50. Hibbert, 225.
51. William Ayers, Fugitive Days: Memoirs of an Anti-War Activist (Boston: Beacon Press, 2009), 130.
52. Durschmied, 53.
53. Hibbert, 225–27.
54. Durschmied, 53.
55. Goudemetz.
56. Andres, 229.
57. See Andres, 168, 229.
58. See Hibbert, 243–45.
59. Ibid., 245–46.
60. Ibid., 246.
61. Ibid., 248.
62. Durschmied, 58–59.
63. Hibbert, 261.
64. Durschmied, 64.
EIGHT. THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION: HOW TO THROW A REVOLUTION WITHOUT LOSING YOUR HEAD
1. Editorial: “The Powerful Idea of Human Rights,” New York Times, December 8, 1999.
2. Editorial: “French Pique,” New York Times, July 1, 2000.
3. Ralph C. Hancock, “Two Revolutions and the Problem of Modern Prudence,” in Ralph C. Hancock and L. Gary Lambert, The Legacy of the French Revolution (Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 1996), 272.
4. Joseph J. Ellis, His Excellency: George Washington (Vintage, 1st Vintage edition, November 8, 2005), 61.
5. David Hackett Fischer, Paul Revere’s Ride (Oxford University Press, 1994), 25–26.
6. Letter of John Adams to General James Warren, dated December 17, 1773, available at http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=F60E13F63D5D1A7493C3AB1789D95F458784F9.
7. Fischer, 23.
8. David McCullough, John Adams (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001), 66–68.
9. Jill Lepore, “Tea and Sympathy: Who Owns the American Revolution?,” The New Yorker, May 3, 2010.
10. Howard Zinn, A People’s History of the United States (Harper Perennial Modern Classics, 2010), 66.
11. Fischer, 237.
12. Ibid., 93–97.
13. Ibid., 99–103.
14. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, “Paul Revere’s Ride” (1861).
15. Fischer, 139.
16. Ibid., 109.
17. Ibid., 129.
18. Ibid., 131.
19. Ibid., 131.
20. Ibid., 134.
21. Ibid., 136.
22. See Fischer generally.
23. Ibid., 243–44.
24. Ibid., 254.
25. Ibid., 204–5.
26. Ibid., 110.
27. M. Stanton Evans, “Faith of Our Fathers,” The American Spectator, February 2007.
28. See, e.g., David Limbaugh, “Liberal Paranoia About Christian Conservatives,” Townhall, available at http://townhall.com/columnists/DavidLimbaugh/2010/02/26/
liberal_paranoia_about_christian_conservatives/page/2.
29. Letter from John Adams to Benjamin Rush, from Quincy, Massachusetts, dated December 21, 1809, available at http://www.wallbuilders.com/LIBissuesArticles.asp?id=8755#FN1.
30. Terence Marshall, “Human Rights and Constitutional Government: A Franco-American Dialogue at the Time of the Revolution,” in The Legacy of the French Revolution (Hancock, ed., Rowman & Littlefield, 1996), 164, n. 62. (citing Rousseau …).
31. See, e.g., Limbaugh.
32. Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay, The Federalist Papers (Penguin Classics, 1987), No. 10, 124–25.
33. Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France, edited by Conor Cruise O’Brien (Penguin Classics, 1976), 13.
34. Goudemetz.
35. Madison, Hamilton, and John Jay, 64–65.
36. Ibid., 42.
37. Ibid., 43–44.
38. Ibid., 45.
39. Ibid., No. 55, at 336.
40. Ibid., No. 51, 320.
41. Ibid., No. 10, 123.
42. Leslie M. Harris, In the Shadow of Slavery: African Americans in New York City, 1626–1863 (University of Chicago Press, 2003), excerpt available at http://www.press.uchicago.edu/Misc/Chicago/317749.html.
43. See, generally, Juan Williams, Eyes on the Prize: America’s Civil Rights Years, 1954–1965 (Penguin Books, 1987), 178–94.
