Edward Wortley junior’s inoculation: Maitland 7-8; LMCL 1:391-94.
Experiences she could not replicate in London: official visit to the Hagia Sofia, bazaar and dervishes: LMCL 1:396-403. Sneaking into the Hagia Sofia: Halsband, Life 82-83; Grundy, LMWM 166. LM’s Arabian horses: LMCL 1:341. Glimpse of the Sultan: LMCL 1:323-34; Sultan’s titles: Mansel 8-9, 28. Emerald big as a turkey’s egg: LMCL 1:382; mother-of-pearl and emerald room: LMCL 1:414. Murdered woman: LMCL 1: 407-08. I am almost of the opinion . . . : LMCL 1: 415.
Rosebuds in Lily Skin
Dryden’s poem: “Upon the Death of Lord Hastings” (1649), in Dryden 1-3. Flowers blooming in January 1721: Grundy, LMWM 209. Wortley Montagu home in Covent Garden: Grundy, LMWM 182, 185-86.
Rift in the royal family, and the king’s love for his grandchildren: Hatton 206-10, 213-16; Van der Kiste, King George II 62-75. Princess Anne’s illness, and the king and the Princess of Wales meeting outside her sickchamber: Cowper 139-49; Sloane 517.
LM’s part in the South Sea bubble: Grundy, LMWM 203-209.
London’s smallpox epidemics of 1719-21, and the deaths of LM’s friends: Grundy, LMWM 209-210, Creighton 2:461-63; Social life ceasing: Applebee’s no. 1996, Saturday, March 4, 1721. Smallpox house in Swallow Street: Rose 18; Amyand, “List,” folio 3 (under Lord Bathurst’s servant). Young Mary’s nurse having previously refused inoculation: LMCL 1:392; Grundy, LMWM 162; Mary’s inoculation: Maitland 8-10; Grundy, LMWM 209-210.
Zabdiel and Jerusha
ZB’s early years: Mager; Peter Thacher; Winslow. Genealogies: Wyman; William Gray Brooks; The Booke of the Boylstones. Thomas Boylston as soldier: Bodge. Lack of Oxford degree: Foster. ZB nearly dying of smallpox in 1702: ZBHA 1; Sydenham’s protégé (Dr. Thomas Dover): Creighton 2:446, note 1; Dover 119-20. ZB’s shop: Mager 7-10; ZBHA 46-48. ZB’s interest in rattlesnake-bite remedies: Mager 184-86; Some Account 9. For the widespread British and colonial fascination with rattlesnakes and their bites, see Stearns, Science. ZB’s interest in ambergris: ZB, “Ambergris”; Mager 173-74.
Minots: Shattuck; Minot; Boston Marriages 7.
Curiosities of the Smallpox
Onesimus: CMD Dec. 16, 1706, 1: 579-80; March 20, 1716, 2:342; and July 31, 1716, 2:363 (slightly anachronistic). See also CMD 2:139, 222, 271-72, 282, 446, 456; and CMSL 213-14. “Dying like rotten sheep”: CMA 1-2.
The Middle Passage: Mannix, Huggins. Black slaves in New England: Greene, McManus, Wright. Olaudah Equiano: Equiano. Garamantes in classical literature: Lemprière’s Classical Dictionary.
CM’s life and character: Silverman. Letter to Dr. John Woodward, July 12, 1716: CMSL 213-14; further excerpts in Kittredge, “Some Lost Works” 422. (CM’s draft of this letter is in the Massachusetts Historical Society; a transcription of the fair copy sent to Woodward exists in BL, Sloane MS 3340.) Doing Good: Silverman 227-37; CMSL 87-92. Stutter: Silverman 15-17, 33-38, 48-49, 172-73. CM’s youthful study of medicine: CMAB iv; Beall and Shyrock 8-10; Silverman 21-22. CM’s family and domestic life, including relations with Onesimus: Silverman 261-75, 279-94. Katy Mather: Silverman 267-68, 269, 291-92.
Curiosa Americana and the Royal Society: Silverman 247-54, 260; CMSL 107-22; Stearns, Science 403-26. Articles in Philosophical Transactions: PTRS 29, no. 339 (April-June, 1714): 62-71 (CM), 72-82 (Timonius).
The Beauty of the Sea
Captain John Gore: Cooper, Sermon; obituary in BNL no. 876, Dec. 19-26, 1720; and Acts and Resolves 10:28; Thwing RCN 21801.
