7. BL Additional MS 29. 571, f. 83.
8. Sharp, Midwives Book, 145.
9. Raynaldes, The Birth of Mankind, 100–1.
10. Sharp, Midunves Book, 153.
11. Raynaldes, The Birth of Mankind, 101.
12. Sharp, Midwives Book, 153.
13. Boorde, A Breviary of health, 89.
14. Sharp, Midwives Book, 163.
15. Smith, A Preparative to Manage, 84.
16. Coster, ‘Purity, Profanity, Puritanism: The Churching of Women, 1570–1700’ Cressy, ‘Purification, Thanksgiving and the Churching of Women in Post-Reformation England’.
17. Deloney, Jack of Newbery, 140.
18. Short, The Biological Basis for the Contraceptive Effects of Breastfeeding.
19. Duncan-Jones, Ungentle Shakespeare, 22–3.
20. Romeo and Juliet, I. iii. 26–8.
21. Sharp, Midwives Book, 76.
22. ibid., 77.
23. In the register of baptisms, however, we find two separate entries; on 6 August 1559, we have a mysterious entry recording the baptism of a ‘Richard Hathaway’, with no father’s name, and on 4 January 1562 a ‘Richardus filius Richard Hathaway alias Gardner’. It seems at least as likely then that one of the Richard Hathaways buried at the end of March was Ann’s full brother, and the other a nineteen-month-old cousin.
24. Sharp, Midwives Book, 58–60.
25. Cymbeline, II. v. 9–13.
26. Barrough, The Method of Physick, 202.
27. Raynaldes, The Birth of Mankind, 106.
28. Stone, Crisis in the Aristocracy, 283.
29. Fildes, Breasts, Bottles and Babies, 155.
30. ibid., 159, quoting The Private Diary of Dr John Dee (1842) and F. G. Emmison, Tudor Food and Pastimes: Life at Ingatestone Hall (1964).
31. Muffett, Health’s Improvement, 122–3.
32. Markham, The English Housewife, 39.
33. Dekker, The Pleasant Comodie of Patient Grissill, IV. i. 123-7, 129–34, in Dramatic Works of Thomas Dekker, i, 258.
CHAPTER NINE
1. Greenblatt, Will in the World, 124.
2. Honigman, Shakespeare: The Lost Years, 1–2, 128.
3. Manning, Village Revolts, 4.
4. Rowe, Works of Shakespeare, vii, v.
5. Eccles, Shakespeare in Warwickshire, 75.
6. Chambers, William Shakespeare, ii, 257.
7. Manning, Village Revolts, 38.
8. Schoenbaum, Documentary Life, 87.
9. Greene, The Repentance of Robert Greene, Master of Arts, Sigs C3, C3v, [C4].
10. Greenblatt, Will in the World, 124.
11. ibid., 126.
12. SBTRO, ER1/115, f. 4.
13. Lady Mary Wroth, ‘Pamphilia to Amphilanthus’, Sonnet 13, in The Poems of Lady Mary Wroth, 94.
14. CSPF, 1569–71, no. 185.
15. Lehmberg, Sir Walter Mildmay and Tudor Government, 78.
16. Northamptonshire Record Office, W/A, Box 2, parcel xii, no I/D9.
17. CSPF, 1578–9, nos 67, 82.
18. CSPF, 1581–2, no. 59.
19. Lehmberg, Sir Walter Mildmay and Tudor Government, 272.
20. Pollock, With Faith and Physic, 34.
21. Northamptonshire Record Office, W/A, Box 2, parcel xii, No I/D12.
22. CSPD, 1595–7, nos 51–2, 59–60.
23. [Cooke], How to chuse a good wife from a bad, Sig. [E3v–4].
24. Thomson, Shakespeare’s Professional Career, 69.
25. Nashe, Pierce Pennliess his Supplication to the Devil, in Works of Thomas Nashe, i, 216.
26. Lasocki, The Bassanos, passim.
27. The Diary of John Manningham of the Middle Temple, 208–9. The story was first published in Wilkes, A General View of the Stage, 220–1; from BL, MS Harley 5353, f. 29v.
28. Quoted by Wells in Shakespeare and Co., 47–8, without acknowledgement.
29. Dekker and Webster, Westward Ho, I. i. 198–9, 205–6, in Dramatic works of Thomas Dekker, ii, 324–5.
CHAPTER TEN
1. Stratford-upon-Avon Inventories, i, 96.
2. ibid., 96–7; Worcestershire Record Office, 008.7 1588/76.
