Philip II Augustus, King, 257–8, 260n
Philip II, King of Macedon, 52
Philip II, King of Spain, 278n
Philip, Prince, Duke of Edinburgh, 444n, 454n
Philipp, Prince of Eulenburg, 376–8
Philippa, Princess, 238
Philippi, Battle of, 75
Philistines, 18–20, 23, 137
Philo Judaeus of Alexandria, 99n
Phoenicia, 81
Phoenician temples, 28
Phoenicians, 22, 26, 39n
photography, 363, 378
Picot, Francois-Georges, 405, 420, 424
Pilgrim Strangers, 338
Pinsk, 409
Pinsker, Leo, 374
Pitt, William, the Elder, Earl of Chatham, 413
Pitt, William, the Younger, 322
plague, 256, 258, 332
Plato, 190n, 446
Plehve, Vyecheslav von, 380
Pliny the Elder, 3
, 381, 383
Plumer, Field Marshal Hebert, 1st Viscount, 436
Poland, 291, 293–4, 298, 301, 311n, 461, 486n
Polish Jews, 307–8, 357, 359, 375n, 441, 457
polo, 237, 251, 442
Pompeii, 119n
Pompey the Great, Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus, 6, 70–3
Pontius Pilate, 99n, 100, 102, 104–5, 107–8, 110, 115, 119, 122, 135n
Pontus, 88n
Pools of Solomon, 329
popes, 151, 159
Popillius Laenas, 62
Poppaea, 120–1
Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, 501
Port Said, 444n
Portugal, 294
Postal Café, 444
Potemkin, Prince Gregory, 311, 374
Potter’s Field, 109
prisoners, ransoming of, 213
Pro-Jerusalem Society, 423
prophets, 19
prostitution, 144, 226–7, 258, 398, 421, 424
Protestant Churches, 157, 296–7, 299
Protocols of the Elders of Zion, 380n, 383, 423–4, 433, 456n
Prussia, 285, 334, 363
Ptolemais (Acre), 67, 70n, 78, 124
Ptolemy I Soter, King, 54–5, 57n, 58n
Ptolemy II Philadelphos, King, 55, 56n
Ptolemy III Eugertes, King, 56
Ptolemy IV, King, 57n
Ptolemy VI Philometer, King, 66n, 67
Ptolemy VIII Euergetes, King, 67n
Ptolemy IX Soter, King, 70n
Ptolemy XIII, King, 73
Ptolemy, King of Mauretania, 82n
Ptolemy of Alexandria, 190n
Pulcheria, Empress, 153, 155–7
Punch, 379
Purim, 360, 384
Puritans, 300–1, 332, 337
Pushkin, Alexander, 340
Putin, Vladimir, 369n, 515n
pyramids, 85n
Qaitbay, Sultan, 279n, 287–8, 521
Qashashi, 305
al-Qassam, Sheikh Izzat al-Din, 447–8
Qazaz, Firaz, 521
Qazaz, Naji, 521
qiblas, 171, 175
Quadi, 138
al-Quds University, 518n
Quirinius, 91n
Qutuz, Sultan, 275
Rabin, Yitzhak, 429–30, 469, 473–6, 479–70, 485, 506–7, 514
and Six Day War, 492–3, 496–7
Rabinowitz, Rabbi Shmuel, 517–18
Rachel’s Tomb, 323, 351, 357n
Rachkovsky, Piotr, 380n
railways, 348–9, 363
Ramadan, 171, 199, 259, 359, 513
Ramallah, 216
Ramban, Rabbi, see Nachmanides
Ramban Synagogue, 279n, 282, 286–7, 295, 297
Ramla, 186, 204, 316, 481, 487
Ramle Vale Jackal Hounds Hunt, 442
Ramses II the Great, pharaoh, 17–18
Ramsgate, 351, 357n
Raphia, 70
Raphia, Battle of, 57n
Rasputin, Grigory, 385–7
Rauff, Walter, 457
Raushen Pasha, 399
Ravenna, 159
Raymond, Count of Toulouse, Count of Tripoli, 207, 209, 211–12, 214
Raymond, Count of Tripoli, 243–7
Raymond, Prince of Antioch, 234–6
Raymond of Aguilers, 212
Red Crescent, 399
red heifer, 86
Red Sea, 31, 40, 245
Rehavia, 444, 466, 481, 487
Rehoboam, King, 30–1
Rehovoth, 481
Reich, Ronny, 21n, 393
Reuveni, David, 297n, 299n
Reynald of Chatillon, Lord of Kerak and
Outrejordain, 243, 245–6, 248, 250
Rhodes, 81, 179, 333
Richard, Earl of Cornwall, 270
Richard I the Lionheart, King, 65n, 235n, 257–63, 267, 406