HMS Seahorse: documents in Britain’s Public Record Office: paybook: ADM 33/316; master’s log: ADM 52/482; Durell’s letters: ADM 1/1694; Durell’s passing certificate for lieutenant: ADM 107/2. Ship description and specifications: Lyon. Life in the eighteenth-century British navy, including health and medicine: Rodger, Marcus. Durell and trumpets: SSD 2:1018, (Aug. 1, 1724 and note). Durell biography: Fergusson.
Names of ships and their captains arriving in the convoy: BNL no. 896, May 1-8, 1721.
Captain Paxton’s letters to the Admiralty: PRO MS ADM 1/2277. Charles Paxton: Seahorse paybook, PRO MS ADM 33/316, no. 206. Deeds and possessions: Thwing RCN 48823 (Wentworth Paxton), 32739 (Faith Gillam or Gillum), and (22152) Benjamin Gillam.
Hector Bruce: Seahorse paybook, PRO MS ADM 33/316, no. 207; BG no. 97, Sept. 25-Oct. 2, 1721. Richard Kent: Seahorse paybook, PRO MS ADM 33/316, no. 208; Thwing RCN 41536.
Selectmen’s meeting and John Clark’s inspection of Seahorse: SM 81-82, and BTR 153-54. Spectacle Island and Boston’s quarantine laws: Blake 34-36.
ZB’s early career and family: Mager 1-27; Wyman. Sharp’s advertisement: BG no. 43, Oct. 3-7, 1720; no. 44, Oct. 10-17, 1720; no. 46, Oct. 24-31, 1720; no. 47, Oct. 31-Nov. 7, 1720, and no. 48, Nov. 7-14, 1720; BNL no. 865, Oct. 3-10, 1720, and no. 866, Oct. 10-17, 1720. Winslow’s advertisement, dated Oct. 14, 1720: BNL no. 873, Nov 28-Dec 5, 1720 (edited for ease of reading); with slight alterations (including a surgery date of July 28): BG no. 50, Nov 21-28, 1720, and no. 51, Nov. 28-Dec. 5, 1720. Sharp’s later whereabouts: BG no. 65, March 6-13, 1721. Winslow genealogy: Paige 71. Black slaves as physicians’ assistants: Greene 118-19. Jack as ZB’s slave: BG no. 85, July 10-17, 1721.
Boston history, politics, and topography: Bridenbaugh; Hutchinson, vol. 2; Perry Miller; Thwing, Crooked and Narrow Streets; Whitehill and Kennedy.
Caging the Monster
Town meeting, May 12, 1721: BTR 153-54. Payments to Captain Clark and his men: JHRM 3:75, 107-108, Acts and Resolves 10:105.
Selectmen’s meeting, May 12, 1721: SM 82. William Hutchinson: Thwing RCN 39747; Thomas Hutchinson 2:188. Lion in the South End: BG no. 70, April 10-17, 1721; no. 83, June 27-July 3, 1721. The Bunch of Grapes tavern and billiards: Bridenbaugh 265-66, 428-29, 436-37; Samuel Adams Drake, Elisha Cooke, and John Clark versus the governor: Thomas Hutchinson 2:174-96.
Seahorse: Discharged and dead sailors: paybook, PRO MS ADM 33/316; Ship’s movements and Boston weather: master’s log, PRO MS ADM 52/482; two sailors warned out of town: SM 86.
Door-to-door search of town: BNL, no. 898, May 15-22, 1721; street cleaning: SM 82-83; Smallpox aboard the captured pirate ship: Captain Durell’s letter to the Admiralty from Boston, June 27, 1721, PRO MS ADM 1/1694.
CM, Lydia, Lizzy, Creasy, smallpox, and the angels: Silverman 127-28, 173-86, 292-94, 307-40; CMD May 26 and 28, 1721, 2:620-21.
Thomas Newton obituary and report of eight people ill: BG no. 77, May 22-29, 1721.
Unnamed black man’s description of African inoculation: CMAB 107; CM’s “army of Africans”: “Sentiments on the Small Pox Inoculated,” printed anonymously at the end of Increase Mather, Several Reasons. WD’s “half a dozen or half a score Africans, by others called Negroe Slaves”: WD, Inoculation 6-7. Colman’s interview with a slave: Colman, Some Observations 15-16.
