Cunningham, Andrew. “Operations in Connection with the Landing in the Gulf of Salerno on 9th September, 1943.” London Gazette, Apr. 28, 1950: supplement.
Downs, Kenneth T. “Nothing Stopped the Timberwolves.” Saturday Evening Post, Aug. 17, 1946: 20+.
Dunavan, Clair Panosian. “The Drug That Helped Win the War.” Los Angeles Times Book Review, Apr. 11, 2004: R5.
Ezard, John. “Error Led to Bombing of Monte Cassino.” Guardian, Apr. 4, 2000: 5.
Gallup, George. “Public Would Bomb Religious Buildings.” New York Times, Apr. 19, 1944.
Gozzer, Tito Vittorio. “Towards Rome with the Allies.” Il Tempo, May 29–June 4, 1984: 3.
Johnson, Thomas M. “The Army’s Fightingest Outfit Comes Home.” St. Louis Post-Dispatch, Nov. 5, 1944.
Kluckhohn, Frank L. “‘Attack, Attack Again’ Is Alexander’s Motto.” New York Times Magazine, Aug. 8, 1943: 20+.
Levy, Claudia. “Pulitzer-Winning WWII Cartoonist Bill Mauldin Dies.” Washington Post, Jan. 23, 2003: B6.
Matthews, Herbert L. “We Test a Plan for Governing Sicily.” New York Times Magazine, Aug. 22, 1943: 3+.
Mecklin, John M. “Former Actor Sings Aria as He Fulfills Sicily War Mission.” United Press, New York World-Telegram, Aug. 9, 1943.
Middleton, Drew. “The Battle Saga of a Tough Outfit.” New York Times, Apr. 8, 1945: 8+.
Murray, William. “Naples: Variations on a Neapolitan Air.” New York Times, Nov. 19, 2000. “Navy Honors D.C. Officer, Weather Expert.” Washington Post, Dec. 7, 1943: B9.
Norris, John G. “Cassino Abbey Attack Order Laid to Briton.” Washington Post, Sept. 4, 1949, 1.
Peeples, Berneta. “Requiem.” Belton (Tex.) Journal, Dec. 16, 1993.
“Peter Tompkins, author.” Obituary. Washington Post, Feb. 1, 2007: B6.
Peterman, Ivan H. “Peterman Discloses Story of Lost Rangers at Anzio Beachhead.” Philadelphia Inquirer, Apr. 15, 1944: 1.
———. “U.S.S. Savannah.” Philadelphia Inquirer, series, Sept. 1943.
“Queen Mary.” New York Times. Apr. 2004, Cunard Line advertising supplement: ZM1.
Reston, James B. “Churchill’s Cigars.” New York Times Magazine, Oct. 17, 1943: 37+.
Reynolds, Catharine. “Modern Comforts, Ancient Sites.” New York Times, Sept. 3, 2000.
Saxson, Wolfgang. “N. A. Jewell Is Dead at 90.” New York Times, Aug. 26, 2004: A13.
Schudel, Matt. “Frederick C. Branch Was 1st Black Officer in U.S. Marine Corps.” Washington Post, Apr. 13, 2005: B6.
Sherwood, Seth. “In an Ancient Desert, a Modern Oasis Beckons.” New York Times, Jan. 23, 2005.
Simeti, Mary Taylor. “Totally Immersed in Sicily.” New York Times, March 2, 1997.
Sulzberger, C. L. “Life and Death of an American Bomber.” New York Times Magazine, July 16, 1944: 5+.
Taylor, Henry J. “The Patton Story: He Slapped, He Raged, He Sobbed in Anger.” Cincinnati Post, Feb. 28, 1947: 26.
Tutt, Bob. “Young Officer Was Father Figure.” Houston Chronicle, Feb. 6, 1994: 28A.
“U.S. Study Pinpoints Near-Misses.” New York Times, July 31, 2005: 8.
“Who’s Afraid of Vesuvius?” New York Times, Aug. 26, 2003.
Wilson, P. W. “The Appian Road to Rome.” New York Times Magazine, Oct. 17, 1943: 34.
Zielinski, Graeme. “Capt. Richard Steere, 92; Meteorologist for Patton.” Washington Post, March 22, 2001: B6.
I also draw extensively on issues of the Washington Post, Washington Evening Star, and New York Times for May 1943, during the TRIDENT conference; and from issues of the Columbus (Ohio) Dispatch during June 1944.
