44. WWR,752. Letter to Catharine Macaulay Graham, January 9, 1790.
45. Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, 290.
46. Marshall, Life of George Washington, 467.
47. Wiencek, Imperfect God, 188.
48. Jefferson, Writings, 1318.
49. Ibid.
50. WWF,35:138. Letter to the Secretary of War, July 13, 1796.
51. Brookhiser, Founding Father, 78-79.
52. WWF,35:296. Letter to George Washington Parke Custis, November 28, 1796.
53. Wills, Cincinnatus, 100.
54. WWR,662-63. Letter to Bushrod Washington, November 9, 1787.
55. Thompson, “In the Hands of a Good Providence,” 8.
56. WWF,33:319. Letter to James McHenry, April 8, 1794.
57. PWCF,4:211. Letter to Theodorick Bland, August 15, 1786.
58. Freeman, George Washington, 7:493.
59. PWRT,1:219. Letter to David Humphreys, June 26, 1797.
60. WWR,823. Letter to John Francis Mercer, September 26, 1792.
61. Ibid., 699. Letter to Benjamin Lincoln, October 26, 1788.
62. Ibid., 712. “Fragments of a Draft of the First Inaugural Address,” ca. January 1789.
63. PWP, 1:244. Letter from James Madison, January 14, 1789.
64. Ibid., 2:419. Letter to James Madison, ca. May 31, 1789.
65. Leibiger, Founding Friendship, 121.
66. PWP, 4:176. Letter to Gouverneur Morris, October 13, 1789.
CHAPTER FIFTY: THE TRAVELING PRESIDENCY
1. WWR,737-38. Letter to John Adams, May 10, 1789.
2. PWP, 4:132. “Thanksgiving Proclamation,” October 3, 1789.
3. Jefferson, Writings, 1319.
4. Diaries,5:464. Diary entry for October 17, 1789.
5. DiariesA,348. Diary entry for October 21, 1789.
6. Ibid., 349. Diary entry for October 23, 1789.
7. Irving, Life of George Washington, 562.
8. Ibid., 563.
9. DiariesA,350. Diary entry for October 24, 1789.
10. Diaries,5:475.
11. DiariesA,351. Diary entry for October 25, 1789.
12. PWP, 4:228. Letter from John Hancock, October 26, 1789.
13. Ibid., 162. Letter to Betty Washington Lewis, October 12, 1789.
14. Ibid., 162-63.
15. Decatur, Private Affairs of George Washington, 83.
16. Miles, George and Martha Washington, 21.
17. DiariesA,352.
18. Ibid. Diary entry for October 28, 1789.
19. Thompson, Statements Regarding the Physical Appearance, 48.
20. Diaries,5:480-81.
21. Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, 278.
22. DiariesA, 353. Diary entry for October 29, 1789.
23. Ibid.
24. Ibid., 356. Diary entry for November 3, 1789.
25. Ibid., Diary entry for November 5, 1789.
26. Ibid., 357. Diary entry for November 6, 1789.
27. Freeman, George Washington, 6:245.
28. DiariesA,358. Diary entry for November 13, 1789.
29. Ibid., 333.
30. Ibid., 341.
31. PWP, 9:217. Letter to Lafayette, November 21, 1791.
32. Miles, George and Martha Washington, 25.
33. Cadou, George Washington Collection, 134.
34. Custis, Recollections and Private Memoirs of Washington, 408.
35. Irving, Life of George Washington, 617.
36. Miles, George and Martha Washington, 17.
37. Barratt and Miles, Gilbert Stuart, 191.
38. Brookhiser, Founding Father, 165.
39. Wiencek, Imperfect God, 7.
40. Decatur, Private Affairs of George Washington, 310.
41. Custis, Recollections and Private Memoirs of Washington, 41.
42. PWRT, 2:324. Letter to George Washington Parke Custis, June 13, 1798.
43. PWP,8:52.
44. Diaries,6:26.
45. PWP, 5:193. Letter to Gouverneur Morris, March 1, 1790.
CHAPTER FIFTY-ONE: THE STATE OF THE PRESIDENT
1. Maclay, Diary of William Maclay, 179.
2. WWR,749. “First Annual Message to Congress,” January 8, 1790.
3. Maclay, Diary of William Maclay, 182.
4. Irving, Life of George Washington, 572.
5. WWR,503. Letter to Lund Washington, March 19, 1783.
6. PWCF,5:411-12. Letter to David Stuart, November 5, 1787.
7. Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, 297.
