Mansera, Marquis de, dies at age of 107: 101
Mantegna, Andrea (1431–1506), 39
Marbre, Cour de, Versailles, 32, 65, 68
Maréchal de Bièvre, Georges (1658–1736), King’s chief surgeon in succession to Félix, 101, 102; examines bodies of Duc and Duchesse de Bourgogne, 162; death of Louis XIV and, 166, 167
Margaret Theresa, Empress, daughter of Philip IV of Spain (half-sister of Marie-Thérèse, Queen of Louis XIV), wife of Leopold I, 71
Maria Ana of Neuburg, second wife of Charles II of Spain, 122, 137
Marie-Adelaide of Savoy, see Bourgogne, Marie-Adelaide, Duchesse de
Marie-Anne de Bourbon, see Conti, Marie-Anne, Princesse de
Marie-Anne-Christine-Victoire, Princess of Bavaria, see Victoire, Princess of Bavaria
Marie-Antoinette (1755–93), Queen of Louis XVI, 33, 68, 134
Marie de Médici (1573–1642), Queen of of Henri IV, 23, 73
Marie Leczinka (1703–68), Queen of Louis XV, 32
Marie-Louise d’Orléans (1662–80), first Queen of Charles II of Spain, daughter of Monsieur and Henrietta of England, 112, 122, 137
Marie-Louise-Gabrielle of Savoy (1688–1714), first Queen of Philip V of Spain, granddaughter of Monsieur and Henrietta of England, 35, 138, 161
Marie-Thérèse of Spain (1638–83), Queen of Louis XIV, 10, 71, 76–7, 86, 122, 138, 139; and the Queen Mother, 14; goes with the King to the front, 27, 30; tries to assert herself, 33; liking for baths, 36; and La Vallière, 37; love of gambling, 40; at Versailles, 46, 67f; at the siege of Ghent, 50; and Mme de Montespan, 44; and Mme de Maintenon, 77; death, 77, 127
Marlborough, John Churchill, 1st Duke of (1650–1722), 126, 145, 146, 151
Marly, King’s house at, 22, 23, 40f, 86, 126, 135, 142, 145, 150, 158, 159, 161, 166, 167
Marseilles, soap for Versailles made at, 36
Martinique, d’Aubigné family taken to, 80
Martinozzi, Laura (1735–87), niece of Mazarin, mother of Mary of Modena, 125
Mary II (1662–94), Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland from 1689, 123, 131
Mary of Modena (1658–1718), second Queen of James II (m. 1673), 84, 103, 112, 125, 129; and Mme de Maintenon, 144
Mascaron, Jules de (1634–1703), Bishop of Tulle (1671), of Agin (1679), 155
Massillon, Jean-Baptiste (1663–1742), 155
Maubeuge (Nord), 155
Maulévrier, François-Edouard Colbert, Marquis de (1675–1706), 147
Maximilian II (1679–1726), Elector of Bavaria, 71; son’s claim to Spanish throne, 129, 131; and son’s death, 131
Mazarin, Jules (1602–61), Cardinal 1641: 9, 10, 14, 18, 31, 33, 42, 56, 84, 87, 125, 138
Les Mazarins (diamonds), 18 measles, deaths from, 161–2
Meaux (district of Paris), 23, 119, 120
medical faculty, 100–5
Mediterranean trade, 129
Melun (district of Paris), 33
ménagerie, Versailles, 135
Menin (Belgium), 155
Mesmes, Jean-Antoine III de (1661–1723), Premier Président du Parlement de Paris, 167
Meudon (district of Paris), 87, 126, 157–8, 159
Mexico, 122
Middleton, Charles Middleton, 2nd Earl of (d. 1719), 126
Mignard, Pierre (1610–95), 80
Milan, 129, 136
Le Misanthrope (Molière), 93
Mistresses of Louis XIV, see Doré, Mlle; Fontanges, Mlle de; La Vallière, Mme de; Ludres, Mme de; Montespan, Mme de; Oeillets, Mlle des; Soubise, Princesse de; Thianges, Mme de
Modena, Italy, 125; Duchess of, see Martinozzi, Laura; Mary of, see Mary of Modena