3. M&A, v, 112.
4. M&A, v, 111.
5. Stratford-upon-Avon Inventories,’ 267–8, SBTRO, BRU 15/1/77.
6. M&A, v, 51, 52.
7. M&A, v, 59.
8. M&A, v, 60–1.
9. M&A, v, 61.
10. Parish Register, Welford-upon-Avon, M&A, v, 41.
11. Locke, journal, 1 March 1681, Bodleian MS Locke f.5.
12. Stratford-upon-Avon Inventories, i, 54.
13. Laurence, Women in England, 19.
14. Clark, The Working Life of Women in the Seventeenth Century, 131.
15. M&A, ii, 48.
16. M&A, ii, 116.
17. M&A, ii, 117.
18. M&A, iii, 96; iv, 16.
19. M&A, iii, 27, 28, 29, 43, 44.
20. M&A, iii, 79, 81.
21. M&A, iii, 95, 96.
22. M&A, iii, 135.
23. M&A, iii, 164.
24. SBTRO, BRT 3/1/63.
25. M&A, iv, 55.
26. M&A, iv, 73.
27. M&A, iv, 143.
28. Plowden, Tudor Women, 164–5.
29. Worcestershire Record Office, 008.7 1580/62; M&A, ii, 106, 115–16, 119; iii, 28, 84; SBTRO, BRU 15/7/107.
30. Deloney, Jack of Newbery, 65–6.
31. Clark, The Working Life of Women in the Seventeenth Century, ‘Introduction’, xxx.
32. Deloney, Thomas of Reading, 95.
33. ibid., 127.
34. Worcestershire Record Office, 008.7 1560/184.
35. Worcestershire Record Office, 008.7 1564/33.
36. Worcestershire Record Office, 008.7 1570/18.
37. SBTRO, BRU 15/7/147.
38. SBTRO, BRT 3/1/15.
39. Stratford-upon-Avon Inventories, i, 332–4.
40. Stratford-upon-Avon Inventories, i, 107–8.
41. M&A, v, 115.
42. Stratford-upon-Avon Inventories, i, 24.
43. Stratford-upon-Avon Inventories, ii, 87.
44. Stratford-upon-Avon Inventories, ii, 43.
45. Markham, The Compleat Housewife, title-page.
46. Tusser, ‘The Preface to the Book of Huswifery’, Five Hundred Points of Good Husbandry, f. 29.
47. Sue Wright, ‘ “Churmaids, Housewives and Hucksters” ’ cf. Weigall, ‘An Elizabethan Gentlewoman: the journal of Lady Mildmay circa 1570–1617’.
48. SBTRO, BRU 15/12/63, 70.
49. SBTRO, BRU 15/12/74.
50. SBTRO, BRU 15/13/12.
51. Deloney, Jack of Newbery, 24.
52. [Cooke], How to chuse a good wife from a bad, Sig. [Cv].
53. Laurence, Women in England, 10.
54. Thirsk, ‘The Fantastical Folly of Fashion’, 51.
55. Stow, Annales, 948.
56. Thirsk, ‘The Fantastical Folly of Fashion’, 54.
57. Stow, Annales, 867.
58. ibid., 869.
59. Holinshed, Chronicles, (1807–8), iv. 384; Nichols, Progresses, ii. 144.
60. Joan is as Good as My Lady, Campions’s Two Books of Airs, i, 20, in Pepys Ballads, i, 159. See also Everitt, ‘Cottage Husbandry and Peasant Wealth’, 190.
61. Borough Justices 22–6–49, Wells Session Book, quoted in Quaife, Wanton Wenches and Wayward Wives, 150.
62. SBTRO, BRU 15/1/131, f. 179.
63. Stubbes, Anatomie of Abuses, Sig. Eiiiv.
64. ibid., Sig. [Fviii]v.
65. SBTRO, BRU 12/6/107, 114.
66. Lille, Archives Départmentales du Nord, MS 20H9, ‘The Lady Faulkland Her Life’, f. 9r.
67. Everitt, ‘Cottage Husbandry and Peasant Wealth’, 190–1.
68. SBTRO, BRU 15/12/91, f. 116.
69. SBTRO, BRU 15/12/91.
70. SBTRO, BRU 15/13/21, 22.
71. Gough, History of Myddle, 132.
72. ibid., 241. See also Erickson, Women and Property, 58.