44. David Garrow, Bearing the Cross (Perennial Classics, 2004), 251, 264.
45. Williams, 190.
46. Taylor Branch, Parting the Waters: America in the King Years 1954–63 (Simon & Schuster, 1988), 217.
47. Ibid., 190.
NINE. THE SIXTIES: THE MOB GOES TO COLLEGE
1. Nathan Glazer, “ ‘Student Power’ in Berkeley,” reprinted in Daniel Bell and Irving Kristol, eds., Confrontation: The Student Rebellion and the Universities (Basic Books, 1968), 5–6.
2. “Occupied Berkeley,” Time, May 30, 1969.
3. Quoted in Jack Newfield, “Setting Matters Straight at Columbia,” New York, November 25, 1968.
4. Glazer, 47.
5. Ibid., 51.
6. Thai Jones, A Radical Line: From the Labor Movement to the Weather Underground, One Family’s Century of Conscience (New York: Free Press, 2004), 163.
7. Biographies, The National Journal, November 8, 2008.
8. Glazer, 57.
9. Ibid., 52, 57.
10. James Rosen, “New Light Shed on Kent State Killings,” Washington Times, May 4, 2010.
11. Erik Durschmied, The Blood of Revolution: From the Reign of Terror to the Rise of Khomeini (Arcade Publishing, 2002), 25.
12. Susan Braudy, Family Circle: The Boudins and the Aristocracy of the Left (Knopf, 2003), 107, 135.
13. Ibid., 105.
14. Ibid., 223.
15. Ibid., 280.
16. Ibid., 192.
17. Ibid., 188.
18. Michael W. Flamm, “Law and Order at Large: The New York Civilian Review Board Referendum of 1966 and the Crisis of Liberalism,” The Historian, March 22, 2002 (citing Associated Press Release, December 13, 1968, “Memos to DJ Officials from AG, 1968–69 [1],” Papers of Ramsey Clark, Box 109, LBJ Library. See also Lionel H. Mitchell [a black conservative], “When Law and Order Fail,” National Review, July 30, 1968, 741–42).
19. Braudy, 195.
20. Ibid., 208.
21. Ibid., 212.
22. Ibid., 206.
23. Ibid., 249.
24. Ibid., 277.
25. Ibid., 265–66.
26. Ibid., 267.
27. Ibid., 424, n. 272.
28. Ibid., 267.
29. Ibid., 305.
30. See, e.g., Steve Lieberman, “Ex-Police Chief Reflects on Career,” The Journal News (Westchester County, NY), June 6, 2004.
31. Gustave Le Bon, The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind (Dover, 2002) (1895), 22.
32. Mel Gussow, “The House on West 11th Street,” New York Times, March 5, 2000.
33. Ibid.
34. Braudy, 328.
35. Ibid., 380.
36. Ibid., 161.
37. Elizabeth Kolbert, “The Prisoner,” The New Yorker, July 16, 2001. (“Dohrn teaches law at Northwestern University and is, at fifty-nine, still notably glamorous.”)
38. Braudy, 369–70.
39. Kolbert.
40. Ibid.
41. Braudy, 316.
42. Ibid., 210.
43. Noel Sheppard, “Axelrod Joke: Obamas Considered Naming Dog Miss California,” Newsbusters, May 16, 2009.
44. William Ayers, Fugitive Days: A Memoir (Boston: Beacon Press, 2001), passim.
45. Paul Mulshine, “The Founder of Kwanzaa Has a Lot of Explaining to Do,” Star-Ledger (Newark, NJ), December 20, 1998 (quoting the Los Angeles Times).
46. California State University at Long Beach, Faculty, Black Studies Department, Ron Karenga, available at http://www.csulb.edu/colleges/cla/departments/africanastudies/
people/mkarenga.htm.
47. David Hilliard, This Side of Glory: The Autobiography of David Hilliard and the Story of the Black Panther Party (Lawrence Hill Books, 2001), 264–65.
48. David Hilliard, Biography and Booking Information, SpeakOut!, available at http://www.speakoutnow.org/userdata_display.php?modin=50&uid=64.
49. Kolbert.
50. Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France (
Dover, 2006) (first published in 1790), 80–81.