mole-catchers (Liard family), 25
Molière, Jean-Baptiste Poquelin, called (1622–73), 15, 84, 93, 100, 101
Molinism, 118
Mongrédien, Georges Adolphe Marcel (1901–), 61
Monmouth, James Scott, Duke of (1649–85), 86
Mons lost by the French (1709), 155
Monseigneur, see Louis (1661–1711)
Monsieur, see d’Orléans, Philippe I, Duc
Monsieur le Comte, see Soissons, Comte de
Monsieur le Duc, see Bourbon, Louis III de Condé, Duc de
Montargis (Loire), 133
Montauban, Mlle de, 130
Montausier, Charles de Sainte-Maure, Marquis, later Duc de (1610–90), governor to the Dauphin (1668–79), 42
Montchevreuil, Mme de, 95, 132
Montespan, Françoise-Athénais de Mortemart, Marquise de (1641–1707), 141; attracts the King’s attention, 15, 36; her cook, 25; comes to court (1660), 26, 27; gains the King’s love, 27f, 39; chooses Mme Scarron to take charge of her children by the King, 29; birth of Duc de Maine, 29; accompanies the King and Queen to the front, 30; her family, 30–1; and the second ‘Madame’, 35; her character, 37; and Mme de Maintenon, 42f, 44f, 47–51, 75, 81–2; and Bossuet, 45; Mme de Sevigné on, 46; goes to the siege of Ghent, 50; and Mlle de Fontanges, 51–2; and the poisons scandal, 56, 57, 59–62; at Versailles, 67; turned out of her Versailles flat, 82; her daughters, 87f, 90; her sons, 90; visits Saint-Cyr school, 108; and Esther, 110ff; at sixty, 132; grief at the death of Monsieur, 141; death, 150; for her brothers, see Mortemart et de Vivonne, Duc de; for her sisters, Fontevrault, Mme de; Thianges, Marquise de
Montespan, Louis-Henri de Pardaillon de Gondrin, Marquis de (d. 1701), 26, 28, 78; death, 132
Montpensier, Anne-Marie Louise d’Orléans, Duchesse de (1627–93), called La Grande Mademoiselle, 89
Moro, Antonio (c. 1512–c. 1575), 39
Morocco: Marie-Anne, Princesse de Conti, sought in marriage by the King of, 86, 122
Mortemart, Gabriel de Rochechouart, Duc de (1600–71), father of Mme de Montespan), 30
Mortemart, Duc de (nephew of Mme de Montespan), 94
Mortemart et de Vivonne, Louis-Victor de Rochechouart (1636–88), Maréchal de France 1675 (brother of Mme de Montespan), 26, 30f
Mortemarts, the, 26–31, 87
Mouthiers, family of cooks, 25
Le Moyen Court de Faire l’Oraison (Mme Guyon), 118
Munich, 72
Nangis, Louis Armand de Brichanteau, Marquis de (1682–1742), Maréchal de France (1741), 147, 152
Nanon, see Balbien
Nantes, Revocation of the Edict of (1685), 54, 85, 95f, 97f, 109, 136
Naples, 136
Napoleon I (1769–1821), Emperor of the French (1804–15), 33, 165; his liking for reversi, 40
Napoleon II (Napoléon François Joseph Charles, 1811–32, Duc of Reichstadt), 33
Navy, manning the French, 20
Neerwinder (Belgium), Battle of (1693), 84
Netherlands, Spanish, see Spanish Netherlands
Nevers, Philippe-Julien Mancini, Duc de (1641–1707), 31, 43, 46
Nevers, Diane-Gabrielle Damas, Duchesse de, 31, 46
Newfoundland awarded to England (1713), 165
New World, see America
Nice, 165
Nimeguen, Peace of (1679), 17
Nivernais, Louis-Jules Mancini Mazarini, Duc de (1716–98), 130
Noailles, Adrien-Maurice, 3rd Duc de (1678–1766), Maréchal de France, 93, 129
Noailles, Anne-Jules, Duc de (1650–1729), Maréchal de France, 51, 81, 93, 129
Noailles, Françoise d’Aubigné, Duchesse de, 93
Noailles, Louis-Antoine de (1651–1729), Archbishop of Paris (1695), Cardinal (1700), 95, 119, 164, 168
