dreryhead, dryrihed sorrow, gloom, affliction
earne yearn
earst, erst formerly, recently, not long ago (cf. at earst)
eath(e) easily
edifide, edified built, constructed
eeke increase
eft moreover, further, afterwards, thereafter
eftsoones soon after, forthwith
eke also, too, moreover
eld(e) age
els otherwise, in other circumstances, else
embase humble, bring low, degrade, demean
embrew, embrue stain (esp. with blood)
empassion impassion, inflame
empassionate impassioned
emperished enfeebled, impaired
empierce, empierse pierce, penetrate
engrained dyed (in the grain)
ensample (vb) exemplify; (n) exemplar, example, instance
ensew, ensue follow, pursue
enure accustom
enured usual, customary
eyen, eyne eyes
faine (vb) wish; (adj) willing, eager; (adv) gladly, eagerly
faine, fayne, feyne feign, pretend, dissemble, delude, imagine
fained, fayned imagined, imaginary, false, delusive
faitor, faytour impostor, cheat
fancies fantasies
fantasies imaginings, delusions
fashion shape, mould
fay(e) faith
fell cruel, ruthless, fierce
fellie, felly fiercely, cruelly
felon, felonous wicked, mischievous
file defile
fit seizure, paroxysm
fon fool
fonde foolish
fondly, fonly foolishly
fondness foolishness
fone foes
for thy for this reason, therefore, on this account
forbeare leave off, discontinue
forlore, forlorne abandoned, forsaken, deserted, wretched
fraight, fraught laden, filled
frame (vb) fashion, compose, construct, tune (of a musical instrument); (n) structure, shape, form
franke free
fray frighten, intimidate
fro from
frorne frozen
froward adverse, unfavourable, contrary, refractory
funeral(l) (n) grave, monument; (adj) dismal, funereal
gage pledge
gaie, gay bright, brilliant, ostentatious, sportive, joyful
gan began
gang go
gastlie, ghastlie frightful, horrible
gate gait, bearing, carriage
geason uncommon, rare, extraordinary
gentle well-born, noble, elevated, well-bred, kind
ghost spirit, apparition
gin trap, snare (engine)
ginne, gynne begin
girland, gyrlond garland
greevance, grievance distress, injury, disease
grieslie, griesly (grisly) frightful, horrible, ghastly
guerdon reward
han have
hap fortune, chance
haplesse unfortunate
happely by chance, accidentally
happy fortunate
hardie, hardy bold, courageous, stout
hardie hedde, hardyhedde bold presumption, audacity
hardly with difficulty, scarcely
hartlesse timid, terrified, disheartened
haunt(en) frequent, live, dwell
haveour, haviour bearing, deportment, behaviour
heast, hest command, bidding, behest
heavily sadly, with heavy heart
heaviness(e) despondency, heaviness of heart, weariness
heavy sad, despondent
heben ebony
hem them
hend seize, grasp, take hold of (pret. hent)
her their
hew(e), hue appearance, beauty, sheen
hight, hote named, called
hire, hyre payment, recompense
hoarie, hoary grey
husband farmer, husbandman
impatient unbearable, intolerable, lacking patience, unable to endure
inly inwardly
jar (iar, iarre) quarrel, dispute, disagreement
javels (iavels) rascals, rogues
jolly (iolly) cheerful, sprightly, handsome, fine
joy (ioy) (vb) enjoy, rejoice
joyance (ioyance) pleasure, recreation
ken, kenst know, perceive, recognize
kind, kynd nature
kindly(e) (adj) natural, beneficent, according to one’s nature or ‘kind’; (adv) naturally
kon, con learn, know
lack want, need, fall short of
languor grief, distress, affliction
launch (vb) pierce, cut open; (n) piercing, cutting
lay(e) song, ditty
laye, lea, lee pastureland, grassland, meadow
leasing, lesing lie, falsehood
lere learn
lewd ignorant, artless, base, wanton
lewdly ignorantly, stupidly
liefe dear
liefest dearest
lig, ligge(n) lie
light (adj) wanton, fickle, capricious, facile; (adv) quickly, lightly
list, lyst desire, wish, choose
lorne lost, forlorne, left alone, forsaken
losel(l) scoundrel, good-for-nothing, rogue
lust wish (list)
lustihede, lusty head lustfulness, delight
madding frantic, frenzied
mard, marred spoiled, torn, damaged
maske(n) (vb) dance or act in a masque, wear a masque-like disguise; (n) masque, pageant
mate consort, spouse
maugre, maulgre despite, in spite of
mazed amazed, bewildered, dazed
mazefull bewildering
meade meadow
meane lowly, moderate, humble
meare (vb) mark the boundary or border; (n) boundary
measure rhythm, metre
meate food
medle mingle
meed(e) reward, payment
meet(e) suitable, fitting, proper
mickle, mochell much
mischance misfortune, calamity
misdeeme mistake, think evil of
misgovernaunce mishandling, misuse, mismanagement
mishap misfortune
moe more
molde, moulde soil, clay, earth
moniment memorial, monument, record
morion helmet
mote might, must
mought may, might (occasionally confused with mote, must)
nathelesse, naythles, nethelesse nevertheless, notwithstanding