Richman, Rabbi, Chaim, 86n
Rida ibn Thawb, 200n
Ridwan, Prince, 297
Riley-Smith, Jonathan, 227
Rishon-le-Zion, 374
de Riveri, Paschia, 244
Riyad, General Abdul Munim, 493, 495
Robert, Duke of Flanders, 208
Robert I, Duke of Normandy, 201
Robert II, Duke of Normandy, 208
Robert, King of Naples, 281
Roberts, David, 333
Robinson, Edward, 337, 354n
Robinsons’s Arch, 99, 354n
Rohan, David, 501
Romania, 343
Romanos IV Diogenes, Emperor, 202n
Romans, 60, 62, 70–7, 80–2, 93, 115–17
and Christianity, 132–3
and Jewish revolt, 120–6
and life of Jesus, 98, 100–7
and St Paul, 118–19
siege of Jerusalem, 1–10
and suppression of Jews, 129–39
Rome, 121, 207n, 351, 370, 463
Arch of Titus, 129, 130n
and Christians, 114, 139–40, 151
Church of St Paul Outside the Walls, 121n
civil war in, 138
Temple of Peace, 129, 131n
Vespasian’s Triumph, 129–30
year of three emperors, 2, 126
Rome, bishops of, 151, 159
Rommel, Field Marshal Erwin, 459
Roosevelt, Franklin D., President, 382n, 459n, 462
Roosevelt, Theodore, President, 428
Rosh Ha Ayim, 53
Rosh Hashanah, 516
Rothschild, Dolly de, 414
Rothschild, Baron Edmond de, 374, 390, 421
Rothschild, James de, 421, 487n
Rothschild, Lionel de, 325n, 350, 352n, 362
Rothschild, Nathaniel, 1st Baron, 324, 350, 380
Rothschild, Walter, 2nd Baron, 414–15
Roxelana, Sultana, 291–2, 297
Royal Boar, 162–4
Rubens, Peter Paul, 65n
Rubowitz, Alexander, 466, 467n
Runciman, Sir Steven, 263n
Russell, Earl, 354
Russia, 310, 320, 330–1, 335, 339–43, 347–8, 361–2, 366, 515
anti-Semitism and Jewish exodus, 367–70, 374, 380, 382–3
Moses Montefiore’s visit, 350–1n
Russian Jews, 330, 334–5, 345, 350, 367–70, 374–5, 382–3, 412–13, 415, 423–4, 430, 508–9
and Sykes–Picot Agreement, 405
see also Soviet Union
Russian Compound, 353, 367, 369, 384, 386, 417, 429, 444, 462, 464–5, 474, 478
Russian Palestine Society, 367
Russian Revolution, 413
Rustaveli, Shota, 296n
Rutenberg, Pinhas, 423n, 429
Saakashvili, Mikheil, President, 296n
Sabas, 156n
al-Sabbah, Hassan, 203n
Sabbatai Zevi, 302–3
Sabbath, 45, 54, 59, 62–3, 107, 144n, 171, 307
Sabinus, 93
Sabra and Shatila massacres, 503
sacrifice, cult of, 53, 59, 101
see also child sacrifice
Sadat
, Anwar, President, 504–5, 515
Sadducees, 68n
Sadeh, General Yitzhak, 452, 456
Sadowa, Battle of, 356
Safadin, Sultan, 249, 251n, 253–4, 255n, 258–65
Safed, 298, 334
al-Saffah, Caliph, 186–8
Said, Boulos, 441
Said, Edward, xix, xxiv, 441, 518n, 519n
Sakakini, Khalil, 408, 417, 429, 444–5
Sakhra, 175
Saladin, Sultan, 224–6, 227n, 241, 243–64, 270, 276, 380, 508, 520
and later developments, 381, 404, 409, 420n, 509
Salahiyya endowments, 255
Salih Ayyub, Sultan, 270–1, 275
Salisbury, Robert Cecil, Marquess of, 409
Sallust, 71
Salome (daughter of Herodias), 96
Salome (sister of Herod), 80, 83–4, 88–90
Salome Alexandra, Queen, 70–1
Salonika, 293, 399
Samara, 150
Samaria, 28, 32, 34, 69, 82, 93
Samaritans, 51, 53, 110, 116, 138, 154, 159
Samarkand, 283
Samosata, 78
Samuel, prophet, 19, 204
Samuel, Herbert, 1st Viscount, 411, 413–14, 431, 433–6
San Remo Conference, 431
Sanballat, 51, 53
Sand, Shlomo, 191n
Sanderson, John, 299
Sandys, George, 299–300
Sanhedrin, 59, 64, 74, 78, 104, 110, 119, 150