8. Burns and Dunn, George Washington, 79.
9. Adams, Life and Writings of Jared Sparks, 1:565.
10. WWR,502. Letter to Joseph Jones, March 18, 1783.
11. WWF, 26:446-47. “General Orders,” May 21, 1783.
12. WWR,757. Letter to David Stuart, March 28, 1790.
13. Ibid., 756.
14. Ibid., 760. Letter to David Stuart, June 15, 1780.
15. PWP,4:266. “To the Society of Quakers,” ca. October 1789.
16. WWR,1118.
17. Bordewich, Washington, 39.
18. Winik, Great Upheaval, 277.
19. DiariesA,367. Diary entry for March 16, 1790.
20. WWR,758. Letter to David Stuart, March 28, 1790.
21. Ibid., 761. Letter to David Stuart, June 15, 1790.
22. Fountain, “Observatory,” New York Times, January 17, 2006.
23. PWP,5:388. Letter from Henry Hill, May 7, 1790.
24. Van Doren, Benjamin Franklin, 780.
25. Schiff, Great Improvisation, 403.
26. Diaries,6:56. Diary entry for April 4, 1790.
27. PWP, 5:394.
28. Ibid.
29. Ibid.
30. Ibid., 5:395.
31. Ibid., 5:393.
32. Ibid., 5:394.
33. Ibid.
34. DiariesA,373.
35. Ibid.
36. Unger, Unexpected Washington, 200.
37. DiariesA,373.
38. PWP, 5:397.
39. Ibid., 5:469. Letter to the Marquis de Lafayette, June 3, 1790.
40. Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 226.
41. PWP, 5:396.
42. Ibid, 5:397.
43. Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, 323.
44. PWP, 5:527. Letter to David Stuart, June 15, 1790.
45. Ibid.
46. Ibid., 5:469. Letter to the Marquis de Lafayette, June 3, 1790.
47. Decatur, Private Affairs of George Washington, 133.
48. PWP, 8:327.
49. Unger, Unexpected George Washington, 201.
CHAPTER FIFTY-TWO: CAPITAL MATTERS
1. WWR,796-97. Letter to Arthur Young, December 5, 1791.
2. Ketcham, James Madison, 309.
3. WWR,761. Letter to David Stuart, June 15, 1790.
4. Ibid.
5. Bordewich, Washington, 29.
6. Maclay, Diary of William Maclay, 257.
7. Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, 319.
8. Ibid., 328.
9. PWP,11:98. Letter from Thomas Jefferson, September 9, 1792.
10 . Maclay, Diary of William Maclay, 21.
11 . PWP, 6:72.
12 . Schutz and Adair, Spur of Fame, 105.
13 . Maclay, Diary of William Maclay, 368.
14 . Thompson, “In the Hands of a Good Providence,” 159.
15. Ibid.
16 . PWP, 6:285. “To the Hebrew Congregation in Newport, Rhode Island,” August 18, 1790.
17 . Ibid., 5:448. Letter to the Savannah, Georgia, Hebrew Congregation, ca. May 1790.
18. Ibid., 6:303. 19 . Freeman, George Washington, 6:279.
20 . PWP, 6:681. Letter from Tobias Lear, November 21, 1790.
21 . Ibid., 6:105. Letter to Clement Biddle, July 20, 1790.
22 . Decatur, Private Affairs of George Washington, 169.
23 . Cadou, George Washington Collection, 154.