PAPERS, LETTERS, COLLECTIONS, PERSONAL NARRATIVES, AND DIARIES
The Citadel Archives and Museum, Charleston, S.C.: Mark W. Clark Papers
Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library, Abilene, Kans.: Harry C. Butcher Papers; Norman D. Cota Papers; Dwight D. Eisenhower Papers; Alfred M. Gruenther Papers; C. D. Jackson Papers; Thomas W. Mattingly Collection; Arthur S. Nevins Papers; Lauris Norstad Papers; George S. Patton file; Charles W. Ryder Papers; Walter Bedell Smith Papers; Barbara Wyden Papers
45th Infantry Division Museum, Oklahoma City, personal narratives: William Russell Criss; Harry W. Dobbyn; John Embry; George A. Fisher; Robert Barry Hutchins; Allen Jaynes; William H. Whitman; Kenneth D. Williamson
Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library, Hyde Park, N.Y.: Anna Roosevelt Boettiger Papers; Stephen T. Early Papers; Harry L. Hopkins Papers; Verne Newton Collection; Franklin D. Roosevelt Papers; Henry A. Wallace diary, on microfilm
George C. Marshall Foundation Research Library, Lexington, Va.: George C. Marshall Papers; Katherine Tupper Marshall Papers; Frank McCarthy Collection; Lucian K. Truscott, Jr., Papers; Reginald Winn Collection
Hoover Institution Archives, Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif.: Robert H. Adleman Papers; Norman Lee Baldwin Papers; Robert D. Burhans Papers; Don E. Carleton Papers; Ernest J. Dawley Papers; Robert T. Frederick Papers; George F. Hall Papers; John P. McKnight Papers; Walter J. Muller Papers; Robert D. Murphy Papers; Chester G. Starr Papers; Fred L. Walker Papers
Imperial War Museum, London: Gilbert Allnutt, “A Fusilier Remembers Italy” D.R.E.R. Bateman Papers; A.A.C.W. Brown, “364 Days Service” O. Carpenter, diary; Nev Coates, “From the London Blitz to the Champs Elysses” R. H. Day, “We Landed at Nightfall” C. R. Eke, “A Game of Soldiers” C. T. Framp, “The Littlest Victory” Charles Gairdner, diary; Adrian Clements Gore, “This Was the Way It Was” I. G. Greenlees, “Memoirs of an Anglo-Italian” Hans Paul Joachim Liebschner, “Iron Cross Roads” Bernard L. Montgomery Papers; K. G. Oakley, “Sicily, 1943” Lavinia Orde, “Better Late Than Never” J. H. Parker-Jones, “My War” J. E. Porter Papers; R. Priestly, “Volunteers” G.B.B. Richey Papers; P. Royle, narrative; B. Smith, “Waltonia” K. Shirley Smith diary; L. Stevenson, diary; H.A.J. Stiebel, “Over the Next Hill” R. C. Taylor, “Seven Sunrays” G. E. Thurbon, “Capture of Pantelleria” J.B. Tomlinson, “Under the Banner of the Battleaxe” J. K. Windeatt, “Very Ordinary Soldier”
Library of Congress, Manuscript Division, Washington, D.C.: Wallace Carroll Papers; H. Kent Hewitt Papers; Curtis LeMay Papers; George S. Patton Papers; Theodore Roosevelt, Jr., Papers; Carl A. Spaatz Papers
Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives, King’s College, London: William Ernest Victor Abraham, “Time Off for War” Lord Alanbrooke Papers; C. W. Allfrey Collection; Ernest Henry Clarke, “Reminiscences” R. Close-Brooks, “Anzio Beach-head” James Scott Elliott Papers; H. M. Gale war diary; John Howson, memoir; B. H. Liddell Hart Collection; Sidney Chevalier Kirkman Papers; John Alec McKee Papers; John Nelson, “Always a Grenadier” William R. C. Penney Papers; Digby Raeburn, “Some Recollections of a Scots Guardsman” Dudley Russell Papers; Aidan Mark Sprot, memoir; Philip L. E. Wood Papers
McCormick Research Center, First Division Museum, Cantigny, Ill.: Clift Andrus, notes on A Soldier’s Story; Joseph T. Dawson Collection; John P. Downing, “No Promotion” Stanhope Brasfield Mason, “Reminiscences and Anecdotes of World War II”
