14. Cookridge, Sky, p.7.

  15. Binney, Secret, p.204.

  16. Hawes and White, Resistance, p.44.

  17. NA: HS 9/1240/3.

  18. Hawes and White, Resistance, p.44.

  19. Buckmaster, Alone, p.157.

  20. NA: HS 9/1240/3.

  21. Buckmaster, Alone, pp.157–8.

  22. Ibid., p.158.

  23. NA: HS 9/1240/3.

  24. Buckmaster, Alone, p.158.

  25. NA: HS 9/1204/3.

  26. Bailey, Forgotten, p.189.

  27. NA: HS 9/1204/3.

  28. Bailey, Forgotten, pp.189–90.

  29. NA: HS 9/1240/3.

  30. NA: HS 8/370.

  Chapter 18: Fighting with Hedgehogs

    1. Pawle, Secret, p.130.

    2. Macrae, Toyshop, p.137.

    3. Pawle, Secret, p.131.

    4. David Owen, Anti-Submarine Warfare, Seaforth Publishing, 2007, p.145.

    5. Pawle, Secret, p.138.

    6. John A. Williamson, Antisubmarine Warrior in the Pacific, University of Alabama Press, 2005, pp.145, 110.

    7. Ibid., p.82.

    8. The account of this attack is drawn from ibid., chapter 9. See also http://www.ussengland.org for diaries, logbooks and interviews with survivors.

    9. S.E. Morison, History of United States Naval Operations in World War II, vol. 8, New Guinea and the Marianas, Little, Brown, 1948, p.231.

  10. Williamson, Antisubmarine, p.145.

  11. Macrae, Toyshop, p.194.

  Chapter 19: Operation Gubbins

    1. Charles Hambro, Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2009.

    2. Wilkinson, Foreign Fields, p.213.

    3. Astley and Wilkinson, Gubbins, p.192.

    4. Ibid.

    5. Ibid., pp.168–9, 189.

    6. Ibid., pp.176, 193, 173.

    7. Tommy Macpherson with Richard Bath, Behind Enemy Lines, Mainstream Publishing, 2010, p.117.

    8. Macpherson Carlton TV interview, IWM: 23256.

    9. Astley and Wilkinson, Gubbins, pp.175, 155.

  10. Macpherson, Enemy, p.119.

  11. IWM: Documents 12674.

  12. Denis Rigden (ed.), SOE Syllabus, PRO, 2001, p.367.

  13. O.A. Brown, IWM: Documents 12674.

  14. Harry Verlander, My War in SOE, Independent Books, 2010, p.55.

  15. Macpherson, Enemy, p.123. Bourbon’s story is also told in Robert Hall, ‘Allied “Bandits” Behind Enemy Lines’, 5 June 2006: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/8085383.stm

  16. IWM: Documents 12674.

  17. Macpherson, Enemy, p.125.

  18. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/8085383.stm

  19. IWM: Documents 12618.

  20. Macpherson, Enemy, pp.130–31.

  21. IWM: Documents 12674.

  22. Macpherson, Enemy, pp.132–3.

  23. Miller, Behind, p.152.

  24. Macpherson Carlton TV interview, IWM: 23256.

  25. Macpherson, Enemy, p.139.

  26. Miller, Behind, p.153.

  27. Macpherson, Enemy, p.139.

  28. Miller, Behind, p.153.

  29. Lammerding report to General Commander, 58th Panzer Corps, in Hastings, Das Reich, p.145.

  30. Macpherson Carlton TV interview, IWM: 23256.

  31. Astley and Wilkinson, Gubbins, pp.193–4.

  32. IWM: Documents 12618, SHAEF report into Special Operations Executive’s work, June 1944. Eisenhower’s report, Special Operations Executive’s work, June 1944; Lord Mountbatten, personal letter to Colin Gubbins; Hugh Dalton, personal letter to Colin Gubbins; King George VI, letter to Colin Gubbins; note by Colin Gubbins; Edward Grigg, Minister Resident in the Middle East, personal letter.