General Court adjourning to Cambridge: Hutchinson 2:189; Selectmen moving the school: SM 83; CM’s further dithering: CMD May 30, June 2 and 5, 1721, 2:622-24; Obadiah’s terror of smallpox: CMD June 6, 1721, 2:624; CM’s first letter to the physicians, June 6, 1721: excerpt quoted in Vindication 7-8 and Greenwood 5-6.
Demonic Wings
WD’s personality and attitudes: BNL no. 912, July 17-24, 1721; Bullock; “Douglass, William” in DAB; WDD throughout, especially 2, 5, 7-8; WDCC 164-71; “Douglass, William, M.D.” in James Thacher; Thwing RCN 24444; Stearns, Science 480-84; Kittredge, “Some Lost Works” 423-27. I have not been able to look at Muse. Eighteen days: WDCC 168; WDPE 9. Mockery of ZB on horseback: NEC no. 2, Aug. 7-14, 1721; Locking the books away: Some Account 10; ZBHA 3; CMA 9; Greenwood 9. Scottish accent (and a mocking view of WD in general): Greenwood. Smallpox studies: WDPE (management of smallpox cases, with special attention to cases of hemorrhagic smallpox in 1721 epidemic), WDD (mostly a rant against early inoculators); WDS (statistical reviews of 1721, 1730, and 1752 epidemics).
CM’s library: Silverman 262-63 (an earlier house), 289.
Boylston girls in Roxbury: ZBHA 16-17. Rebecca Abbot and Mary Lane: William Gray
Brooks 3, 9. Failing to get to Cambridge, due to Boston-Roxbury travel: ZBHA 23-24. Boys at home: ZBHA ii (where he refers to plural children), 1-3 (Tommy), 6-7 (John); Colman, Some Observations 3 (also referring to plural children). Indian attack on the Minot home: NEHGR 15 (1861): 267. This story’s truth has been questioned; whether or not it was true, it was certainly a widely told tale. The pirate Roberts: BNL no. 897, May 8-15, 1721.
CM’s smallpox treatise and second letter to the physicians: CMD June 22-23, 1721, 2:627-28. Copy sent to WD: Some Account 10.
Dr. John Perkins: CMD Aug. 7, 1711, 2:93; March 22, 1721, 2:609; April 5, 1721, 2:611; May 24, 1721, 2:620; June 21, 1721, 2:627; Mager 78; Silverman 246.
Fathers and Sons
ZB’s horses: ZB, letter to Benjamin Colman, Feb. 26, 1724/5; Hollis 533, 551; “Boylston, Dr. Zabdiel, FRS.” in James Thacher 1:191. The countryside he rides through: Thwing, Crooked and Narrow Streets; Whitehill and Kennedy. Hanging of Joseph Hanno or Hono: BG no. 74, May 1-8, 1721, and no. 77, May 22-29, 1721; BNL no. 899, May 22-29, 1721; CMD May 13, 1721, 2:618; May 25, 1721, 2:620; May 31, 1721, 2:623.
CM’s letter to ZB/the physicians: Peter Thacher 778. No copy of the original appears to have survived. CM’s treatise: CMAB. WD as “complete snarler”: Alexander Hamilton 116-17. Death “terrible in all its shapes”: ZBHA iii, 38.
Enslaved blacks in colonial Boston: Greene. ZB quoting black man on inoculation: Some Account 9; smallpox in Africa, and African inoculation practices: Herbert; Hopkins 164-80; WHO 233-35.
The sick woman in the shop: Vindication 8-9.
“Make hay while the sun shines”: WDCC July 28, 1721, 166-67. Seahorse firing her guns: master’s log, PRO MS ADM 52/482. Boston’s “crooked and narrow streets”: Thwing, Crooked and Narrow Streets 7-8. WD’s claim that ZB had not seen one case of natural small-pox: BNL no. 912, July 17-24, 1721. Colman’s defense of ZB: “Letter to the Reverend Mr.———of Boston,” July 25, 1721 (MS draft of letter to unnamed minister), printed in Fitz 327. A much-cut version of this letter was printed in BG no. 88, July 27-31, 1721.
