it German composer Ludwig van Beethoven’s famous 1798 piano sonata.
iu Retired, obsolete.
iv Person who meddles and ruins others’ plans.
iw Sad, moving.
ix Drab gray.
iy Port city on the Mediterranean in southeastern France.
iz Public Garden (French).
ja The bridge traverses the Paillon (Paglione) stream.
jb What are you thinking? (French).
jc Tarlatan and tulle are sheer, stiff fabrics.
jd Delicate, transparent silk tulle.
je Having a stately beauty like Juno, queen of the Roman gods.
jf In this case, a large, elegant drawing room or hall.
jg Diana is the Roman moon goddess; her twin brother, Phoebus Apollo, is the god of sunlight and truth.
jh Dining room (French).
ji In Shakespeare’s play, Hamlet’s mother, Gertrude, wears mourning clothes for her dead husband, the king.
jj The same as above—in this case, girls.
jk Young ladies (French).
jl Cotillion: elaborate dance at formal balls, led by one main couple; tarantella: fast southern Italian folk dance.
jm Waiters (French).
jn The French words mean “woman painted by herself”; the reference to Honoré‘ de Balzac (1799-1850)—a prolific and influential French writer, widely regarded as one of the greatest novelists—is unclear.
jo Long live freedom (French).
jp That is, after she had gone quietly to sleep; byelow, meaning “hush,” is a term often heard in lullabies.
jq Germanic element of the English language; the Saxons invaded England in the fifth century.
jr Monaco is a small principality on the Mediterranean coast, near the border of France and Italy; Valrosa is a fictional mansion near Nice, taken from Alcott’s own posthumously published sensational novel A Long Fatal Love Chase, written in 1866.
js That is, capeline; a light woolen hood.
jt Section of the western Alps extending to the Mediterranean Sea.
ju Sweet idleness (Italian).
jv Title of a story from The Parent’s Assistant (1796), a collection of children’s stories by Maria Edgeworth.
jw Reference to the third-century Roman martyr Saint Lawrence, who was roasted to death on a gridiron.
jx Xavier Jouvin was a nineteenth-century French glove-maker who devised a method for standardizing glove sizing.
jy Signet rings.
jz My brother (French).
ka Goodbye, miss (French).
kb Cloth needle case.
kc Illegible, scrawled writing.
kd In The Pilgrim’s Progress (see endnote 1), the inhabitants of Beulah, a land adjacent to Heaven.
ke Shore.
kf Insincere, deceptive person.
kg Weeds that grow in grain fields.
kh Austrian composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791) fell in love with the young soprano Aloysia Weber and proposed to her (despite his father’s disapproval) but was rejected; four years later, in 1782, he married her younger sister Constanze.
ki In the Catholic Church, a long mass marked by singing.
kj Matches (French).
kk Port city in Italy, located between the Apennine Mountains and the Ligurian Sea.
kl In a small hotel (French).
km Gathering nuts, usually by shaking or beating them out of the tree.
kn Weight for the kite.
ko Stripped of ornament, plain.
kp Paraphrase of a famous remark Samuel Johnson made in a letter to Lord Chesterfield (Philip Dormer Stanhope, 1694-1773), an early patron of his dictionary, when Chesterfield sought credit for sponsoring it after having neglected Johnson for ten years.
kq Rascal.
kr Act like a schoolmarm.
ks In Dickens’s novel David Copperfield (1849-1850), the fisherman Daniel Pegotty is the brother of the Copperfields’ housekeeper; upon seeing David after many years, he repeatedly proclaims David and his companion “gentlemen growed.”
kt In Aesop’s fable “The North Wind and the Sun,” the sun and the wind vie to see which can make a man remove his coat; after the wind tries to blow the coat off the man, the sun wins through gentleness, warming the man until he removes the coat.
ku Ornamental chain or clasp worn at a woman’s waist to hold keys, charms, and so on.
kv At one’s pleasure (Latin).
kw Fine lace made with a needle.
kx Mr. One-too-many (French); that is, Mr. Bhaer is afraid he’ll be intruding.
ky Commanding, strong; Jove, or Jupiter, is chief of the Roman gods (the Greeks called him Zeus).
kz Removed.
la From “Come, Ye Disconsolate” (1816), by Irish poet Thomas Moore; the March sisters probably sing lyrics slightly revised by American hymn writer Thomas Hastings (1784-1872).
lb Reference to “Kennst du das Land” (see footnote on page 00).
lc Notched device for removing boots.
ld Juliette Récamier (1777-1849), French society beauty and wit famous for her fashionable intellectual gatherings; a friend of Madame de Staël, she is portrayed in de Staël’s novel Corinne (see note to p. 342).
le Fourth-century B.C. Greek philosopher and tutor of Alexander the Great who wrote on many topics, including logic, metaphysics, poetics, and rhetoric.
lf That is, a person who begrudges to others what he cannot use himself; allusion to an Aesop’s fable about a dog who won’t let an ox get near the manger full of straw in which the dog lies.
lg In the Bible (see Acts 9:36-41), Dorcas is a disciple of Christ who does good deeds for the poor; she is often depicted holding a basket.
lh Fourth-century French prelate and founder of the first monastery in Gaul; legend tells that he gave half his cloak to a beggar who turned out to be Jesus Christ.
li The ancient Greek philosopher and teacher Socrates often taught by asking questions.
lj Fifth-century B.C. Athenian general and politician; a student and friend of Socrates.
lk The Artful Dodger is a bold young pickpocket in Dickens’s novel Oliver Twist (1837-1839).
ll Love of children.
lm Little boy, scamp (German).
ln Sturdy cotton fabric with a twill (diagonal) weave, used for linings and pockets.
lo Offices for bookkeeping and other business transactions.
lp Youngsters (German).
lq Large, narrow-necked bottle, usually wicker-encased.
lr The first love is the best (German).
ls Awkward young person.
lt It tosses the dog in the nursery rhyme “The House that Jack Built”
lu Of one-quarter black ancestry.
lv Also known as the Teutonic Order, the Teutonic Knights were a powerful German military religious order of nobles founded in 1190 in Jerusalem; the knights took vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience.
lw The Roman goddess Pomona is the protector of fruits and orchards.
lx Sour apples.
ly Cuts.
lz Near-quotation Near-quotation of American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow’s poem “The Rainy Day” (1842).
Louisa May Alcott, Little Women
(Series: Little Women # 1)
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