  Epilogue

    1. Macrae, Toyshop, p.210.

    2. CC: Macrae diary, MCRA 4.

    3. Macrae, Toyshop, p.211.

    4. Ibid., p.212.

    5. Ibid.

    6. Astley and Wilkinson, Gubbins, p.224.

    7. Brandon and Elliot-Bateman, Fourth Dimension, p.45.

    8. Wilkinson, Foreign Fields, p.213.

    9. Astley and Wilkinson, Gubbins, p.217.

  10. Lord Selborne, personal letter, in ibid., pp.232–3.

  11. Wilkinson, Foreign Fields, p.213.

  12. Astley and Wilkinson, Gubbins, p.235.

  13. Eric Sykes’s SOE file, NA: HS 9/1434.

  14. William Donovan’s assessment in Fairbairn’s SOE file, NA: HS 9/495/7.

  15. CP: Jefferis to Lord Lindemann, 1945, K165/3.

  16. Interview with John Jefferis, 5 December 2014.

  17. The Times, 7 September 1963.

  18. George Rheam’s ‘Report on Sabotage’, NA: HS 8/3705.

  19. Bedford Museum unpublished interview with John Vandepeer Clarke, 23 April 2004.

  20. Interview with Mrs Ann Clarke, 17 December 2014.

  21. Obituary of Joan Bright Astley, Independent, 28 January 2009.

  22. Astley and Wilkinson, Gubbins, p.213.

  23. Ibid., p.243.

  Bibliography

  Please note that some of the links referenced in this work are no longer active.

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  Cecil Vandepeer Clarke Family Papers

  Cherwell Papers, Nuffield College, University of Oxford

  Churchill Archives Centre, Cambridge

  Imperial War Museum, London

  Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives, Kings College, London

  Millis Jefferis Family Papers

  National Archives, Kew, London

  Royal United Services Institute

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  Appleyard, John Geoffrey, Geoffrey, Blandford Press, 1946

  Ash, Bernard, Norway 1940, Cassell, 1964

  Astley, Joan Bright, The Inner Circle: A View of War at the Top, Hutchinson, 1971

  ____ and Wilkinson, Peter, Gubbins and SOE, Pen & Sword, 1993

  Bailey, Roderick, Forgotten Voices of the Secret War, Ebury Press, 2008

  Beevor, J.G., SOE: Recollections and Reflections, Bodley Head, 1981

  Binney, Marcus, Secret War Heroes: The Men of Special Operations Executive, Hodder & Stoughton, 2005

  Blacker, Barnaby, The Adventures and Inventions of Stewart Blacker: Soldier, Aviator, Weapons Inventor, Pen & Sword, 2006

  Brandon, S.G. and Elliot-Bateman, M. (eds.), The Fourth Dimension of Warfare, Manchester University Press, 1970

  Buckmaster, Maurice, They Fought Alone, Odhams Press, 1968

  Bunker, Stephen, The Spy Capital of Britain: Bedfordshire’s Secret War, Bedford Chronicle Press, 2007

  Burton, Sir Richard Francis, Wanderings in West Africa, Tinsley Brothers, 1863

  Butler, Ewan, Amateur Agent, Harrap, 1963

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  Clarke, Comer, England Under Hitler, New English Library, 1972

  Connell, John, The House by Herod’s Gate, Sampson Low, Marston, 1947

  Cookridge, E.H., They Came from the Sky, Heinemann, 1965

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  Dalton, Hugh, Fateful Years, Frederick Muller, 1957

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  Dear, Ian, Sabotage and Subversion, Cassell, 1996

  Dederichs, Mario, The Face of Evil, Greenhill Books, 2006

  Delaforce, Patrick, Churchill’s Secret Weapons, Robert Hale, 1998

  Derry, T.K., The Campaign in Norway, Imperi
al War Museum, 1995

  Dilks, David (ed,), The Diaries of Sir Alexander Cadogan 1938–1945, Cassell, 1971

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  Dorril, Stephen, MI6, Fourth Estate, 2000

  Edgerton, David, Britain’s War Machine, Allen Lane, 2011

  Everitt, Chris and Middlebrook, Martin, The Bomber Command War Diaries, Pen & Sword, 2014

  Fairbairn, W.E., All-In Fighting, Faber & Faber, 1942

  Feiling, Keith, The Life of Neville Chamberlain, Macmillan, 1946

  Fleming, Peter, Invasion 1940, Rupert Hart-Davis, 1957

  Foot, M.R.D., Special Operations Executive, Pimlico, 1999

  ____, SOE in France, Routledge, 2004

  Gubbins, Colin, The Art of Guerrilla Warfare, Ministry of Information, 1939

  ____, The Partisan Leaders’ Handbook, Ministry of Information, 1939

  Hamilton-Hill, Donald, SOE Assignment, William Kimber, 1973

  Harris, Robert and Paxman, Jeremy, A Higher Form of Killing, Random House, 1982

  Harrison, David, Para-Military Training in Scotland, Land, Sea and Islands Visitor Centre, 2001