Miscellany: Loyd J. Biss, materials on U.S.S. Samuel Chase provided to author; John M. Brooks, letter to author, Oct. 19, 2003; Paul W. Brown, letters to author, Oct. 4, 2003, and Jan. 19, 2004; Harold Burson, letter to author, Jan. 2, 2003; Robert E. Coffin, memoir, author’s possession; Jerry Countess, memoir, author’s possession; J. W. Crawford, Jr., letter to author, Jan. 29, 2003; Warren Davis, letter to author, March 3, 2004; Clifford W. Dorman, “Too Soon for Heroes,” author’s possession; Christopher Dunphie, letter to author, Jan. 29, 2004; Graham Erdwurm, letters to author, 2003–04; R.L.V. ffrench Blake, letter to author, July 27, 2003; G. L. Hanssen, The Hanssens of Eastern Iowa, author’s possession; Donald V. Helgeson, letter to author, July 25 and Oct. 8, 2003; William Russell Hinckley, diary, author’s possession; Fred Howard, letter to author, Oct. 2003; Geoffrey Keyes, diary, author’s possession; James E. Lalley, letter to author, May 15, 2003; D. H. Leatham, letter to author,
Jan. 30, 2003; Sanford H. Margalith, letter to author, Apr. 22, 2005; Joseph Edgar Martin, “Memoir of World War II,” author’s possession; Frank Mills, memoir, “Well Dressed at Cassino,” author’s possession; George Henry Revelle, Jr., letters, author’s possession; Robert A. Riesman, letter to author, Sept. 10, 2002; David Roberts, e-mail to author, May 23, 2003; Heinz Seltmann, letter to author, June 9, 2005; R. C. Taylor, letter to author, Aug. 11, 2003; Joanne Speranza Walker, e-mail to author, Jan. 11, 2003; Aubrey L. Williams, letter to author, June 9, 2004
National Archive, Rew, UK: Harold R.L.G. Alexander Papers; Francis Tuker, letters to C.J.C. Molony; J.F.M. Whiteley, letters to John N. Kennedy
Naval Historical Center, Washington, D.C.: H. Kent Hewitt Papers; Samuel Eliot Morison Papers Combat Narratives: Mitchell Jamieson; John McFadzean; Curtis Shears
Texas Military Forces Museum, Austin, personal narratives: Edie Douglas Adkins; Michael B. Anderson; Nicholas M. Bozic; William D. Broderick; Richard M. Burrage; Russell J. Darkes; R. K. Doughty; James M. Estepp; Edward R. Feagins; Newton H. Fulbright; John D. Goode; Glendower O. Haedge; John Hartman; Harold G. Horning; LeRoy R. Houtson; Armand G. Jones; George Kerrigan; Wayne Kirby; Amil Kohutek; Herbert E. MacCombie; Julian “Dunie” Philips; Hal Reese; Lem Vannatta; Alan Williamson; Jack W. Wilson
U.S. Army Military History Institute, Carlisle, Pa.: Terry de la Mesa Allen Papers, Robert W. Black Papers; Clay and Joan Blair Collection; William S. Biddle Papers; Theodore J. Conway Papers; Raymond H. Croll Papers; Donald E. Currier Papers; Ralph P. Eaton Papers; James M. Gavin Papers; Chester B. Hansen Papers; Ernest N. Harmon Papers; Hamilton H. Howze Papers; David Irving Collection; Kenyon Joyce Papers; Walter T. Kerwin, Jr., Papers; John P. Lucas Papers; Sidney T. Matthews Papers; Malcolm S. McLean Papers; Frank J. McSherry Papers; Arthur S. Nevins Papers; Henry C. Newton Papers; Matthew B. Ridgway Papers; John E. Sloan Papers; Albert C. Wedemeyer Papers; Robert J. Wood Papers
Diaries and personal narratives contained in MHI Army Service Experiences Questionnaire:
1st Armored Division (Dexter F. Arnold; Maurice R. P. Bechard; Robert Bond; Mitchell E. Chafin; Carmene J. DeFelice; George C. Harper; Ralph H. Hempel; Robert J. Loe; James Bernard Mahon; Robert M. Marsh; John H. Mayo; Arthur Robert Moore; Gustav A. Mueller; Raymond Saidel; James Scott Stapel)
1st Infantry Division (William T. Dillon; William E. Faust; Donald V. Helgeson; Harland W. Hendrick; Clarence B. Kling; George J. Koch; Jarvis Burns Moore; Quinton F. Reams; Kimball Richmond; Henry C. Rowland; Paul L. Skogsberg)
3rd Infantry Division (Jon Clayton; Russell W. Cloer)
36th Infantry Division (Russell Bodeen; Warner Wisian)
45th Infantry Division (Franci Accavallo; Ben C. Garbowski; Wayne M. Harris; Elmer W. Horton; Robert B. Hutchins; F. Eugene Liggett; Norman Maffei; Frederick T. McCue; Robert L. Moses; Louis G. Oberkramer; Richard Pisciotta; Frank E. Tinsch)
U.S. Military Academy Special Collections, West Point, N.Y.: Pietro Badoglio, letters; Bernard Shirley Carter, letters; Garrison H. Davidson Papers; John F. Davis Papers; Benjamin A. Dickson Papers; John Erbes Papers; Henry E. Gardiner Papers; Hobart Gay, diary; Will Lang, notebooks; Audie Leon Murphy Papers.