nathemore never the more, none the more
ne not, nor
newfanglenesse modish novelty (esp. sartorial)
nie near
nigheth approaches, nears
nighing approaching
nill will not
nis, nys is not
note know not
nould would not
noursling, nursling child, charge, offspring
noyous noisome, vexatious, annoying
outrage grievous injury
outragious violent, frenzied, excessive
outworne worn out, worn away
overgo surpass, overcome, outdo
overgone surpassed
pain(e) difficulty, affliction, care
paragone equal, rival, analogy, exemplar, nonpareil
pass surpass, excel
passing surpassing, excelling
paynims pagans
peare, pere peer, equal, companion, lord
peerless(e) matchless, unrivalled, without equal
perdie (French par dieu) surely, truly, indeed
perforce, perforse of necessity, by force
pight fixed, planted, placed, pitched
pine, pyne (vb) languish, waste away, fret; (n) affliction, distress, pain
pineons, pyneons wings
plain(e) complain, lament,
bewail
plaint complaint, lamentation
pleasaunce pleasure, delight, pleasant aspect or demeanour
plight state, condition, pledge
policie intrigue, statecraft
pray prey
prayd ravaged, spoiled
preeve, prove test, make trial of, experience, endure
preife, prief(e) proof, experience, trial
previly, privily secretly, stealthily
price prize, reward, value, worth
pricke spur
prime spring
prive, privie secret, private
proof(e) test, trial, ordeal
puissance power
puissant potent, powerful
quight, quite utterly, wholly, completely, entirely
quite, quitt(en) redeem, release, discharge, repay
race, rase raze, destroy, erase, obliterate
raced razed, destroyed
rancke lush, abundant, prolific, fecund
rare excellent, rarified, fine
raught reached, proffered
reade, rede, reede advise, account, declare, interpret, discover, comprehend, predict (of fortune)
record (vb) recollect, bear in mind, relate, sing; (n) memorial, document
recure cure, remedy, restore, recover
reft taken or torn away, carried off
regard glance, look, aspect
regardfull noteworthy, worthy of regard
rehearse recite, recount, perform
rend tear or break apart
renne run
renowmed renowned, celebrated
rent torn asunder
requite repay
rew, rue pity, lament, grieve for
rewth, ruth pity, compassion, sorrow
ribaudrie ribaldry
rife plentiful, abundant
rifelye abundantly, copiously
rive, ryve split, break apart
riven split, sundered
rude rustic, unskilful
rudely discourteously, ignorantly, roughly
rudeness(e) rusticity, lack of (literary) refinement, vulgarity
ruthfully dolefully, piteously
.s. namely, E. K.’s abbreviation for the Latin scilicet
sable black
sad (adj) serious, sober, solemn, melancholy, wearisome; (adv) mournfully, despondently
salvage savage, wild, untamed
salve remedy, cure
satietie satisfaction, gratification
sdeign disdain
sdeignfull, sdeinfull disdainful
seare, sere withered
seely, silly innocent, harmless, helpless, simple
semblant appearance, likeness, resemblance
shade shadow
sheene shining, resplendent
shend disgrace, put to shame
shield forbid (as in ‘God shield’)
shrike shriek
shrill (vb) sound or sing shrilly
shriving confession
shrouded concealed
sich, sike such
sicker, syker (adj) secure, certain; (adv) truly, certainly, indeed, at any rate
signe mark, token, emblem
sith since
sithence, sithens since, since then
sits, sittes is fitting, becoming, or proper
skill (vb) understand, comprehend; (n) art, craft, knowledge, ability
slake abate, assuage
slight sleight, trickery, dexterity
smart pain, suffering, affliction, grief
solein, sollein sullen, sad, brooding
somedele somewhat
somewhile at some time
soote sweet
sovenance remembrance
sperst dispersed
spill destroy, ruin, ravage, spoil
spoyle (vb) despoil, plunder, devastate; (n) devastation, destruction, plunder
sprent sprinkled
spright, sprite spirit
stayed steady, fixed, halted, detained
stead(e), stede place
sterve starve, die, perish
stie ascend, mount
still constantly, perpetually, continuously
store abundance, plenty, wealth, stock
stounde, stownd moment of pain or trial, fit, shock, pang, stroke
stoure, stowre distress, turmoil, (emotional) crisis, fit, onslaught
straight, strayt, streight (adj) strait, strict, tight, severe; (adv) immediately, straightaway, tightly
strange foreign, exotic
surcease desist, forbear, cease
surquedrie arrogance, presumption, pride
survew(e) survey, overlook
swaine, swayne man, boy, rustic, servant, labourer
swerve stray, deviate
swink labour, struggle
teade torch
teene grief, woe
temper govern, control, moderate, balance
thilk, thilke this or that, these or those
tho, thoe then, those
thrall (vb) enslave; (n) slave
threat affliction, misery
thrill pierce, excite
