 164, 230, 266, 267, 267–68, 281, 392, 397, 398, 399, 407
Taylor and, 231, 284
U.S. press and, 286
U. S. warnings to, 391, 394, 405
Ngo Dinh Nhu and Madame Nhu, 267, 283, 284, 336, 337, 344, 348, 349–50, 351, 408, 413
assassination of, 417
Buddhist crisis and, 391, 394, 396, 397
removal discussed, 396, 397, 398, 403, 405
U. S. warnings to, 394
Nguyen Khanh, 398–99
Nguyen Ngoc Tho, 400
Nietzsche, Friedrich, 138
Nixon, Richard, ix, x, xi, 20, 21–22, 120
break-ins of JFK’s doctors’ offices and, 2
criticism of JFK’s administration, 203, 207
debate with JFK, 20–21
JFK meeting with, 22
JFK’s negative campaigning against, 19–21
“kitchen debates,” 20, 197
Schlesinger book and, 81
supporters of, 20
as vice president, 26, 47
Nolting, Frederick E., Jr., 164, 238, 261, 262
as ambassador in Vietnam, 163, 243, 244, 265, 274, 275, 337, 340, 343, 348
cable from Harriman, 269, 272
complaints about media in Vietnam, 337
Diem and, 266, 267, 344–45, 355, 392, 398, 399, 401
JFK request for data, 281–82
JFK’s meeting of August 27, 1963 and, 399
optimism for a military solution in Vietnam, 280–81
on progress of war, 278
quashing of criticism, 347
replacement of, 391, 392
Norstad, Lauris, 72–73, 226
nuclear test ban treaty, 209–13, 255–57, 336
Cousins and, 358–59
JFK-Macmillan initiative, 358
Joint Chiefs resistance to, 358
nuclear war and weapons
atmospheric tests, 208, 210, 256–57
Berlin threat and, 185, 204
Cuban missile crisis and potential for war, 294, 299, 301, 302, 304, 305, 308, 312, 314, 320, 321, 332
destructive powers of, 362–63
Eisenhower’s massive retaliation policy, 72, 93, 157, 158
fallout concerns, 208, 256
JFK’s concerns, xi, 1, 17, 67–68, 70, 185, 205, 223, 363
JFK’s “flexible response,” 72, 93, 159
Joint Chiefs willingness to engage, 362, 363
Joint Strategic Capabilities Plan, 74
Khrushchev and, 191, 201, 223, 356–60
MAD (mutually assured destruction) and, 69, 159, 205
McNamara and, 304
nuclear testing and arms control, 207–13, 255–57, 356–60, 379–83
nuclear winter, 208
preemptive first strike policy, 74, 254
stockpiling of weapons, 208
U.S. military establishment and, 69, 70, 72–73, 158–59
O’Brien, Lawrence F., 109, 112
as JFK’s point man with Congress, 112–14
JFK’s campaigns and, 112, 113
as member of “Irish Mafia,” 112
O’Donnell, Kenneth, 109, 111, 226, 227
dislike of Sorensen, 81, 369
friendship with RFK, 111
as gatekeeper, 110
as JFK confidant, 339
JFK on Joint Chiefs, 317
as JFK’s principal political adviser, 110–12
JFK’s Senate race and, 42–43
JFK’s speech to Cuban exiles and, 364
as member of “Irish Mafia,” 112
Onassis, Aristotle, 423
Once Upon a Secret (Alford), 31
One World (Wilkie), 218
Organization of American States (OAS), 300
Oswald, Lee Harvey, 421
Other America, The (Harrington), 107
“Our Men in Miami” (New Republic), 141
Parnell, Charles, 35
Passman, Otto, 404
Peace Corps, 121, 128–30, 131
Pearson, Drew, RFK letter to, 64
Pentagon. See U. S. Department of Defense
Power, Thomas, 72, 73
Powers, Dave, 109, 335
JFK and Bay of Pigs, 136, 144
Kennedy’s womanizing and, 32, 109
as member of “Irish Mafia,” 112
as special counsel to the president, 109–10
Presidential Power (Neustadt), 24
Profiles in Courage (JFK), 14, 80
Quiet American, The (Greene), 218
Rauh, Joe, 336
Rayburn, Sam, 13
Raymont, Henry, 145
Reagan, Ronald, ix, x, 146
Republican Party
anti-Castro hawks and, 366–67