Yale University Library, New Haven, Conn.: Mina Curtiss Collection
AUTHOR INTERVIEWS
Martin Blumenson; Harold Burson; Silvano Casaldi; Russell W. Cloer; J. W. Crawford; Arthur L. Funk; Andrew J. Goodpaster; Paul F. Gorman; Douglas Gould; Michael Howard; Walter Kerwin, Jr.; D. H. Leathem; Arthur Lehrman; Henry Gerard Phillips; Richard A. Williams; James M. Wilson, Jr.
Interviewed by Antonio Ali Winston for author: Homer Bishop; Lou Fiset; Richard Griffin; George Pickett
INTERVIEW AND ORAL HISTORY TRANSCRIPTS
Columbia University, Oral History Research Office, N.Y.: Mark W. Clark; Alfred Gruenther; H. Kent Hewitt; Arthur S. Nevins
Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library, Abilene, Kans.: Charles L. Bolte; Dwight D. Eisenhower; LeRoy Lutes; Lauris Norstad
Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library, Hyde Park, N.Y.: Ian Jacob
George C. Marshall Library, Lexington, Va.: Forrest C. Pogue interviews: Field Marshal Viscount Alanbrooke; Mark W. Clark; Jacob L. Devers
Miscellany: Hermann Balck, Battelle Columbus Laboratories, at U.S. Army War College
National Archives, College Park, Md.: OCMH interview, “Cassino to the Alps,” RG 319: H. Adamson; Edward M. Almond; H. Chalstrom; T. J. Conway; Willis D. Crittenberger; Charles D’Orsa; Stephen T. Early; L.W. Gregory; Alfred M. Gruenther; Arden Higdon; Geoffrey Keyes; Larry K. Ladue; A. M. Lazar; William D. Leahy; Lyman L. Lemnitzer; Ray McLain; Phillip Norris; Edward J. O’Neill; Francis Oxx; Glenn T. Pillsbury; Robert W. Porter; Charles E. Saltzman; Ralph Tate; Lucian K. Truscott, Jr.; Arthur R. Wilson; Robert J. Wood
“Interviews with Officers of 3rd ID”: RG 319, OCMH, box 5
National Folklife Center, Veterans’ History Project, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.: Kenneth Apple; Louis Bednar; Jack Brown; Edward George Burns; Richard Dapprich; John Greuling; Boris Guleff; Irvin Hershberger; Roger Howland; Melvin H. McClain; Robert Richstatter
Naval Historical Center, Washington, D.C.: John F. Curtin; Charles William Harwood; H. Kent Hewitt; Samuel A. D. Hunter
Rutgers Oral History Project, New Brunswick, N.J.: Russell Cloer; Franklyn Johnson; Robert King; Maurice Meyers; Charles Mickett; George Mickett; Benjamin Roth; Russell Smalley
U.S. Air Force Historical Research Agency, Maxwell AFB, Ala.: Ira Eaker; Uzal G. Ent; Norman E. Fiske; G. P. Gibson; S. C. Godfrey; Malcolm Grow; H. S. Hansell; Leon W. Johnson; John R. Kane; Lauris Norstad; Jacob E. Smart
U.S. Army Center of Military History, Fort McNair, Washington, D.C.: Volturno River interviews, Geog files, Italy, 370.24: Theodore Bogart; C. E. Brokaw; Don Carleton; R. E. Clem; Francis Even; F. Q. Goodell; Robert O’Brien; Charles J. Parziale; Robert Petherick; J. C. Ruddell; H. G. Swacina; E. Thayer; R. C. Wilson; John F. Woods; R. T. Young
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Historical Division, Fort Belvoir, Va.: Garrison H. Davidson; Herbert W. Ehrgott; Harry O. Paxson; Edwin L. Powell, Jr.; William Francis Powers
U.S. Army Military History Institute, Carlisle, Pa.