Descriptions of inoculation and clamor in the streets: ZBHA Preface, 1-3, 42-50; BG no. 85, July 10-27, 1721; CMA 9-10, 15-18; CMD June 30, 1721, 2:628, and July 16, 1721, 2:632; Hutchinson 2:206; “Boylston, Dr. Zabdiel, FRS” in James Thacher 1:187-90 (incorporating Ward Nicholas Boylston’s account of the noose-bearing crowds). More of ZB’s thoughts: Some Account 8-17.
Tommy at the pump: Colman, Some Observations 3. Hamilton’s slave named Cotton Mather: HMS Seahorse paybook, PRO MS ADM 33/316, no. 266; CMD Dec. 10, 1721, 2:663.
Salutation Alley
ZB’s treatment of his son: ZBHA 2, 44-47. Tommy’s course through smallpox: Ricketts 1: 26-28, 43-50, and 64 (chart of a case of discrete smallpox without secondary fever).
Colman: Silverman 146-49, 151-56; Turell.
Salutation Inn, and other early Boston taverns: Samuel Adams Drake 45-46, 119; Thwing, Crooked and Narrow Streets; Bonner’s map of 1722. Cheever: ZBHA 5-6; Thwing RCN 15679. Stewart (variously spelled Steward and Stuart): Stewart; Thwing RCN 56280; NEC Aug 7-14, 1721, “To the Author of the New-England Courant” (Ben Franklin identified the anonymous writer as “Dr. Steward” on his own copy, now in the British Library).
BNL’s “pestilential contagion” issues: no. 910, July 6-10, 1721; no. 911, July 10-17, 1721. ZB’s letter to the Boston Gazette: BG no. 85; July 10-17, 1721.
Departure of HMS Seahorse: Master’s log, PRO MS ADM 52/482; paybook, PRO MS ADM 33/316, especially no. 207; Hector Bruce: letter from Durell to the Admiralty, 27 June 1721, PRO MS ADM 1/1694. Charles, infant son of Thomas and Ann Durell, was baptized on August 2, 1721, at King’s Chapel, then Boston’s lone Church of England establishment: RCB.
Inoculations of Helyer, Moll, John, Webbs: ZBHA 6-7. Helyer: Thwing RCN 39797. Joseph Webb: Thwing RCN 60405, Vinton 499.
CM: CMD, July 7-20, 1721, 2: 629-33.
Squabbles between the House of Representatives and Governor Shute: Hutchinson 2: 188-96; JHRM 3: 72-78. Governor’s proclamation: BNL no. 908, June 29-July 3, 1721.
Identities of early inoculees, and denizens of Salutation Alley: ZBHA, cross-referenced with entries in Thwing’s Inhabitants and Estates, and RCB. Webb/Adams clan: Vinton.
Prying Multitudes
Mary Wortley’s progress through inoculated smallpox: Maitland 9-10.
Physician witnesses of her inoculation, generally: Maitland 10; Stuart 36. Dr. James Keith (and the loss of his two elder sons): Maitland 11; Henderson 56-61, 141. Dr. Walter Harris (witness, and pock counter): Walter Harris, “De Inoculatione Variolarum” (for Mary’s twelve pocks, see page 45). An abridged translation appears in Increase Mather’s Some Further Account. Sir Hans Sloane: Sloane 516-17; de Beer 70, 74-77. Dr. Johann Georg Steigerthal: Miller, AIS 81, 84, note 54; Amyand, “List,” folio 2.
Social witnesses: Lord and Lady Townshend: Stuart 22-23; Grundy, LMWM 66, 91; Charlotte Tichborne and the duchess of Dorset: Grundy, LMWM 218; www.ihrinfo.ac.uk/office/caroline.html; LM and the Princess of Wales’s shared friends more generally: Grundy, “Medical Advance” 19.
Peter Keith’s inoculation: Maitland 11-12; “Persons Inoculated by Mr. Charles Maitland,” RSI, Part 2, folio 219.
Princess Caroline’s scarlet fever: The Weekly Journal: or, British Gazetteer, May 6, 1721, p. 1913; Applebee’s, May 13, 1721, p. 2057, qtd. in Miller, AIS 80.
Maneuvering toward the prison experiment: Maitland, folio A2v, Sloane 517; Grundy, LMWM 209-13. For further evidence, along with a different argument (supporting Sir Hans Sloane and the physicians, and more or less dismissing both LM and the Princess of Wales), see Miller, AIS 70-91. LM’s distrust of doctors: Stuart 35-36; Grundy, LMWM 217-18. Lord Townshend’s legal query and the answer: qtd. in Miller, AIS 75-6. See also Grundy, “Medical Advance” 20. Mehemet and Mustafa: Hatton 99-100.