51. “Like the Plague, the Sixties Will Always Be with Us,” The American Spectator, July 1997 (quoting Reassessing the Sixties: Debating the Political and Cultural Legacy (ed. Stephen Macedo) [Norton, 1997]).
TEN. CIVIL RIGHTS AND THE MOB: GEORGE WALLACE, BULL CONNOR, ORVAL FAUBUS, AND OTHER DEMOCRATS
1. “Our Country: The Shaping of America from Roosevelt to Reagan: Interview with Michael Barone,” CSPAN Booknotes, 1990, available at http://www.booknotes.org/Watch/11988-1/Michael+Barone.aspx.
2. See Jack Kelly, “Time to Tell the Truth: The Great Movement of Blacks to the Democratic Party Took Place for Economic Reasons, Not Because of Civil Rights,” Jewish World Review, December 20, 2002.
3. See, e.g., Robert A. Caro, The Years of Lyndon Johnson, vol. 3: Master of the Senate (Vintage, 2003) (2002).
4. Ibid., 905.
5. Ibid., 907.
6. Damon W. Root, “When Bigots Become Reformers: The Progressive Era’s Shameful Record on Race,” Reason, May 2006.
7. Lawrence Jacob Friedman, White Savage: Racial Fantasies in the Postbellum South (Prentice Hall, 1970), 156.
8. R. W. Apple Jr., “G.O.P. Tries Hard to Win Black Votes, but Recent History Works Against It,” New York Times, September 19, 1996.
9. Ibid.
10. Jack White, “Lott, Reagan and Republican Racism,” Time, December 14, 2002.
11. “Was It Ever Going to Be Easy?,” a Newsweek forum, Newsweek, May 5, 2008.
12. Taylor Branch, Parting the Waters: America in the King Years, 1954–63 (Simon & Schuster, 1988), 360.
13. Henry A. Rhodes, “An Analysis of the Civil Rights Act of 1964: A Legislated Response to Racial Discrimination in the U.S.,” Yale–New Haven Teachers Institute, 1982, available at http://www.yale.edu/ynhti/curriculum/units/1982/3/82.03.04.x.html.
14. Caro, xv.
15. Ibid., 858.
16. Ibid., 946.
17. Senate Roll Call Vote #284 HR. 8601. PASSAGE OF AMENDED BILL. 86th Congress (Apr. 8, 1960), available at http://www.govtrack.us/congress/vote.xpd?vote=s1960-284.
18. See Senate Roll Call Vote #284 HR. 8601. PASSAGE OF AMENDED BILL. 86th Congress (Apr. 8, 1960), available at http://www.govtrack.us/congress/vote.xpd?vote=s1960-284; House Roll Call Vote #106, HR 8601. CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1960. APPROVAL BY THE HOUSE OF THE SENATE’S AMENDMENTS. 86th Congress (Apr. 21, 1960), available at http://www.govtrack.us/congress/vote.xpd?vote=h1960-106
19. House Roll Call Vote #106, HR 8601. CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1960. APPROVAL BY THE HOUSE OF THE SENATE’S AMENDMENTS. 86th Congress (Apr. 21, 1960), available at http://www.govtrack.us/congress/vote.xpd?vote=h1960-106.
20. Root.
21. Thomas Sowell, Black Rednecks and White Racists (Encounter Books, 2005), 241.
22. Bart Barnes, “Barry Goldwater, GOP Hero Dies,” Washington Post, May 30, 1998.
23. Ibid.
24. Thomas Sowell, “Government’s Role in Racial Bias,” St. Louis Post-Dispatch (Missouri), August 11, 1995.
25. Quotes from Real Time with Bill Maher, The Real Bill Maher blog, Nov 5, 2010, available at http://therealbillmaher.blogspot.com/2010/11/quotes-from-real-time-with-bill-maher.html.
26. Sarah Woolfolk Wiggins, Civil War to Civil Rights, Alabama 1860–1960: An Anthology from The Alabama Review (University of Alabama Press, 1987) (describing Gayle as a “Machine stalwart,” meaning the machine of Democrat Williams Adam Gunter), 465.