/>
73. Halliwell-Phillipps, Outlines (7th edn 1887), ii, 298; Eccles, Shakespeare in Warwickshire, 108.
74. Greene, A Quip for an Upstart Courtier, Sig. Fii.
75. OED.
76. Greene, A Quip for an Upstart Courtier, Sig. Fii-F[ii]v.
77. Stow, Annales, 869.
78. OED.
79. Cotgrave, Dictionary, ‘mercerot’.
80. Statute of Apparel, 39 Eliz. 1.
81. Dekker and Webster, Westward Ho, II. ii. 108–9, in Dramatic Works of Thomas Dekker, ii, 340.
82. M&A, iii, 13.
83. M&A, iii, 45, 46, 47.
84. M&A, iii, 45, 46.
85. M&A, iii, 14.
86. M&A, iii, 118, 119.
87. Stratford-upon-Avon Inventories, i, 297–9.
88. SBTRO, BRU 15/6/170, 15/7/237.
89. SBTRO, BRU 15/7/244.
90. Brinkworth, Shakespeare and the Bawdy Court, 127.
91. Stratford-upon-Avon Inventories, i, 329-30. See also SBTRO, BRU 15/13/65, which recognises her as ‘of Stratford’. In Northward-Ho (1607) by Dekker and Webster, Doll masquerades as ‘a country pedlar…that travels up and down to exchange pins for coney-skins’ (V. i. 391–2, in Dramatic Works of Thomas Dekker, ii, 474).
92. A New Ballad intituled, I haue fresh Cheese and Creame, in Pepys Ballads, i, 50.
93. Lippincott, ed., ‘Merry Passages and Jeasts’, 44.
94. Dekker, The Shomakers Holiday, or The Gentle Craft, I. i. 207-11, in Dramatic Works of Thomas Dekker, i, 29.
95. Jones, Family Life in Shakespeare’s England, 86.
CHAPTER ELEVEN
1. He signed the Holy Trinity Registers in those years; see also Brink-worth, Shakespeare and the Bawdy Court, 63, 67, 68, 69–70, 109, 118.
2. ibid., 22–3; cf. Ingram, Church Courts, Sex and Marriage, 324–9.
3. Stratford-upon-Avon Inventories, i, 74–5.
4. ibid., 268–9.
5. ibid., 295–6.
6. Worcestershire Record Office, 008.7 1636/103.
7. Stratford-upon-Avon Inventories, i, 116.
8. The First Part of the Return from Parnassus, 11. 1200–3, in The Three Parnassus Plays, 192.
9. The Second Part of the Return from Parnassus, 11. 301–4, in The Three Parnassus Plays, 244.
10. Freeman, Rubbe and a Great Cast. Epigrams, Sig. K3.
11. D[avies], A Scourge for Paper Persecutors, Sig. A3.
12. Forman, ‘Diary’, Bodleian MS Ashmole 226, ff. 93v, 95v, 110v, 122v, 201, 222v, 236.
13. Stow, Summarie, 399.
14. SBTRO, BRU 2/1–5, A. 233.
15. M&A, iii, 156.
16. SBTRO, BRU 2/1–5, B.; account of sums received BRU 2/1–5, B. 7.
17. M&A, v, 1593–8, xx.
18. ‘Warwickshire Buyers of Corn’, Warwickshire County Record Office, CR 1886/BB711/2663.
19. Agricultural History Review xii (1964), 39; also table facing p. 29.
20. ‘Buyers of Com’, M&A, v, 49–50.
21. Duncan-Jones, Ungentle Shakespeare, 90–1.
22. Venus and Adonis, ‘To the right honourable Henry Wriothesley, Earl of Southampton and Baron of Tichfield’.
23. Halliwell-Phillips, Outlines i, 299–304.
24. Ackroyd, Shakespeare, 270.
25. MacDonald, Mystical Bedlam, passim’, see also Macfarlane, The Family Life of Ralph Josselin, and his Marriage and Love in England; Houlbrooke, The English Family; Pollock, Forgotten Children.
26. ‘On my first daughter’, Epigrammes, xxii; ‘On my first son’, Epigrammes, xlv.