Personal connections driving inoculation. See sources for “Signs and Wonders.”
An Infusion of Malignant Filth
WD: W. Philanthropos (i.e., WD), “To the Author of the Boston News Letter,” BNL no. 912, July 17-24, 1721; WDD; WD, Inoculation 7 (“There is not a Race of Men on Earth more False Lyars”); WD (anonymous, but later identified by Benjamin Franklin), “A Continuation of the History of Inoculation in Boston,” NEC no. 1, August 7, 1721 (unanimous agreement of selectmen).
ZB: ZBHA; Some Account 8-17 (for “lions in Africa,” “we are yet but learners,” inoculation “a great blessing to mankind,” “a mighty bustle,” and plague argument rebuttals including “excessively ridiculous.”)
Stewart: Stewart.
CM’s testimony (probably gleaned from ZB): CMA 10-14.
General contrasts between inoculated and natural smallpox: ZBHA; CMA; Colman, Some Observations.
Army of Africans: Increase Mather, Several Reasons (ZB and CM seemed to share many phrases and conversations on the subject). ZB wrote “a considerable number”: Some Account 9.
The Castle of Misery
Newgate’s history and description, and life inside its walls: Babington; Complete Newgate Calendar; Defoe, Moll Flanders (first published in January 1722; Defoe did time in Newgate and his descriptions of the prison in this novel are presumed to record personal experience).
Date of the selection and removal of the prisoners to the Press Yard: The Weekly Journal or Saturday’s Post, July 29, 1721, p. 832, qtd. and paraphrased in Miller, AIS 83. Prisoners’ names and ages: Maitland 21. Indictments and convictions: Mary North: Apple-bee’s, Saturday March 4, 1721, p. 1996; March 11, 1721, p. 2002. John Alcock: Applebee’s, Saturday, May 27, 1721, p.2069. Elizabeth Harrison: Applebee’s, April 22, 1721, p.2039. Ann Tompion as wife of Thomas Tompion: Grundy, LMWM 213, note 36; “Tompion, Thomas (1639-1713)” in the Dictionary of National Biography. Richard Evans having had smallpox in September 1720: Maitland 22.
The tale of the prisoners’ blood being drained: Dr. Matthias Ernest Boretius, retold (in translation) by Miller, AIS 84-85.
The “Castle of Misery
”: Babington.
Lizzy’s room, and the Press Yard more generally: closely modeled on descriptions by an anonymous Jacobite prisoner held there in 1715: The History of the Press Yard (London, 1717), qtd. in Babington 70-80.
Signs and Wonders
Individual inoculees: ZBHA; Thwing, Inhabitants and Estates; RCB. Personal connections driving inoculation: Grundy, “Medical Advance” 18-19, 26-28.
CM’s thoughts at the library window: CMD 2:633-4, July 21, 23, and 27, 1721. “Distress about Sammy” and secrecy: CMD 3:635-36, Aug. 1, 1721. Diary entries (and thoughts while writing in the diary): CMD 2:635-43, August 1-30, 1721.
WD’s newspaper writings: BNL, no. 912, July 17-24, 1721; NEC nos. 1-3, August 7, 14, and 21, 1721. He was shut out of issue no. 4, for August 28: Lemay, “Printer, 1657-1730,” 1721, 28 Aug. (a). Colman’s rebuttal: Colman, Letter to the Reverend Mr. ———of Boston, MS in the Countway Library of Medicine; printed in Fitz, 326-27 (signed by Colman alone); edited newspaper version: BG no. 88, July 27-31, 1721.
CM as manipulator: Silverman 254-60; his argument that inoculation was not only lawful, but a duty: Increase Mather, Several Reasons.
Ben Franklin: Franklin, Benjamin Franklin’s Memoirs 18-52 (34, for his thoughts about the pitfalls of being argumentative).
Defense of ZB by Cheever, Helyer, and the two Webbs: presumably BG no. 90, August 7-14, 1721. I’ve found no extant copy, but WD describes it in NEC no. 3, August 21, 1721.
NEC and James Franklin, BNL and John Campbell, BG and Philip Musgrave: Clark 77-140.
William Charnock: Shipton vol. 7, under “William Charnock”; Thwing RCN 15071 (for his father, John Charnock).