75 influenza epidemic: The most severe outbreak of influenza in modern times, the epidemic of 1918 claimed 20 million lives worldwide, including approximately 550,000 in the United States.
76 Treasure Island: Immensely popular Robert Louis Stevenson novel, published in 1883. It presents the adventures of Jim Hawkins in search of treasure aboard the Hispaniola. A mutiny led by Long John Silver is eventually overcome by Jim and his friends, the treasure is secured, and Jim returns to England.
77 Atlantis: Legendary island mentioned in two of Plato's dialogues. Atlantis was swallowed up by the ocean after its inhabitants became wicked.
77 Incas: A Native American people centered in Peru and dominant in South America between 1100 and the Spanish conquest of the continent in the sixteenth century.
78 Parthenon: Temple of the Greek goddess Athena, located in Athens on the Acropolis. The temple was constructed in the mid-fifth century B.C.
79 Junius' Encyclopedia: Perhaps a reference to the Etymologicum Anglicanum (English Etymology), composed by Franciscus Junius the Younger. It stimulated interest in Old English. The reference here may refer simply to a set of encyclopedias owned by Junius Maltby.
82 Carthaginians: Inhabitants of Carthage, one of the greatest cities of antiquity. Carthage, a trading center, was located on the North African coast, near the present-day city of Tunis.
84 Gallic wars: Military campaigns between 58 and 50 B.C. in which the Roman emperor Julius Caesar conquered Gaul, or modern-day France.
84 Trafalgar. At the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805, Admiral Nelson's British ships defeated Napoleon's fleet. Trafalgar is on the Atlantic coast of Spain, just north of the Strait of Gibraltar.
88 Hengest and Horsa: Brothers who were leaders of the first Anglo-Saxon settlers of Great Britain between A.D. 446 and 454.
88 Gato Amarillo: Spanish for "yellow cat."
89 auto-da-fe: Punishment administered by the Inquisition (religious trials in Spain between 1478 and 1834), usually burning at the stake for heretics.
90 Guinevere: Wife of King Arthur and lover of Sir Lancelot in the Arthurian legends; her affair with Lancelot precipitates the destruction of Camelot.
90 Bastille: The storming in 1789 of the Bastille, a medieval fortress in Paris used as a prison, marked the beginning of the French Revolution.
91 Lacedaemonians: More commonly "Spartans," a people known for their stoicism and skill at warfare. Thermopylae is a narrow mountain pass in Greece where the Spartans held off the greatly superior Persian force for several days before being killed to the last man. Thermopylae has since been associated with heroic valor in the face of great odds.
102 hombre fuerte: Spanish for "strong man."
102 General Vallejo: A soldier, born in Monterey in 1808, who protected northern California from Russian expansion and Indian raids. He was also instrumental in establishing a California independent from Mexico in 1836.
123 Vasquez: A famous highwayman in Monterey county, Tiburcio Vasquez (1835-1875) was captured in Los Angeles in 1874 and executed for murder in San Jose the following year.
131 Leviathan: A reference to the sea monster in the Old Testament (Psalms 74:14). The word has come to designate anything of a large, monstrous size.
150 Millet's "Angelus": A painting by the French artist Jean-Francois Millet (1814--1875) depicting a peasant couple praying in a field in response to the churchbells announcing the prayer of "The Angelus."
150 Elaine: In Arthurian legend, her love for Sir Lancelot is platonic and pure, as opposed to Guinevere's sensual and adulterous desires. Elaine dies from her ardor for Lancelot, and her body is transported to Camelot, where her tale is told to King Arthur.
169 Aztecs: A Native-American civilization in Mexico, the Aztecs were conquered by the Spanish conquistador Hemando Cor-tes in 1519.
173 the Michelangelo David: Michelangelo's most famous sculpture, completed in 1504, depicts the biblical hero David with a sling over his left shoulder, presumably preparing to face Goliath.
174 Herodotus ... Xenophon ... Thucydides: Greek historians. The History of Herodotus (ca. 484-420 B.C.), the first account of the ancient world, provides the details of the Greco-Persian wars. The works of Xenophon (ca. 431-352 B.C.) provide insight into the culture of ancient Greece; his Anabasis covers the march of Greek soldiers from Sardis to Babylon. Thucydides (died ca. 401 B.C.) is best known for his History of the Peloponnesian War, an account of the conflict between the city-states of Athens and Sparta.
185 Georgics: Virgil's (37-29 B.C.) poem is remarkable for its practical instruction into agricultural practices and agrarian virtues.
185 Varro on farming: Marcus Terentius Varro (116-27 B.C.) was a Roman author whose work was intended to promote the greatness of Rome. His essays cover agriculture, rural life, and animal husbandry.
186 Rochester lamps: Kerosene-burning lamps popular in the 1880s and 1890s, with a pear-shaped glass cylinder that protected the flame from drafts.
198 Seventeen Mile Drive: Scenic drive along the Monterey peninsula, along which lies Pebble Beach.
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John Steinbeck, The Pastures of Heaven
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