27. ‘On my dear son, Gervase Beaumont’.
CHAPTER TWELVE
1. Duncan-Jones, Ungentle Shakespeare, 91.
2. Ferne, The Blazon of Gentric, 58–60.
3. Andrew Gurr, personal communication to Duncan-Jones, quoted on p. 85 of Ungentle Shakespeare.
4. Carter Sutherland, ‘The Grant of Arms to Shakespeare’s Father’, 384.
5. Greene, A Quip for an Upstart Courtier, Sig. A[iii] v.
6. Duncan-Jones, Ungentle Shakespeare, 86.
7. Thomson, Shakespeare’s Professional Career, 144–5.
8. Jones, ‘Lewis Hiccox and Shakespeare’s Birthplace’, 497–502.
9. Ackroyd, Shakespeare, 373.
10. Revels Accounts, passim.
11. SBTRO, BRU 15/1/45.
12. Schoenbaum, Documentary Life, 173.
13. Thomson, Shakespeare’s Professional Career, 99.
14. Wells, Shakespeare and Co., 107.
15. Leland, Itinerary, ii, 49.
16. Halliwell-Phillipps, An Historical Account of the New Place, 10; Eccles, Shakespeare in Warwickshire, 86–9.
17. BRU 12/5, 200, Writ of capias to Roland Wheler to answer William Bott 7 December 6 Eliz.
18. NA, 1 STAC 5, Proceedings Court of Star Chamber, Alford v. Greville and Porter, 1571.
19. NA, SP 12/79.
20. For whom see above, p. 224.
21. M&A, iii, 79.
22. SBTRO, MD 15/68. 69, 184, 186; NA, Star Chamber 5 H9/22; Bellew, Shakespeare’s Home at New Place, passim.
23. Eccles, Shakespeare in Warwickshire, 88–9.
24. M&A, iii, 127, 143–4, 156.
25. Schoenbaum, Documentary Life, 237.
26. SBTRO, BRU 11/145/55; Rée, The Shrieve’s House, passim.
27. The Sharers’ Papers, NA, LC/5/133, 50–1.
28. Aubrey, Brief Lives, 21–2.
29. Works of Ben Jonson, i, 57–8.
30. Stow, Annales, 895.
31. Silk weaving was not to become an important industry in Britain until the influx of Huguenot refugees after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685.
32. Tusser, ‘Of Brewing’, Five Hundred Points of Good Husbandry, f. 31.
33. ibid., f. 33v.
34. ibid., f. 30v.
35. ibid., f. 31v.
36. The Private Life of an Elizabethan Lady, passim.
37. Worcestershire Record Office, 008.7 1601/16.
38. NA, Prob. 11/64/31.
39. Smith, Examination of Usury, 49.
CHAPTER THIRTEEN
1. Thirsk, ‘The Farming Regions of England’, 89; see also Gay, ‘The Midland Revolt and the Inquisitions of Depopulation of 1607’, 212–14, 240.
2. M&A, v, 115–16; SBTRO, BRU 15/7/62, DR 140/26.
3. Warwickshire County Record Office, CR1618/W/21/6, 269.
4. NA, PPG, vii, 263, 273, 278, 313.
5. SPD, Eliz. cvii, 89. Also NA, V269/T161.
6. DNB, ‘Conway, Sir John’. See also NA, STAC 7/18/48, and SBTRO DR 362/14.
7. Dugdale, Antiquities of Warwickshire, 497.
8. Chancery Inquisitions Postmortem, (Ser. 2), ccxxvii, 89, 192.
9. ibid.; VCH: Warwickshire, v, 200; cf. Hamlet, V. ii. 189–90.
10. M&A, v, 18, 20 (3), 31 (3), 96, 97, 120, 121, 123 (3).
11. M&A, v, 162–3.
12. SBTRO, ER3/678.
13. Abraham Sturley to Richard Quiney, 24 January 1598, SBTRO, BRU 15/1/135.
14. ‘A Note of Corn and Malt in the Borough of Stratford-upon-Avon’, SBTRO, BRU 15/1/106, M&A, v, 137.