throghly, throughly fully, thoroughly, wholly
timely (adj) seasonable, opportune, welcome, early; (adv) opportunely, quickly
tine, tyne sorrow, affliction
tort(e) injury, wrong
toy(e) trifle, whim, amorous sport
trace walk, tread, dance
traine, trayne snare, trap, deceit, sleight
traveiled, traveled travailed, wearied, troubled, laboured
travel travail, labour
treason trickery, treachery
tride, tried attempted, experienced, ascertained, tested
tromp, trump trumpet (emblematic of fame)
trophee spoils, memorials of victory
trow(e) believe
trustlesse untrustworthy, treacherous
tway two
tyde tied, bound
tynde set alight, burned (tinded)
tyne grief, affliction
tyre attire
uncase strip, unclothe
undersong refrain, burden
uneth, un(n) eath, unnethes scarcely, with difficulty, hardly
unfold(e) disclose, discover, reveal
unhappie unfortunate
unkend, unkent unknown
unkind(e) unnatural, villainous
unkindly unnatural
unmeet unfitting, unsuitable
unstayed, unstayd uncontrolled, unrestrained, unsupported
unwares (adj) unaware, unwitting; (adv) unintentionally, without warning, suddenly
unweeting unwitting, uncomprehending, unaware
vassal slave
vaunt boast, exult
vaunted celebrated, esteemed
vauntfull boastful
vaute, vawte (vb) vault, leap (on a vaulting horse); (n) vault
vauted vaulted
visnomie, visnomy physiognomy
vouchsafe deign, grant
want (vb) lack, miss; (n) lack, absence
wanton frolicsome, unruly, skittish, lewd
warbling melodious, tuneful
ward (vb) protect, guard, avert; (n) vigilance
wast (vb) decay, dissolve; (n) devastation
wasted decayed, exhausted, spent, devastated
wasteful wasting, desolating, desolate, barren
wayment (vb) lament; (n) lamentation, complaint
ween(e), wene think, believe, suppose
weet(e) know
weetingly knowingly, skilfully
welaway, wellaway alas!
weld wield, govern, manage, brandish
welked waned, dimmed
welkin sky, heavens
well-deemed well-regarded
wend go, travel, make one’s way
wex(e), wexen grow, increase, become
whilome once upon a time, in the past, in former times
whot(e) hot
wight creature, being, person
&nbs
p; wishfull desired, longed for
wist knew
wit intellect, understanding
wite(n), wyte(n) blame, impugn, censure
witless(e) senseless, stupid
wood(e) mad, frantic, reckless, wild
wonne, woon (vb) live, dwell; (n) home, dwelling
wont accustomed (to)
wonted usual, customary
wot(e) know
woxe grew, grown
woxen grown
wreake (vb) wreak vengeance upon, avenge; (n) harm, injury, damage
wreck ruin, overthrow, disaster
y- archaic prefix denoting past tense
yclad clothed
ycond learned
yead, yede go
yfere together, in company
ygirt girdled
ygoe ago, gone
ylike like, alike, similar, identical
ylke the same
yode went
younkers youngsters, young men
ypent penned in, imprisoned
ytost troubled, harassed
TEXTUAL APPARATUS
The text for the present edition has been established by systematically correcting that of Ernest de Sélincourt (Oxford University Press, 1910) against the first and subsequent Elizabethan and Jacobean editions of all of the works included. As a result it differs substantially from that of de Sélincourt in rejecting many of the emendations he adopted. De Sélincourt’s text was used for the convenience of type-setting in view of the poor condition of many of the extant quartos and of their modern facsimiles. It was chosen for its general level of accuracy and its careful preservation of Tudor orthography in respect, for example, of the usage of ‘u’ and ‘v’, and of ‘i’ and ‘j’ although the modern ‘s’ has been substituted for the older form and all contractions have been expanded. This is consistent with the practice adopted by Thomas P. Roche for the Penguin edition of The Faerie Queene (1978). Readings from first editions have been favoured wherever they offer clear and coherent sense, but the erratic nature of the earliest punctuation, particularly in the case of the Amoretti, has often necessitated correction from the folios. The textual apparatus records all variants from the first editions, all substantial variations between corrected and uncorrected sheets of such editions, and all variations from de Sélincourt other than minor variations of orthography or reversals of emendations which lack textual authority. The textual apparatus is therefore intended to be functional rather than exhaustive, and readers are directed to the Variorum Edition (vols. 7 and 8), The Minor Poems, for full textual information. The following abbreviations for the various collected editions are used throughout the textual notes:
F1
Works, first folio, 1611
F2
Works, second folio, 1617
F3
Works, third folio, 1679
F
agreement of folio editions
Hu1
Hughes edition, 1715
Hu2
Hughes edition, 1750