Nobles’ Wing, Versailles, 64f
Normandy, 9, 45
Norway, 20
Notre-Dame, Paris: priest gives warning of confessions to murder by poison, 54
Nottingham, Tallart a prisoner at, 150
Nova Scotia awarded to England (1713), 165
‘nursery garden’, Madame’s household as the, 26, 51
Observatory, Paris, 20f
Oeillets, Mlle des, maid to Mme de Montespan and mistress of the King, 47, 56, 61
Old Pretender, see James Francis Edward Stuart
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Orange, William of, see William III of Orange
Orangery, Versailles, 9, 10, 13, 32
orange trees in tubs, Versailles, 126
Oratorians, 97
Orléans (Loiret), 126
d’Orléans, Elisabeth Charlotte (Liselotte) of the Palatinate (1652–1722), Duchesse de, m. Philippe I, Duc d’Orléans, 1671, the second Madame: 124, 126, 127, 128, 130, 134; character and way of life, 34–6, 64, 71, 72, 75, 77, 79, 86, 92, 144; on the Duchesse de Bourbon, 88; her son’s marriage, 90; hatred of Fagon, 103; the death of Monsieur, 141–2; Mme de Maintenon arranges for her to stay at Versailles, 142; disapproval of the Duchesse de Burgogne, 146; and the Dauphin’s death, 158; and the deaths of the Bourgognes, 162; brought back into the Versailles circle, 163
d’Orléans, Henrietta of England (1644–70), Duchesse, m. Philippe I, Duc d’Orléans, 1661, the first Madame: 133, 134, 155; Louis XIV’s flirtation with, 15; death, 34, 53; and Louis XIV, 38; her ghost appears to the Dauphin, 92
d’Orléans, Françoise-Marie de Bourbon (1677–1749) (Mlle de Blois), youngest daughter of Mme de Montespan and the King, Duchesse, m. Philippe II, Duc d’Orléans (1692), 48, 50, 90, 108, 132, 140, 158, 163, 168
d’Orléans, Philippe I, Duc (1640–1701), Monsieur: 112, 122, 124, 129; and the ‘Italian vice’, 31; Louis XIV devoted to him, 33; character, appearance, family, habits, 33, 44; his wives, 34f; at Versailles, 45f, 67; involved in Paris underworld, 59; his son’s marriage, 90; dinner party at Saint-Cloud, 130–1; and the Duchesse de Bourgogne, 133, 134; quarrel with the King, and death, 140–2
d’Orléans, Philippe II, Duc de Chartres et (1674–1723), Regent of France from 1715: 35, 98, 130, 166, 167; at Marly, 41, 86; marriage, 90; becomes Duc d’Orléans, 140–1; and Dauphin’s death, 158–9, 169; suspected of poisoning the Bourgognes, 162; Louis XIV appoints him to govern the realm for his great-grandson Louis XV, 169
d’Ormesson, André II Lefèvre (1644–84), magistrate, 56
Ormonde, James Butler, 2nd Duke of (1665–1745), French ambassador takes town house of, 130
Oudenarde, Battle of (1708), 151, 157, 160
Packmore, Major, 127
Palais, Royal, Paris, 33
Palatinate: atrocities in the, 22; coat of arms, 83
Papal States: Hocca forbidden in, 40, 164
Paris: Louis XIV’s care for, 11: Observatory, 21; Hôtel Lambert, 22, 23; Tuileries Palace, 23, 93; water for, 25; Mme de Montespan granted deed of separation by Parlement of, 28; Duc de Mortemart made governor of, 30; Palais Cardinal (Palais Royal), 33; Hocca forbidden, 40; Soubise house, 47f; La Reynie as chief of police, 54f; poisoning in, 53–62; Dauphin visits the opera, 70, 86; Cardinal de Noailles, Archbishop of, 95, 168; convent of Port-Royal, 98; Racine’s home, 110; members of the Parlement at Saint-Cyr, 111; Portland’s embassy, 124 et seqq.; fireworks for birth of Duc de Bourgogne’s son, 145; Duchesse de Bourgogne visits Les Halles, 146; Berri and the Paris Parlement, 147; Place Vendôme, 151; bread riots in, 154; and measles epidemic, 162