27. Noel Sheppard, “Bill Maher Calls Sarah Palin a Dumb [Vagina],” Newsbusters, March 19, 2011, available at http://newsbusters.org/blogs/noel-sheppard/2011/03/19/bill-maher-calls-sarah-palin-dumb-vagina#ixzz1H7VwHm5Z.
28. Barone, Our Country (Free Press, 1992), 449.
29. Patrick J. Buchanan, “The Neocons and Nixon’s Southern Strategy,” The American Conservative, December 30, 2002.
30. Conrad Black, The Invincible Quest: The Life of Richard Milhous Nixon (McClelland & Stewart, 2007), 647.
31. Ibid., 650.
32. Dean J. Kotlowski, “Richard Nixon and the Origins of Affirmative Action,” The Historian, March 22, 1998.
33. Taylor, 365–69.
34. Ibid., 368.
35. Ibid., 366.
36. Associated Press, “Reagan’s Margin Is 16,876,932 Votes,” New York Times, December 22, 1984.
37. “Orval Faubus Is Dead at 84; Governor Made History in ’57 Crisis,” Arkansas Democrat-Gazette (Little Rock), December 15, 1994.
38. Booknotes with Brian Lamb: No Surprises: Two Decades of Clinton Watching, by Paul Greenberg, July 7, 1996.
39. Chris Matthews, Hardball, MSNBC, March 29, 2010.
40. Mark Leibovich, “The Aria of Chris Matthews,” New York Times, April 13, 2008.
41. Keith Olbermann, Countdown, MSNBC, January 27, 2010.
42. Gustave Le Bon, The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind (Dover, 2002) (1895), 32.
43. The Rachel Maddow Show, MSNBC, September 21, 2009.
44. See Statemaster, Vermont, at http://www.statemaster.com/state/VT-vermont.
45. Mary Vespa, “Tom Wicker and Pam Hill: a Mixed-Media Marriage Changes Their Luck,” People, April 28, 1975.
46. Philip Weiss, “Fishing with Howell,” New York Magazine, May 8, 2006.
47. Tracy Jordan, “Guardian Angels Visit Poconos,” The Morning Call, August 14, 2006, at http://www.guardianangels.org/pdf/1529.pdf.
48. Le Bon, 33–34.
49. Paul Johnson, Modern Times: The World from the Twenties to the Nineties (Harper Perennial, 1992), 117.
ELEVEN. TIMOTHY McVEIGH IS NOW A TEA PARTIER
1. John Elvin, “Washington in Brief,” Insight, May 29, 1995.
2. See, e.g., James King, “Jared Loughner, Alleged Shooter in Gabrielle Giffords Attack, Described by Classmate as ‘Left-Wing Pothead,’ ” January 8, 2011, available at http://blogs.phoenixnewtimes.com/valleyfever/2011/01/
jared_loughner_alleged_shooter.php.
3. Paul Krugman, “Climate of Hate,” New York Times, January 9, 2011.
4. The O’Reilly Factor, November 4, 2010.
5. Dana Milbank, “Stop, You’re Killing Me,” Washington Post, November 10, 2010.
6. CNN Reliable Sources, November 14, 2010.
7. Keith Olbermann, Countdown, MSNBC, October 15, 2010.
8. The Rachel Maddow Show, MSNBC, November 24, 2009 (Howard Dean guest-hosting) (announcing “Fed” murder was actually a suicide); The Rachel Maddow Show, MSNBC, October 20, 2010 (admitting that Stockman received no “advance notice” of the Oklahoma City bombing) (The congressman, Representative Steve Stockman of Texas, had merely been faxed a note by a civic-minded individual about an hour after the bombing, telling him what was happening at the scene of the crime. See Jack Coleman, “Rachel Maddow at Most Shameless: Claims GOP Congressman ‘Received Advance Notice’ of Oklahoma City Bombing,” Newsbusters, October 19, 2010, available at http://www.newsbusters.org/blogs/jack-coleman/2010/10/19/rachel-maddow-most-shameless-claims-gop-congressman-received-advance-n#ixzz1FLTR46E6.)