  Hastings, Max, Das Reich, Michael Joseph, 1981

  Haukelid, Knut, Skis Against the Atom, North American Heritage Press, 1989

  Hawes, Stephen and White, Ralph, Resistance in Europe, Viking, 1975

  Horvitz, Leslie and Catherwood, Christopher, Encyclopedia of War Crimes and Genocide, Facts on File, 2006

  Ismay, Hastings, The Memoirs of General the Lord Ismay, Heinemann, 1960

  Jefferis, John, The Life and Times of Millis Jefferis (privately published memoir)

  Jefferis, Millis, How to Use High Explosives, Ministry of Information, 1939

  Johnson, Brian, The Secret War, BBC Books, 1979

  Keene, Tom, The Lost Band of Brothers, History Press, 2015

  Kemp, Peter, No Colours or Crest, Cassell, 1958

  Kersaudy, François, Norway 1940, HarperCollins, 1990

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  Langley, Mike, Anders Lassen, New English Library, 1988

  Lankford, Nelson, The Last American Aristocrat, Little, Brown, 1996

  Lassen, Suzanne, Anders Lassen VC, Frederick Muller, 1965

  Lett, Brian, Ian Fleming and SOE’s Operation Postmaster, Pen & Sword, 2012

  MacDonald, Callum, The Killing of SS Obergruppenführer Reinhard Heydrich, Macmillan, 1989

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  ____, Something Ventured, Granada, 1982

  Index

  The index that appeared in the print version of this title does not match the pages in your eBook. Please use the search function on your eReading device to search for terms of interest. For your reference, the terms that appear in the print index are listed below.

  Abraham, Edward

  Abrahams, Sir Arthur

  Aero-Switch (explosive device)

  Afrika Korps

  A-Go, Operation (Japanese)

  Alamein, El

  Albania

  Alleyn, Clodagh

  Angier, Norman

  Appleyard, Geoffrey

  Arisaig, Scotland

  Armchair Science (magazine)

  Armstrong, Joan

  Asopos viaduct, Greece

  Astley, Colonel Philip

  Aston House, Hertfordshire

  atomic bomb

  Attlee, Clement: and German invasion of Norway

  Auxiliary Units (anti-invasion guerrillas)

  Aviemore training school

  Baker, Arthur (‘Pop’)

  Baker Street: SOE established in; Gubbins works at; staff expansion; Gubbins appointed to head; closed down at war’s end

&nbsp
; Balkans: sabotage in; Donovan’s interest in

  Barnes, Tom

  Barry, Major Hugh

  Basalt, Operation

  Beattie, Captain Stephen, VC

  Beaumont-Nesbitt, Brigadier Frederick

  Beddington-Behrens, Edward

  Beehive (sabotage weapons)

  Belgium: Germans invade

  Belgrade

  Beneš, Eduard

  Bernhardt, Roger

  Bevin, Ernest

  Beyts, Colonel Bill

  Bidgood, Sergeant

  Bingham, Phyllis

  biological warfare

  Blacker, Stewart

  Blacker Bombard

  Bletchley Park: receives Enigma machine; secrecy

  Bodø, Norway

  Bohemia and Moravia see Czechoslovakia

  Boon and Porter (engineering firm)

  Boosey and Hawkes (musical instrument-makers)

  Borah, Senator William

  Bordeaux: harbour attacked

  Bourbon, Michel (Prince Michel de Bourbon-Parma)

  Bourdillon, Sir Bernard

  Bower, Robert

  Brickendonbury Manor: wartime use; returned to civilian use

  Bridle, Mr (of the Firs)

  Bright, Joan (later Bright Astley): recruited; on Gubbins; lives abroad; on Jefferis; and recruitment of guerrillas; and Gubbins’s mission to Poland; moves to War Office at outbreak of war; relations with Macrae; and campaign in Norway; learns of invasion of Low Countries; assists in relocating MI(R)c to Portland Place; on Frank Nelson; leaves Gubbins’s service; attends Gubbins’s party; as secretary to Ismay; on Dodds-Parker; on Gorgopotamos operation; and Gubbins’s dislike of criticism from senior officers; on Portal; welcomes Gubbins’s appointment as head of Baker Street; and death of Gubbins’s son; on Air Ministry obstructiveness; on Gubbins’s Jedburgh teams; on Jedburgh teams in Far East; achievements; marriage and death; at Special Forces Club