Omar N. Bradley Papers: Omar N. Bradley
Sidney T. Matthews Papers: Harold K. Alexander; C. M. Ankcorn; Mark C. Clark; Mark W. Clark; Bryce F. Denno; Dwight D. Eisenhower; William W. Eagles; Robert T. Frederick; Melvin J. Groves; H. Kent Hewitt; E. B. Howard; George F. Kennan; Howard Kippenberger; Lyman L. Lemnitzer; John P. Lucas; Effisio Marras; George C. Marshall; Stanhope B. Mason; Roy Murray; Lowell W. Rooks; John W. Scott; Walter Bedell Smith; Russell G. Spinney; Kenneth W. D. Strong; George A. Taylor; Lucian K. Truscott, Jr.; Frido von Senger u. Etterlin; Fred L. Walker; Henry Maitland Wilson; Robert J. Wood
Forrest C. Pogue interviews: Field Marshal Viscount Alanbrooke; Ray W. Barker; Arthur Coningham; Lord Cunningham of Hyndhope; Charles de Gaulle; James Gault; Hastings L. Ismay; Alphonse P. Juin; Albert Kenner; Alan G. Kirk; C. E. Lambe; J. H. Lee; R. A. McClure; Alan Moorehead; Frederick E. Morgan; Viscount Portal of Hungerford; Adolph Rosengarten, Jr.; Walter Bedell Smith
OCMH WWII Europe Interviews: Francis de Guingand; Walter Bedell Smith
Senior Officer Oral History Program: Paul D. Adams; Charles L. Bolte; Mark W. Clark; Robert E. Coffin; Theodore J. Conway; Michael S. Davison; Ira C. Eaker; William P. Ennis, Jr.; James M. Gavin; Hobart Gay; John A. Heintges; Robert A. Hewitt; Hamilton H. Howze; John E. Hull; Harry Lemley; Robert W. Porter, Jr.; Matthew B. Ridgway; Maxwell D. Taylor; Russell L. Vittrup; Robert J. Wood; William P. Yarborough
U.S. Military Academy, West Point, N.Y.: Matthew B. Ridgway
U.S. Naval Institute, Annapolis, Md.: Walter Ansel; Hanson Weightman Baldwin; George W. Bauernschmidt; Bernhard H. Bieri; Phil H. Bucklew; Joshua W. Cooper; George C. Dyer; Ralph K. James; Jackson K. Parker; U. S. Grant Sharp; Elliott B. Strauss; Edward K. Walker; Charles Wellborn, Jr.; F.E.M. Whiting
MOTION PICTURES
National Archives
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RG 111, Office of the Chief Signal Officer:
The Battle of San Pietro, Combat Report No. 2, 1945.
The Big Change-Over, Officer for Emergency Management, 208.211, 1942.
How Strong Is the Enemy Today? Film No. 2997, OSS, 1944.
Liberation of Rome, Combat Report No. 1, 1944.
Salvage, Office of War Information, 208.118, 1942.
RG 208:
“United News, No. 66,” 1943.
“United News, No. 68,” 1943.
The Battle of San Pietro. John Huston, director. 1945.
Small World. CBS, 1959, produced by Edward R. Murrow and Fred W. Friendly, #12A B.
DVD on Mark W. Clark. The Citadel Archives and Museum.
MISCELLANY
Bynell, H. D. “Logistical Operations in the Sicilian Campaign.” Lecture, Army and Navy Staff College. March 14, 1944. NARA RG 334, NWC Lib.
Cochran, Alexander S. “Constructing a Military Coalition from Materials at Hand: The Case of Allied Force Headquarters.” Paper, SMH conference, Apr. 16, 1999.
Conolly, Richard L. “The Landing at Salerno in World War II.” Lecture, Naval Historical Foundation. May 14, 1957.
Crowl, P. A. “Command Decision: The Rapido River Crossing.” Lecture. U.S. Army War College, Sept. 30, 1955. SM, MHI.
Darby, William O. “U.S. Rangers.” Lecture, Army and Navy Staff College. Oct. 27, 1944. NARA RG 334, NWC Lib.
Eldredge, Walter J. “First Shot in Anger.” Essay from http://www.4point2.org/firstshot.htm, visited Sept. 2, 2006.
“Enemy POW Camps in the USA in World War II.” Fact sheet. Nov. 5, 2002. CMH.
Hewitt, H. K. “The Navy in the European Theater of Operations in World War II.” Lecture, Naval War College. Jan. 4–7, 1947.
Johnston, Lewis E. “The Troop Carrier D-Day Flights.” N.d. CD-ROM.
Kirk, Alan G. “Narrative by Rear Adm. Alan G. Kirk.” Lecture, Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. Oct. 2, 1943. NHC.
Kupsky, Gregory, lecture on Axis POWs in Tennessee. May 21, 2004. SMH conference, Bethesda, Md.
Matloff, Maurice. “Mr. Roosevelt’s Three Wars: FDR as War Leader.” Harmon Memorial Lectures in Military History, no. 6, USAFA, 1964.