Partition Treaties: First (Treaty of Loo: 1698), 131, 136; Second (1700), 136
Pascal, Blaise (1623–62), quoted, 166
Paston, Lord, 124
Perrault, Charles (1628–1703), quoted, 9
Peterborough, Charles Mordaunt, 3rd Earl of (1658–1735), 164
Petre (or Peters), Father Edward (1631–99), confessor of James II, 76
Philip II (1527–98), King of Spain from 1556, 138
Philip IV (1605–65), King of Spain from 1621, 71, 122
Philip V (1683–1746), Duc d’Anjou, King of Spain from 1700, 20, 41, 83, 146, 166; birth, 78; Fénelon becomes his tutor, 115; claimant of the Spanish crown, 122, 129; left everything by Charles II of Spain, 137–8; introduced to the French court as King of Spain, 138; and his reign, 138–9; war of the Spanish Succession and, 145, 155–6, 164; his character, 149–50; chooses Spain on death of his elder brother, 162; confirmed on the Spanish throne, 164, 165
Pignerol, Fortress of (Turin, Italy: French 1630–96), 10
Plaisirs de l’lle Enchantée, fête, 1664: 12
Plato (c. 429–c. 347 BC): translated by Mme de Fontevrault, 31
Poisons scandal, 1670–82, 53–62
Poitiers (Vienne), 24; Diane de, see Diane de Poitiers
Poland, 89, 164
Polignac, Melchior de (1661–1742), Cardinal (1712), 147
Polignac, Vicomtesse de: involved in poisons scandal, 56, 58
Polignac, Monsieur, 83
Pompadour, Jeanne Antoinette Poisson, Marquise et Duchesse de (1721–64), 15, 69
Pomponne, Simon Arnauld, Marquis de (1618–99), 21f
Pope, see Innocent XI; Innocent XII; Clement XI
Portland, Hans William Bentinck, 1st Earl of (1649–1709), 66, 145; Embassy to France, 123–31; retires into private life, 131
Port-Royal, convent of, Paris, 98
Port-Royal des Champs, near Versailles, convent of, 98, 110, 117, 142, 153
Poulaillon, Mme de: involved in poisons scandal, 55f, 57
Poussin, Nicolas (1594–1665), 22, 39, 71
Princes of the blood, 64, 67, 84
La Princesse de Cleves (Mme de Lafayette: 1678), 147
The Princesses: Marie-Anne, Princesse de Conti; Louise-Françoise, Duchesse de Bourbon; and Françoise-Marie. Duchesse d’Orléans
Prior, Matthew (1664–1721), 124
Protestants: atrocities against and persecution of, 22, 53, 96–8; protected by La Reynie, 54
Prussia, 96
Pyrenees, 48, 138
Quatre Nations, Collège des, 23
Queen’s staircase, Versailles, 32, 75–82, 158, 169
Quietism, 117–21
Raby, Lord, see Strafford, Earl of
Racine, Jean (1739–99): quoted, 26, 59, 106, 107, 108, 145; La Thébaide, 93; illness of his daughter Fanchon, 101; in favour at court, 109; a Jansenist at heart, 110; Esther, 110, 111–12; Athalie, 114; death, 142; Madame, 110
Rambouillet (district of Paris), Château de, seat of the Comte de Toulouse, 133
Ramillies, Battle of (1706), 76, 145, 152
Rancé, Armand Jean Le Bouthillier de (1626–1700), Abbé de la Trappe, 39, 95, 133
Regent, the, see d’Orléans, Philippe II, Duc
Reni, Guido (1595–1642), 39
reversi, a favourite game of Louis XIV, 40
Revolution, see French Revolution
Rheims (Marne), 18
Rhine river, 16, 20, 66
Richelieu, Armand Jean du Plessis, Duc de (1585–1642), Cardinal (1622), 22, 103