Sanhedrin tomb, 79n
Saracens (the name), 173
Sarajevo, 374
Sardis, 48n, 50n
Sargon II, King of Assyria, 34–5
Saturnius, 156
al-Saud, Abdullah, 327
Ibn Saud, Abdul-Aziz, 327n
Ibn Saud, King Abdullah, 327n, 432, 468
Saudi Arabia, 281, 327n, 432n, 467, 510
Saul, King, 19–21
Saulcy, Félicien de, 355
St Saviour’s monastery, 296, 310, 318–19, 322, 330
Savoyards, 278n
Schick, Conrad, 228n, 364n
Schiff, Jacob, 382
Schlechter, Solomon, 199n
Scott, C. P., 410–11
Scott, Walter, 336
Sea Peoples, 15, 18
Sebag, Jemima, 349
Sebag-Montefiore, Major Geoffrey, 421
Sebag-Montefiore, Sir Joseph, 357n
Sebag-Montefiore, Captain William, 420n
Sebaste, 82
Sebastopol, 347
Sebeos, Bishop, 176
Second Balkan War, 395
Second Wall, 3, 363n
Sedgwick, Sergeant James, 418
Selassie, Haile, Emperor, 400n, 441, 457, 519
Seleucids, 56–7, 61, 65–8, 72–3, 76n
Seleucos, 57n
Selim the Grim, Sultan, 291
Selim II, Sultan, 297
Selim III, Sultan, 318
Semiramis Hotel, 432, 469
Sennacherib, King of Assyria, 35–8, 457
Sephardic Jews, 20, 24, 191n, 293–4, 298, 300, 308, 324, 330, 345–6, 359–60, 384, 510
Sephoria, 245
Septimus Severus, Emperor, 138
Serbs, 296
Sergei Alexandrovich, Grand Duke, 368–9, 386
seven veils, dance of, 96n
Seventh Day Adventists, 337n
Seward, William H., 347n
Shaftesbury, Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 7th
Earl of, xxv, 331–4, 337, 350, 354
shahada, 176n, 184
Shaizar, 224
Shajar ad-Durr, Sultana, 271, 272n
Shalmaneser, King of Assyria, 31, 32n
Shaltiel, David, 479
Shamir, Yitzhak, 481
Shams al-Din, 268
Sharon, Ariel, 358n, 494, 504–6, 509
Shea, General John, 418, 420
Sheba, Queen of, 26, 157n
Shechem, 18, 30
Sheikh Jarrah, 58n, 364–5, 385, 442–3, 469, 473, 478–9, 483, 488, 496, 511, 517
Shema, 102
Sheshbazzar, King, 48
Sheshonq, pharaoh, 28–31
Shihabis, 519
Shiloh, 18
Shirin, Queen of Persia, 162
Shirkuh, Amir, 239–41, 251
shofar, 437, 462, 497
Shuqayri, Ahmed, 445, 491
Sibylla, Queen of Jerusalem, 244–6, 249–50, 256
Sicarii, 116, 120, 123
Sicily, 71, 194, 218, 257, 266–7
Sidon, 217, 249, 316n, 383
Sigurd, King of Norway, 217
Sikorski, General Wladslaw, 458
Siloam Pool and Tunnel, 36–7, 43, 99–100, 103n, 156, 365
Silwan, 35n, 329, 506, 508n, 511
St Simeon, 154
Simon the Great, the Maccabee, see Maccabees
Simon, builder of the Temple, 87
Simon, cousin of Jesus, 10, 119
Simon, ‘prince of princes’, 93n
Simon, son of Cleophas, 92n, 132–3
Simon II, the Just, 58–9, 384
Simon ben Giora, 8, 125, 129
Simon of Cyrene, 106
Sinai, 49, 61, 380, 407, 490, 492, 493–4, 505
Sind, 183
al-Siqilli, Jawhar, see Jawhar
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, 197n
Six Day War, xxv, 490–98, 519
slingers, 19n
Smith, George Adam, 418
Smith, Joseph, 338
Smith, Sir Sidney, 317–18, 321–2, 331
Smyrna, 302
Socrates Scholasticus, 148n
Solomon, King, 7, 23, 25–30, 40, 85, 157n, 159, 217, 305
and Islam, 170, 175, 182, 185
relics of, 152
Solomon’s mines, 28
Somalia, 26
Sophronius, Patriarch, 173–5
Soviet Union, 415, 433, 440n, 455, 465, 492, 502
Sozomen, 147n
Spafford, Anna, 365
Spafford-Vester, Bertha, 365, 390, 392, 396, 418, 420, 441, 473, 488–9
Spafford, Horatio, 364–6
Spafford, Jacob, 37n
Spain, 134, 200n, 230, 240
reconquest of, 285, 293–4
Spanish Inquisition, 294