15. SBTRO, BRU 15/2/2, 255.
16. SBTRO, ER 27/4.
17. SBTRO, BRU 15/1/136.
18. SBTRO, BRU 15/2/2, 69, 95, 356.
19. SBTRO, BRU 15/2/2, 70, 72.
20. SBTRO, BRU 15/2/2, 83.
21. SBTRO, BRU 15/9/3 15/5/20, 15/6/161.
22. SBTRO, BRU 15/5/216, 15/7/124.
23. SBTRO, BRU 15/1/144.
24. SBTRO, BRU 15/1/123; CSPD, 1603–10, 590.
25. SBTRO, BRU 15/7/40.
26. ‘Sir Edward Greville’s menaces to the Bailiff, Aldermen and Burgesses of Stratford’, SBTRO, ER 1/1/50.
27. Fripp, Shakespeare, 168.
28. SBTRO, BRU 15/12/103.
CHAPTER FOURTEEN
1. Stratford-upon-Avon Inventories, ii, 16.
2. Jones, ‘Lewis Hiccox and Shakespeare’s Birthplace’, 497–502.
3. Thomas Hiccox is listed as the occupant in 1590 (M&A, v, 111).
4. Thomson, Shakespeare’s Professional Career, 145.
5. Fripp, Shakespeare, 904.
6. Schoenbaum, Documentary Life, 235.
7. SBTRO, BRU 15/3/155, 156 (Thomas Rogers); 15/6/12, 21 John Rogers); 15/ 3/89 (Robert Roberts); 15/4/198, 15/6/5 (William Walford); 15/5/57, 15/6/26, 33, 15/8/34, 178 (John Roberts); 12/7/334, 12/8/89 (John Combe); 15/8/140 (Thomas Merrell); 15/4/52, 69, 63, 164, and so on.
8. SBTRO, BRU 15/12/71.
9. SPD, Eliz. cxvii, 12.
10. SBTRO, ER 1/115, 7.
11. Brinkworth, Shakespeare and the Bawdy Court, 128.
12. Dugdale, The Antiquities of Warwickshire, ii, 686; ‘wise unto salvation’: Geneva Bible, 2 Timothy iii: 15.
13. MacDonald, ‘A New Discovery about Shakespeare’s Estate in Old Stratford’, 89.
14. Deloney, Jack of Newbery, 27.
15. SBTRO, BRU 15/1/95, 15/3/18, BRU 15/2/2, 445, 467; Schoenbaum, Documentary Life, Fig. 155, facing p. 192; original, SBTRO, ER 27/2.
16. Schoenbaum, Documentary Life, 237.
17. ‘The Joint and Severall Answers of Susan Hall, widow & Thomas Nashe gent.’, Marcham, William Shakespeare and his Daughter Susannah, 66–71; SBTRO, BRU 15/8/1, 303; Halliwell-Phfflipps, An Historical Account of the New Place, 92–108; Halliwell-Phillipps, Outlines (7th edn 1887), i, 247, 271, ii, 61, 99, 322–3; Vestry Minute-Book, 33–6.
18. Eccles, Shakespeare in Warwickshire, 85, 105 and note.
19. Schoenbaum, Documentary Life, 291.
20. Marcham, William Shakespeare and his Daughter Susannah, passim; Gray, The Genealogist’s Magazine, 350.
21. Hall, Select Observations, Sig. A5–A5v.
22. Lane, John Hall, xvii.
23. Poems of Sir John Davies, 226.
24. Hall, Select Observations, 2–3.
25. Gerard, Herbal, 288.
26. Clowes, Proved Practiser for all young Chirurgeons, 33.
27. Cotta, A Short Discoverie of the Unobserved Dangers of severall sorts of ignorant and unconsiderate Practisers of Physicke in England.
28. Trevor-Roper, ‘The Paracelsian Movement’, 167, 34–6.
29. Davies, ‘In Philonem’, Epigrammes 38, in Poems of Sir John Davies, 146.
30. Fripp, Shakespeare, 670–1, from the Stratford Chamberlain’s Account, 8 January 1608.
CHAPTER FIFTEEN
1. ‘Sir Walter Ralegh to the Queen’, in Ralegh, Poems, 104.
2. Rowse, Ralegh and the Throckmortons, passim.
3. ‘The Ocean’s Love to Cynthia’, Ralegh, Poems, 80.
4. Ralegh, Letters, 263.
5. The version of the letter used here is based on the copy made for Sir Robert Cotton of a lost original, BL MS Sloane 3520, ff. 14v–171.