Cuba hosting Soviet missiles, concern about, 293
foreign policy and, 16–17
Goldwater nomination, 335
JFK’s advisers, Republicans among, 22, 76, 82, 85, 89, 102, 104, 116–17, 288
on JFK’s involvement in Vietnam, 263
presidential campaign (1952), 42
Reston, James, 15, 198, 263, 292
Ribicoff, Abe, 63
Riesman, David, 90–91
Roosevelt, Eleanor, 15, 60, 95, 124, 125
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano (FDR), ix, x, 1, 8, 19, 28, 47, 82, 108, 118, 186
advisers and decision-making, 25
brain trust for, 82
Good Neighbor Policy, 131
hiding of paralysis by, 11
Joe Kennedy, Sr. and, 7–8
as model for managing staff, 111–12
national consensus on war and, 262
New Deal, 55, 336
State Department and, 184
Roosevelt, Franklin, Jr., 55–56
Roosevelt, Theodore, ix, x, 17, 25, 28, 47, 108
Rostow, Walt
as adviser to LBJ, 429
anti-communism of, 91–92
background, 91–92
on Bay of Pigs, 136, 146
Bundy and, 92–93
as Deputy National Security Adviser, 91–93, 126
JFK’s diminished confidence in, 279
JFK’s presidential race and, 92
Vietnam and, 164–65, 170–71, 229–36, 242, 243, 277–78, 404–5, 431
Vietnam fact-finding trip, 237, 238
Rusk, Dean, 84, 98–99, 429
Acheson and, 98
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as adviser to LBJ, 429–30
attitude toward position, 100
background, 97–98
Bay of Pigs and, 133, 139–40, 143, 150–51
Berlin crisis and, 227–28
conflict among advisers and, 369
Cuba and, 287, 360, 377, 388
Cuba hosting Soviet missiles disputed by, 290, 293
Cuban missile crisis and, 296, 298, 299–300, 302–3, 304, 310, 321, 325, 328–29, 333
disarmament and, 210
as “gray eminence,” 100
humor directed at, 100, 101
JFK’s compelling to accept appointment, 99
JFK’s diminished confidence in, 279
JFK’s message to Khrushchev and, 323
JFK’s opinion of, 140, 429
JFK’s relationship with, 101
JFK’s speech to Cuban exiles and, 364
Korean War and, 98
lobbying for appointment, 101
middle-ground as characteristic, 371, 388, 429
Moscow trip for test ban treaty signing, 380
post-State Department career, 430
regard for Dulles, 133
secrecy and, 100
as Secretary of State, 93, 97–101
space race and, 179
Stevenson and, 142
test ban treaty and, 255, 256
Vietnam and, 162, 229, 230, 232, 234, 238, 240, 241, 242, 243, 245, 248, 265, 266, 268, 341, 409
Vietnam and Diem, 352, 354, 355, 398, 403, 404, 416
Vietnam War and reputation, 430
Russell, Bertrand, 321, 323
Russell, Richard, 242
Rustin, Bayard, 173
Ryan, Elizabeth “Toodles,” 6
Salinger, Pierre, 109, 111, 203, 229
anger at Bowles, 153
JFK’s live televised press conferences and, 115–16
Khrushchev message sent through, 229
on O’Donnell, 110
as press secretary, 114–16
Samuelson, Paul, 118
Scali, John, 325
Schlesinger, Arthur, Jr., 27, 307
as adviser, 81–83, 96, 126
Bay of Pigs invasion and compromising of, 136–37, 140–41, 143, 146
Berlin crisis and, 229
on Bundy, 333
on Burke, 71
Castro ousting and, 215
on Dillon, 117
on Fulbright, 96
on Harriman, 193
Harriman message to JFK and, 322
at Harvard, 82, 83
Jacqueline Kennedy interviews, 27, 422
JFK and Berlin, 183–84
JFK and the Soviets, 223
JFK and Vietnam, 241
JFK on job of, 1
JFK on military as mad, 332
JFK presidential campaign and, 81–82
JFK’s health problems and, 79
on JFK’s management style, 112
JFK’s memory preserved by, 422
on JFK’s retention of Joint Chiefs, 75
on Lemnitzer, 69
as liability, 279–80