9. Today, NBC, October 25, 2010.
10. Larissa MacFarquhar, “The Deflationist: How Paul Krugman Found Politics,” The New Yorker, March 1, 2010.
11. Mark Hemmingway, “Dem Congressman Who Called for GOP Gov. to Be Put Against a Wall and Shot Now Pleads for Civility,” Washington Examiner, January 11, 2011, available at http://washingtonexaminer.com/blogs/beltway-confidential/2011/01/dem-congressman-who-called-gop-gov-be-put-against-wall-and-shot-n?page=1&sms_ss=digg&at_xt=4d2ced89b6b1c52a%2C0.
12. Video available at http://www.thedailyshow.com/watch/wed-september-29-2010/indecision-2010—taliban-dan—boo-gate.
13. “Burning Effigies in Virginia Have Been Canceled,” The Pajama Pundit, November 17, 2009, available at http://www.thepajamapundit.com/2009/11/burning-effigies-in-virginia-have-been.html.
14. “Rep. Kratovil hung in effigy by health care protester UPDATE,” Politico, July 28, 2009.
15. Anthony Man, “Congresswoman’s Initials
on Target at Gun Range Prompts Republican Activist’s Resignation,” Sun Sentinel, October 23, 2009, available at http://weblogs.sun-sentinel.com/news/politics/broward/blog/2009/10/download_file.html.
16. Sean Hannity, interview with Sarah Palin, Fox News Network, January 17, 2011.
17. The Ed Show, MSNBC, January 10, 2011.
18. Sarah Wheaton, “A Tucson Victim Is Arrested at a TV Forum,” New York Times, January 15, 2011.
19. Jeff Poor, “Prostitute-Patronizing Democratic Wisconsin State Rep. to Female GOP Colleague: ‘You are f*cking dead,’ ” The Daily Caller, February 28, 2011.
20. Le Bon, 10–11.
21. Lydia Saad, “In 2010, Conservatives Still Outnumber Moderates, Liberals,” June 25, 2010, available at http://www.gallup.com/poll/141032/2010-conservatives-outnumber-moderates-liberals.aspx.
TWELVE. IMAGINARY VIOLENCE FROM THE RIGHT VS. ACTUAL VIOLENCE FROM THE LEFT
1. Toni Locy, “Tourist Tells How Shooter Was Tackled,” Washington Post, March 23, 1995.
2. See, e.g., Members of the U.S. Congress Who Have Died of Other Than Natural Causes While in Office, CRS Report for Congress, Updated March 13, 2002, available at http://www.scribd.com/doc/46521198/CRS-Congress-Deaths. (One congressman, Democrat John McPherson Pinckney, was killed in Hempstead, Texas, trying to break up a fight.)
3. Southern Poverty Law Center, Intelligence Report: Eco-Violence: The Record, Fall 2002, available at http://www.splcenter.org/get-informed/intelligence-report/browse-all-issues/2002/fall/from-push-to-shove/eco-violence-the-rec.
4. Michael Petrocelli, “Head of Radical Environmentalist Group Stays Silent at Hearing on Ecoterrorism,” Houston Chronicle, February 13, 2002.
5. Rita Cosby Live, MSNBC, March 28, 2006.
6. “Activists Protest Outside AIG Execs’ Homes,” USA Today, March 23, 2009.
7. Barbara Hollingsworth, “Group Targets Speaker Boehner’s (Small-h) House,” Washington Examiner, February 17, 2011, available at http://washingtonexaminer.com/blogs/beltway-confidential/2011/02/group-targets-speaker-boehner-s-small-h-house#ixzz1Fne1xpKS.
8. Mark Hemmingway, “Unions Protest Wal-Mart by Distributing Flyer of Developer’s Home Address with Crosshairs,” Washington Examiner, January 19, 2011, available at http://washingtonexaminer.com/blogs/beltway-confidential/2011/01/unions-protest-wal-mart-distributing-flyer-developers-home-address#ixzz1FngxWmRE.