24 . WWR,768. “Second Annual Message to Congress,” December 8, 1790.
25 . Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, 342.
> 26 . Maclay, Diary of William Maclay, 377.
27 . Decatur, Private Affairs of George Washington, 136.
28 . PWP, 6:606. Letter from Tobias Lear, October 31, 1790.
29 . Ibid., 6:409. Letter to Tobias Lear, September 9, 1790.
30 . Ibid., 6:682. Letter to Tobias Lear, November 22, 1790.
31 . Ibid., 8:85. Letter to Tobias Lear, April 12, 1791.
32 . Ibid.
33 . Ibid.
34 . Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 230.
35 . PWP, 8:85. Letter to Tobias Lear, April 12, 1791.
36 . Ibid., 8:132. Letter from Tobias Lear, April 24, 1791.
37. Ibid.
38 . Ibid., 8:232. Letter from Tobias Lear, June 5, 1791.
39 . Schwarz, Slavery at the Home of George Washington, 36.
40 . Decatur, Private Affairs of George Washington, 254.
41 . PWP, 11:229. Letter to Anthony Whitting, October 14, 1792.
42 . Ibid., 10:461. Letter to Arthur Young, June 18, 1792.
43 . Henriques, Realistic Visionary, 151.
44 . Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 233.
45 . Henriques, Realistic Visionary, 150.
46 . PWP, 11:229. Letter to Anthony Whitting, October 14, 1792.
47 . Ibid., 11:333. Letter to Anthony Whitting, November 4, 1792.
48 . Ibid., 11:401. Letter to Anthony Whitting, November 18, 1792.
49 . WWF,34:12. Letter to William Pearce, November 2, 1794.
50 . Ibid., 35:34. Letter to William Pearce, May 1, 1796.
51 . Henriques, Realistic Visionary, 149.
52 . PWP, 11:461. Letter to Anthony Whitting, December 2, 1792.
53 . Henriques, Realistic Visionary, 154.
CHAPTER FIFTY-THREE: SOUTHERN EXPOSURE
1 . Diaries,6:9. Diary entry for January 18, 1790.
2 . PWP, 7:355. Letter to John Greenwood, February 16, 1791.
3 . Ibid., 8:515. Letter from John Greenwood, September 10, 1791.
4 . WWR,985. Letter to John Greenwood, January 20, 1797.
5. Ibid., 986.
6 . PWRT,3:245. Letter to John Greenwood, December 7, 1798.
7 . Ibid.
8 . PWRT, 3:289. Letter from John Greenwood, December 28, 1798.
9 . Ketchum, Victory at Yorktown, 166.
10 . Decatur, Private Affairs of George Washington, 195.
11 . Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, 362.
12 . Decatur, Private Affairs of George Washington, 179.
13 . Ibid., 177.
14 . Ibid., 200.
15 . Ibid., 173.
16 . Chinard, George Washington as the French Knew Him, 94.
17 . Miles, George and Martha Washington, 20.
18 . PWRT, 3:243. Letter to Elizabeth Willing Powel, December 4, 1798.
19 . Ibid., 3:242. Letter from Elizabeth Willing Powel, December 3, 1798.
20 . Decatur, Private Affairs of George Washington, 311.
21 . PWRT,1:130. Letter to Mary White Morris, May 1, 1797.
22 . WWR,824. Letter to Elizabeth Washington Lewis, October 7, 1792.
23 . Burns and Dunn, George Washington, 81.
24 . Cappon, Adams-Jefferson Letters, 401.
25 . PWRT, 1:392. Letter to Elizabeth Foote Washington, October 8, 1797.
26 . PWP,7:396.
27 . Ibid., 7:357. Letter to Alexander Hamilton, February 16, 1791.
28 . Freeman, George Washington, 6:293.
29 . Cappon, Adams-Jefferson Letters, 363.
30 . PWP,8:359. Letter to David Humphreys, July 20, 1791.