Richelieu, Armand Jean de Vigneron du Plessis, Duc de Fronsac et de (1629–1715), 80
Richelieu, Marquis et Marquise: involved in poisons scandal, 56
Rigaud, Hyacinthe (1659–1743), 133
Rivarol (Antoine Rivaoli, called the Count of: 1753–1801), quoted, 70
Rochechouarts, the, 31
Roche-Guyon, Mme de La, 27
Rohan, Armand Gaston Maximilien de (1674–1749), Cardinal (1712), 48, 168
Rohan family, 47
Rome: ancient, 17, 24; Church of, 118, 120; city of, 13, 22, 130, 147
Roquelaure, Antoine Gaston Jean Baptiste, Duc de (1656–1738), Maréchal de France (1724), 86
Rouen, Archbishop of, 21
Roure, Comtesse du: involved in poisons scandal, 56; Monsieur du, 83
Royaumont (district of Paris), 126
Rubens, Peter Paul (1577–1640), 39
Rueil (-Malmaison, District of Paris), 106, 116, 121
Ryswick, Peace of (1697), 123, 143, 144
Saint-Abré, Monsieur de, and his son, 66
Saint-Aignan, Duc de, 93; Hôtel de, Paris, 94, 118
St Albans, Charles Beauclerk, Duke of (1670–1726), 124
Saint-Cloud, Château de (district of Paris), 12, 23, 33f, 44, 126, 130–1, 134, 141, 142
Saint-Cyr (district of Paris), 9, 106; school at, 106–13; turned into convent, 114–21; Quietism at, 117–21; Duchesse de Bourgogne attends, 135–6; rationin
g in hard winter of 1709, 154; Mme de Maintenon leaves Versailles for, 169
Saint-Denis (district of Paris), 26, 162; Abbey of, 107
Saint-Esprit, Order of the, 90, 137, 149
Saint-Eustache, Paris, the Duchess of Bourgogne at, 146
Saint-Georges, Chevalier de; pseudonym for James Francis Edward Stuart (q.v.)
Saint-Germain-en-Layer (District of Paris), Château of, 9, 13, 23, 37, 50, 59, 125, 155; M. de Montespan with horns on his coach drives to, 28; James II at, 123, 143, 144
St James’s Palace, London, 97
St James’s Square, London, 130
Saint-Jean-de-Luz (Basses Pyrenées), Louis XIV fetches Marie-Thérèse from, 71
Saint Joseph, Convent of, 71
Saint-Simon, Louis de Rouvroy, Duc de (1675–1755), 35, 38, 40, 90, 94, 132, 148, 150, 158, 159, 167–8; arrival at court, 98; and Mme Guyon, 118; takes Rigaud to La Trappe, 133
Saint-Sulpice, Paris, 93
sanitation at Versailles, 36
Sapieha of Lithuania, Prince, 89
Satan aids Mme de Montespan, 15, 27, 45; see also Devil
Satory, heights of, near Versailles, 32
Savoy, Anne Marie (1669–1728), Duchess of, 35; Victor Amadeus II (1666–1732), Duke of, 129, 133, 134; changes sides, 145, 164; regains Savoy, 165
Saxony, Elector of, see Augustus II
Scarron, Paul (1610–60), 80, 81, 107; for Mme Scarron, see Maintenon, Marquise de
Sceaux, Château de, near Paris, 23, 89
sedan chairs at Versailles, 64
Séguier, Pierre (1588–1672), 11, 22, 127
Seignelay, Jean-Baptiste Colbert, Marquis de (1651–90), 21; Marquise de (née d’Aligre), 21
Seine river, frozen over (1698), 125; and (1709), 153
Sens (Yonne), Archbishop of, uncle of M. de Montespan, 28
Sevigné, Marie de Rabutin Chantal, Marquise de (1626–96), 28, 29f, 81, 86, 93; Clagny, 30; on the Duc de Nevers, 31; on Marie Thérèse, 33; quoted, 46; life at Versailles, 45f, 47f, 54; on the Princesse de Conti, 84; supports persecution of Protestants, 95; attends performance of Esther, 112
Sèvres (district of Paris), mob stopped at (1709), 154
Siam, Catholic mission to, 96
‘Sibyls’, the nickname for poisoners and fortune-tellers, 58
Sicily, 136