31 . Ibid., 5:236. Letter from David Stuart, March 15, 1790.
32. Ibid., 6:274.
33 . Freeman, George Washington, 6:307.
34 . PWP,8:277. Letter to Tobias Lear, June 19, 1791.
35. Diaries,6:107.
36 . Ibid., 6:112. Diary entry for April 15, 1791.
37 . Ibid., 6:113. Diary entry for April 16, 1791.
38. Ibid., 112.
39 . DiariesA,383. Diary entry for April 20, 1791.
40 . PWP, 8:73-74.
41. Diaries,6:120.
42 . McCammant, George Washington the Mason, 11.
43. Diaries,6:128.
44 . Chinard, George Washington as the French Knew Him, xvi.
45 . DiariesA, 385. Diary entry for May 3, 1791.
46 . Ibid., 385-86. Diary entry for May 5, 1791.
47. Diaries,6:125. 48 . PWP, 8:183. Letter to Tobias Lear, May 14, 1791.
49. DiariesA,387.
50. Diaries,6:142.
51 . DiariesA,387. Diary entry for May 19, 1791.
52 . Diaries,6:154. Diary entry for June 2, 1791.
53 . DiariesA,391. Diary entry for June 4, 1791.
54 . PWP, 8:357-58. Letter to Catharine Sawbridge Macaulay Graham, July 19, 1791.
55 . Ibid., 8:358. Letter to David Humphreys, July 20, 1791.
56 . Ibid., 8:415. Letter to William Moultrie, August 9, 1791.
57 . Ibid., 8:327.
CHAPTER FIFTY-FOUR: RUNNING INTO EXTREMES
1 . WWR,589. Letter to James McHenry, August 22, 1785.
2 . Grant, John Adams, 366.
3 . Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, 294.
4 . Diaries,6:87-88. Diary entry for July 8, 1790.
5 . DiariesA,377. Diary entry for July 14, 1790.
6 . PWP, 6:83.
7 . Jackman, “Young Englishman Reports.”
8 . PWCF,5:359. Letter from the Marquis de Lafayette, October 9, 1787.
9 . Ketchum, Victory at Yorktown, 49.
10 . WWR,375. Letter to Joseph Reed, May 28, 1780.
11 . PWCF,6:137. Letter to James Madison, March 2, 1788.
12 . WWR,683. Letter to the Marquis de Lafayette, June 19, 1788.
13 . Unger, Lafayette, 234.
14 . Weber, Queen of Fashion, 200.
15 . PWP, 5:241. Letter from the Marquis de Lafayette, March 17, 1790.
16. Ibid., 5:243.
17 . WWR,746. Letter to Gouverneur Morris, October 13, 1789.
18 . PWP, 4:567. Letter from the Marquis de Lafayette, January 12, 1790.
19 . Ibid., 6:231. Letter to Rochambeau, August 10, 1790.
20 . Ibid., 6:233. Letter to Lafayette, August 11, 1790.
21 . Unger, Lafayette, 263.
22 . PWP,6:317. Letter from Lafayette, August 23, 1790.
23 . Nelson, Thomas Paine, 210.
24 . Hitchens, Thomas Jefferson, 84.
25 . Nelson, Thomas Paine, 217.
26. Ibid., 216.
27 . PWP,10:88.
28 . Weber, Queen of Fashion, 239.
29 . WWR,780. Letter to Lafayette, July 28, 1791.
30 . Unger, Lafayette, 277
31 . PWP, 8:24. “Agreement of the Proprietors of the Federal District,” March 30, 1791.
32 . Berg, Grand Avenues, 103.
33 . Bordewich, Washington, 73.
34 . PWP, 8:288. Letter from Pierre-Charles L’Enfant, June 22, 1791.
35 . Ibid., 4:15. Letter from Pierre-Charles L’Enfant, September 11, 1789.
36 . Berg, Grand Avenues, 103.
37 . MTV. “Early Descriptions Ante 1800.”
38 . WWR,785. Letter to Tobias Lear, October 14, 1791.
39 . Ibid., 787. “Third Annual Message to Congress,” October 25, 1791.
40 . PWP, 9:239. Letter to Thomas Jefferson, November 30, 1791.
41 . Ibid., 245. Letter to Pierre-Charles L’Enfant, December 2, 1791.
42 . Berg, Grand Avenues, 175.
43 . PWP,9:469. Letter to Thomas Jefferson, January 18, 1792.
44 . Schutz and Adair, Spur of Fame, 103.
45 . PWP, 10:18. Letter to Thomas Jefferson, March 4, 1792.
46 . Bordewich, Washington, 101.
47 . WWR,745. Letter to Arthur St.Clair, October 6, 1789.
48 . Callahan, Henry Knox, 317.
49 . WWR, 768. Letter to Henry Knox, November 19, 1790.
50 . PWP, 8:275.
51 . Ibid., 360. Letter to D
avid Humphreys, July 20, 1791.
52 . WWR,774. “To the Chiefs of the Seneca Nation,” December 29, 1790.
53 . Callahan, Henry Knox, 319.
54 . WWR,687. Letter to Richard Henderson, June 19, 1788.
55 . Kohn, Eagle and Sword, 115.
56 . Ibid.
57 . Freeman, George Washington, 6:336.
58 . PWP, 9:275.
59 . Ibid., 10:71. “Thomas Jefferson’s Memorandum of a Meeting of the Heads of the Executive Departments,” March 9, 1792.
60. Ibid., 10:156.
61 . Kohn, Eagle and Sword, 116.
62 . PWP, 9:505.
63 . Ibid., 10:169.
64 . Ibid.
65 . Callahan, Henry Knox, 322.
CHAPTER FIFTY-FIVE: A TISSUE OF MACHINATIONS
1 . PWP, 5:468. Letter to the Marquis de Lafayette, June 3, 1790.
2 . Ellis, American Creation, 165.
3. Ibid., 173.
4 . PWP, 8:185. Letter from Thomas Jefferson, May 15, 1791.
5 . Wilentz, Rise of American Democracy, 49.
6 . McDonald, Presidency of George Washington, 92.
7 . Diaries,6:12. Diary entry for January 22, 1790.
8 . Decatur, Private Affairs of George Washington, 266.
9 . Burns and Dunn, George Washington, 84.
10. Ibid., 87.
11 . Ibid.
12 . PWP, 8:359. Letter to David Humphreys, July 20, 1791.
13 . Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, 357.
14. Ibid., 358.
15 . Ibid., 359.
16 . Ibid.
17. Ibid.
18. Ibid., 380.
19. Ibid., 381.
20 . Ibid.
21. Ibid., 382.
22 . Fleming, “Wall Street’s First Collapse.”
23 . PWP,5:355. Letter from Lund Washington, April 28, 1790.
24 . Berg, Grand Avenues, 188. 25 . PWP, 9:483. Letter from “Anonymous,” ca. January 1792.
26 . Ibid., 10:174. Letter from “Anonymous,” March 1792.
27. Ibid.
28 . PWP, 10:6-7. “Thomas Jefferson’s Memorandum of Conversations with Washington,” March 1, 1792.
29. Ibid., 10:8.
30 . Ellis, American Creation, 192.
31 . PWP, 10:8. “Thomas Jefferson’s Memorandum of
Conversations with Washington,” March 1, 1792.
32 . Ibid.
33 . Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, 400.
34 . Decatur, Private Affairs of George Washington, 268.
35 . Wiencek, Imperfect God, 362.
36 . PWP, 10:314. Letter to Elizabeth Willing Powel, April 23, 1792.
37 . Ibid., 10:349. “Madison’s Conversations with Washington,” May 5, 1792.
38. Ibid., 10:350.
39. Ibid., 10:352.
40. Ibid., 10:351.
41 . Ibid., 10:400. Letter to James Madison, May 20, 1792.